21st Century Grammar Handbook



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21st century grammar
21st century grammar, transformation, transformation, - - - .pdf;filename*= UTF-8''অনুবাদ চর্চা (প্রথম আলো পত্রিকা থেকে-২৯-০৩-২০২০)-1, 21st century grammar
An. See a.
And. The coordinating conjunction and links two or more things or people, phrases,
clauses, or other grammatical, logical, or natural entities. Usually, the things that
“and” puts together are of equal weight or signi cance (coordinate. Avoid the construction “and/or” unless the logic of a statement must be extremely precise.
A comma usually comes before and when it links more than two nouns, pronouns,
adjectives, adverbs, phrases, or other words or groups of words that are not independent clauses The man, the woman, and the boy looked at the pond, the

duck standing on the shore, and the large, red, and shiny umbrella This poor, run-
on sentence illustrates the use of the comma in several instances of a series joined by
“and,” and it shows why most standard English styles prefer to retain the second comma in such series—to make it clear what belongs to each series and when anew series begins. However, many styles prefer the economy of dropping the second comma in a series (particularly newspapers and often business writing. Adopt the style that is most likely to suit your audience.
Commas also appear before and when it introduces an independent clause The woman looked at the duck, and the man stood on the shore Be sure not to use a comma before and when it links compound verbs or compound subjects, adjectives,
predicates, and soon. WRONG The man, and the woman looked longingly to sea.”
No comma is needed in this sentence.
Traditionally, writing teachers and guides have warned against starting sentences
with and But many good writers commonly do so to good e ect. Just as too strict observance of this rule limits your exibility in writing, so overindulgence in breaking it is not wise. Too many sentences that begin with and can indicate a failure on your part to think through the logical and grammatical connections between your thoughts and the way you express them. And it can get boring.

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