13NFL1-Compulsory Voting Page 6 of 163 www.victorybriefs.com THERE ARE HIGH RATES OF INVALID VOTES IN COUNTRIES SUCH AS BRAZIL THAT HAVE COMPULSORY VOTING. ............................................................................................................................125 P OLITICS ....................................................................................................................................... 126 ANY PUSH TO INSTITUTE COMPULSORY VOTING WOULD BEAN UPHILL POLITICAL BATTLE. ......126 R ATIONAL C HOICE ......................................................................................................................... 127 ACCORDING TO RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY, VOLUNTARY VOTING IS PREFERABLE TO COMPULSORY VOTING. ............................................................................................................................127 R ESOURCES .................................................................................................................................. 128 COMPULSORY VOTING IS TOO MUCH OF A DRAIN ON RESOURCES.................................................128 R ESULT S KEW ............................................................................................................................... 129 STUDIES SHOW THAT COMPULSORY VOTING ACTUALLY MAKES IT MORE LIKELY FOR THE LESS POPULAR CANDIDATE TO WIN. COMPULSORY VOTING DOES NOT GIVE ANY PARTY AN ELECTORAL ADVANTAGE. ......................130 V OTING B ADLY ............................................................................................................................... 131 WE HAVE AMORAL OBLIGATION NOT TO CAST AN UNEDUCATED VOTE, EVEN IF ONE VOTE DOESN’T MAKE A DIFFERENCE. VOTING BADLY HARMS SOCIETY. COMPULSORY VOTING DISTORTS THE TRUE WILL OF THE MAJORITY BY CAUSING INDIFFERENT VOTERS TO ENGAGE IN HERD BEHAVIOR. RANDOM VOTING DOES NOT SOLVE DISPROPORTIONATE POLITICAL INFLUENCE .......................134 O VERINCLUSIVENESS ..................................................................................................................... 135 OVERINCLUSIVENESS IS A PROBLEM FOR DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY ............................................135 AT A USTRALIA ............................................................................................................................... 136 THE AUSTRALIAN SYSTEM IS INEFFICIENT. ..........................................................................................136 AT A UTONOMY .............................................................................................................................. 137 ABSTAINING FROM VOTING DOES NOT VIOLATE ONES AUTONOMY. ...............................................137 AT C HARACTER V OTING ................................................................................................................. 138 EVEN IF PEOPLE CAN INTUITIVELY VOTE BASED ON CHARACTER, THAT IS STILL BAD VOTING. .138 AT C IVIC A WARENESS ................................................................................................................... 139 COMPULSORY VOTING DO ESN’T ACTUALLY PROMOTE CIVIC AWARENESS- IN FACT, IT ENCOURAGES MORE UNINFORMED VOTES. ........................................................................................139 AT C IVIC D UTY .............................................................................................................................. 140 CITIZENS SHOULDN ’T BE REQUIRED TO VOTE TO PLAY THEIR PART IN DEMOCRACY. EVEN IF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IS INTRINSICALLY VALUABLE, IT DOES NOT FOLLOW THAT ALL ELECTORAL PARTICIPATION IS VALUABLE COMPULSORY VOTING UNDERMINES THE VIRTUE OF DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION AND THE VALUE OF POLITICAL EQUALITY THE ETHICS OF VOTING ARE AMBIGUOUS PEOPLE MAY REASONABLY CHOOSE TO ABSTAIN EFFECTIVE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION REQUIRES COORDINATED ACTION, WHICH MEANS PEOPLE HAVE TO BE FREE TO SHAPE THE NATURE OF THEIR POLITICAL PARTICIPATION .........144 AT C IVIC E DUCATION ..................................................................................................................... 145