13NFL1-Compulsory Voting Page 7 of 163 www.victorybriefs.com STUDIES SHOW COMPULSORY VOTING ONLY BRINGS DISINTERESTED VOTERS TO THE POLLS COMPULSORY VOTING MAKES IT LESS LIKELY THAT THE RESULT WILL BE INLINE WITH CITIZENS PREFERENCES. VOLUNTARY VOTING SUPPORTS UNIVERSAL ENFRANCHISEMENT ..................................................147 AT C OUNTRIES .............................................................................................................................. 148 OF THE COUNTRIES WITH COMPULSORY VOTING SYSTEMS, ONLY A FRACTION ENFORCE IT, AND HIGH TURNOUT IS DUE TO OTHER FACTORS. ......................................................................................148 AT E QUAL R EPRESENTATION ......................................................................................................... 149 STUDIES SHOW THAT COMPULSORY VOTING DOES N’T ACTUALLY PROMOTE EQUAL REPRESENTATION. ITS FAIRER TO GIVE MORE WEIGHT TO THE VOICES OF THOSE AFFECTED BY PARTICULAR POLICIES AND DECISIONS RATHER THAN ENSURE THAT EVERYONE PARTICIPATES EQUALLY. IT DOES NOT NECESSARILY FOLLOW THAT ALL POLITICAL INEQUALITIES NEED TO BE LEVELED DIFFERENTIAL VOTER TURNOUT RATES MAY SIMPLY EMPOWER THOSE WITH A GREATER INTEREST IN THE OUTCOME OF A VOTE VOLUNTARY VOTING ALLOWS INTENSE MINORITIES TO ASSERT THEIR INTERESTS MORE STRONGLY .................................................................................................................................................153 AT F REE - RIDING ............................................................................................................................ 154 FREE- RIDING DOESN’T JUSTIFY COMPULSORY VOTING. THE POOR DON’T VOTE BECAUSE OF ACCESS BARRIERS, NOT APATHY. .......................................155 AT I NEQUALITY .............................................................................................................................. 156 COMPULSORY VOTING DO ESN’T ALLEVIATE SOCIAL INEQUALITY. ...................................................156 AT L IBERAL D UTY .......................................................................................................................... 157 THE LIBERAL ARGUMENT FOR COMPULSORY VOTING IS FALSE. .....................................................157 AT S ELF -I NTEREST ........................................................................................................................ 158 PEOPLE CAN’T BE FORCED TO VOTE JUST BECAUSE IT MIGHT BE IN THEIR SELF INTEREST. BECAUSE ALTRUISM MAYBE A REASONABLE JUSTIFICATION TO FORGO SELF-INTEREST, IT IS UNREASONABLE TO FORCE PEOPLE TO DO SOMETHING JUST BECAUSE IT IS IN THEIR BEST INTERESTS VOTING IS NOT ALWAYS IN PEOPLE’S INTEREST SIMPLY HAVING THE RIGHT TO VOTE IS SUFFICIENT TO PROTECT OUR INTERESTS DEMOCRACY ASSUMES THAT ONE MAY FORGO SELF-INTEREST BY ALTRUISTIC VOTING AND ASSUMES THAT THERE IS ALWAYS A RISK TO ELECTORAL POLITICS, SO FORCING PEOPLE TO VOTE OUT OF SELF-INTEREST IS NOT JUSTIFIED ................................................................................162 A2 R EDUCES G OVERNMENT S PENDING P ROGRAMS ........................................................................ 163 A2 CRAIN AND LEONARD STUDY WRONG VARIABLES, IMPLAUSIBLE REGRESSION .....................163