2.3.1 Prevention: Article 3 of the EU Waste Framework Directive explains waste prevention as, measures taken before a substance, material or product has become waste. Such measures are aimed at reducing waste quantity in other words, what should have gone into the waste stream is held back byway of reuse or extension of its useful life (European Commission, 2008). Ina similar fashion, US EPA (2017) refers to efforts taken to reduce waste generation at source as waste prevention, and such could include, reuse of materials or reduction in packaging, etc. In the Canadian waste policy, the hierarchy also makes a case for reduction of waste before it is deposited into the waste stream to mean the same thing as, prevention as noted by Giroux & Bury 11
12 (2014). There is therefore an agreement that, as much as possible, people are encouraged to consider usability options of a material before discarding such, as waste, into the waste stream.
