Otec aff/neg otec aff
Warming Advantage Turn – OTEC Increases Warming
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Warming AdvantageTurn – OTEC Increases WarmingOTEC hurts ocean Bio-D and increases warming – Warms oceans and is legally constrainedInternational Space University 05 [International Space University masters study, multiple graduate student contributors: Christophe Accadia (EUMETSAT), Philippe Achilleas (ISU Faculty), Shahram Ariafar (ISU MSS05 Student), Jacques Arnould (Centre National d’Études Spatiales), Ivan Bekey (Bekey Designs, Inc), Jim Burke (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (retired)), David Chon (Freelance Artist), Erik Clacey (ISU MSS05 Student), Filippo de Rose (EUMETSAT), John J. Egan (ISU)• Fabian Eilingsfeld (PRICE Systems)• Macha Ejova (ISU Teaching Associate)• John Farrow (ISU Resident Faculty)• Yasuyuki Ikegami (Saga University)• Joachim Köppen (Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg)• Nicolas Moncussi (ISU staff)• Walter Peeters (ISU Resident Faculty)• Dickson So (Ryerson University)• Patrick Takahashi (Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii)• Nikolai Tolyarenko (ISU Resident Faculty)• Luis A. Vega (Pacific International Center for High Technology Research)• Dalibor Vukicevic (École Nationale Supérieure de Physique de Strasbourg), Masters Program 2004/2005, "Space Aid forOcean Thermal Energy Conversion SAOTEC Final Report," isulibrary.isunet.edu/opac/doc_num.php?explnum_id=118 accessed 10-25-12]cd In addition to the conventional OTEC plant facilities, SAOTEC power plants will not only affect local¶ environment, but may furthermore have global impacts on environmental parameters. For space-aided OTEC¶ plants, a solar reflector will heat the sea surface temperature up to 60°C. This will not only affect the maritime¶ environment (i.e. flora and fauna) but might also contribute to global warming by heating the atmosphere.¶ The illumination of coastal SAOTEC plants by a solar reflector may cause a local, environmental disturbance¶ of the 24 hour day/night cycle of resident people, animals, plants and micro organisms (see 4.2.3). Countries¶ and governments planning to build a coastal SAOTEC power plant will have to consider and take precautions¶ to prevent threats to land-based activities, for both human health and well-being and the integrity of coastal¶ and marine ecosystems as well as the biodiversity.¶ There are three major legal documents which are applicable to the SAOTEC development and operational¶ phase:¶ The Law of the Sea Convention (1982)¶ The Washington Declaration on Protection of the Marine Environment from Land Based Activities (1995)¶ The Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)¶ The Law of the Sea Convention proclaims that States are responsible to ensure that activities under their¶ jurisdiction or control do not pollute another State’s environment27. Off-shore water SAOTEC plants will use¶ Solar Reflectors to heat a delimited sea surface area in order to increase its temperature gradient to gain a¶ proper amount of energy. Even if a high reflector stabilization and precision pointing capability is required to¶ operate space-aided OTEC plants, a seawater temperature increase will not only strictly occur on the plant¶ facility area, but will also raise the temperature of the surrounding water area. Habitats of sea organisms and¶ microorganisms will be affected and species might be extruded or displaced by other new species or alien¶ organisms. States are required to prevent these occurrences according to article 19628:¶ “States shall take all measures necessary to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment¶ resulting from the use of technologies under their jurisdiction or control, or the intentional or accidental¶ introduction of species, alien or new, to a particular part of the marine environment, which may cause¶ significant and harmful changes there to”.¶ More specifically, environmental assessment and monitoring will be necessary to prevent harmful changes to¶ the marine environment29.”¶ The Washington Declaration on Protection of the Marine Environment from Land Based Activities (1995)¶ declares its commitment to protect and preserve the marine environment from the impacts of land-based¶ activities. But environment and biological biodiversity is not limited to plants, animals, microorganisms and¶ their ecosystems. The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 recognizes that biological diversity is also¶ about people and their need for food security, medicine, fresh air and water, and a clean, healthy environment¶ in which to live. Besides producing energy to cover local energy demands, OTEC plants will also provide¶ desalinated water. OTEC plants might offer a safe and environmental friendly alternative to supply populated¶ areas with the produced water. Natural water deficiency can be compensated and biological diversity can be¶ maintained even if a local disturbance of maritime or land-based environment occurs.¶ The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [United Nations 1992] recognizes that all¶ countries, especially developing countries, need access to the resources required to achieve sustainable social¶ and economic development. In order for the developing countries to progress towards that goal, their energy¶ consumption will grow. Taking into account the international needs for achieving greater energy efficiency¶ and for controlling greenhouse gas emissions in general, SAOTEC facilities can contribute to clean energy¶ production by using renewable energy source and avoiding the emission of greenhouse gases at the same time. Directory: file -> fetch fetch -> 11 th Lit Semester 1 Final Study Guide!!! fetch -> Industrial Revolution Inventors fetch -> Analysis for Galveston Hurricane of 1900 fetch -> The Illuminators (Team 2) 1900 Galveston Hurricane Cycle a team Assignment fetch -> Team csi-utb ruth Reyes Jose Ferrer fetch -> Galveston Hurricane of 1900 Cycle a-teacher as a Problem Solver fetch -> Is Climate Change Starting a New Dust Bowl? Cycle A fetch -> What makes a storm a hurricane fetch -> The 1950s were the "Happy Days" because it was a time of economic prosperity, technology development, new entertainment, new fashion and family growth. 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