21st Century Grammar Handbook



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21st century grammar
21st century grammar, transformation, transformation, - - - .pdf;filename*= UTF-8''অনুবাদ চর্চা (প্রথম আলো পত্রিকা থেকে-২৯-০৩-২০২০)-1, 21st century grammar
participle
forms.
Swing, swung, swung. An irregular verb in its main, past tense, and past participle
forms.
Swung. See swing.
Syllabification. See syllable.
Syllable, syllabi cation. Words fall into more or less natural segments that are called syllables It is important to know where syllables fall in order to add
hyphens when words are divided between lines typographically:
“Where should the hyphen go in this sentence?”
In the example one word is hyphenated at the end of a syllable, but another word could have been broken across lines as well sentence No other word in the

example should be hyphenated at a line end because all the other words are single- syllable words, which should never be hyphenated.
Many patterns of syllabication do not follow the segmentation suggested by the sound of words. It is necessary to check a dictionary to be sure that all words divided over lines are broken correctly.
Some general rules exist to guide hyphenation choices, but they should be followed with caution and a dictionary consulted inmost instances. If a computer program divides words for you, be careful that it is following the standard dictionaries and not applying rules that can fool you and it.
Symbol. typographical elements that appear in documents but that are not letters,
punctuation, numbers, or the like are called symbols You get 10% o on that purchase The percent sign (%) is a symbol.
Other common symbols include @, #, $, &, *, +, =, and ø. Informal nonscienti c, noneconomic writing these symbols are usually spelled out rather than appearing as symbols. The major exception is the dollar sign ($), which is acceptable in any prose. As our lives become more pervaded by science, economics, business,
and other kinds of writing and thinking that commonly use symbols, it becomes more acceptable not to spell them out in many circumstances. The percent sign is increasingly common in more formal writing. See scientific language.
The use of symbols rather than spelling them out can also be used for emphasis:
“Communism = socialism + electri cation This old slogan from the time of the
Russian Revolution was rst coined in a speech. But it was later written with symbols to suggest that communism was a mathematical and scienti c certainty and not just apolitical system.
Consult any local or specific style manuals that guide writing for your audience.
Synonym. Words that mean more or less the same thing are called “synonyms”:
“‘Short’ and ‘shrimpy’ are synonyms, although one is simply descriptive and the other is too colloquial to use informal statements about people Very often synonyms have similar de nitions but quite di erent qualities, as in the example.
For that reason, synonyms cannot simply be substituted for other words to vary or enliven your statements. You must pay attention not just to the basic meaning of a word but also to what it suggests—to its connotation, which can vary depending on the circumstances and the audience. So you should be cautious when you use a regular dictionary or a special dictionary of synonyms choose synonyms not only for their similar senses but for the affect they will have on those who hear or read them.



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