Computer Networking and Management Lesson 1



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Computer Networks and Internet - Overview
Things to Remember: Resource contention Aggregate resource demand can exceed amount available Congestion packets queue, wait for link use Store and forward packets move one hop at a time l
transmit over link l
wait turn at next link Computer Networking and Management
Page 15 of 44

Note l
Bandwidth is not divided into pieces ”
l
There is NO dedicated allocation and l
NO resource reservation
Sequence of AB packets does not have fixed pattern -
statistical multiplexing.
In TDM each host gets same slot in revolving TDM frame. This diagram illustrates a simple packet-switched network. Suppose Hosts A and Bare sending packets to Host E. Hosts A and B first send their packets along the 10 Mbps link to the first packet switch. The packet switch directs these packets to the 1.544 Mbps link. If there is congestion at this link, the packets queue in the link's output buffer before they can be transmitted onto the link. Consider now how Host A and Host B packets are transmitted onto this link. As shown in the above diagram, the sequence of A and B packets does not follow any periodic ordering the ordering is random or statistical because packets are sent whenever they happen to be present at the link. For this reason, we often say that packet switching employs statistical multiplexing. Computer Networking and Management
Page 16 of 44

Statistical multiplexing sharply contrasts with time -division multiplexing (TDM), for which each host gets the same slot in a revolving TDM frame.

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