Themes of the American Civil War
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| Review 32 (1946), pp. 541–56; Richard S. Hartigan, Lieber’s Code and the Laws of War (Chicago, IL, James E. Sefton, The United States Army and Reconstruction, 1865–1877 (Baton Rouge, LA Joseph G. Dawson III, Army Generals and Reconstruction Louisiana, Baton Rouge, LA, Daniel E. Sutherland, Abraham Lincoln, John Pope, and the Origins of Total War Journal of Military History 56 (1992), p. 567. See also Lance Janda, Shutting the Gates of Mercy The American Origins of Total War, 1860–1880,” ibid. 59 (1995), pp. See especially Neely, Was the Civil War a Total War In contrast to Neely’s contention that it was not a total war, seethe conclusions in Robert A. Doughty et al., Warfare in the Western World: Military Operations from 1600 to 1871 (Lexington, MA, 1996), pp. 322, 388, J. F. C. Fuller, The Generalship of Ulysses S. Grant (New York, 1929), p. 41; Fuller, Grant and Lee: A Study in Personality and Generalship (London, 1933; repr. Bloomington, IN, 1957), p. John B. Walters, General William T. Sherman and Total War Journal of Southern History 14 (1949), pp. 447–80, quotes on p. 457; John B. Walters, Merchant of Terror General Sherman and Total War (Indianapolis, IN, 1973); Sherman to Salmon P. Chase, August 11, 1862, in William T. Sherman, Memoirs, 2 vols. (New York, 1875) I, p. 266. Gen. Sherman to Sen. John Sherman, August 26, 1862, in Rachel S. Thorndike, ed, The Sherman Letters (New York, pp. 159–60; Sherman to Grant, October 4, 1862, The War of the Rebellion A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 128 books in eighty volumes (Washington, DC, 1880–1901), Series 1, Vol. XVII, Part 2, p. T. Harry Williams, Lincoln and his Generals (New York, 1952), pp. vii–viii, 3, 304–7; Williams, History of American Wars from 1745 to 1918 (New York, 1981), pp. 202–3. In another work Williams also hedged Trite it maybe to say that the Civil War was the first of the modern wars, but this is a truth that needs to be repeated. If the Civil War was not quite total, it missed totality by only a narrow margin Williams, Americans at War (Baton Rouge, LA, 1960), p. 47. See also the qualification of total war by James McPherson, Drawn with the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War (New York, 1996), pp. Frank E. Vandiver, Rebel Brass The Confederate Command System (Baton Rouge, LA, pp. 61, 123, 125. Bruce Catton, The Generalship of Ulysses S. Grant in Grady McWhiney, ed., Grant, Lee, Lincoln, and the Radicals (New York, 1966), p. 8. See also Catton, America Goes to War (Middletown, CT, 1958), esp. pp. 14, 20. Russell F. Weigley, The American Way of War A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy (New York, 1973), p. 150; Emory M. Thomas, The Confederacy as a Revolutionary Experience (Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1971), p. 135; Phillip S. Paludan, A People’s Contest The Union and the Civil War (New York, p. 296; McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 857; McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution (New York, 1990), pp. A convenient discussion of troop strengths is Long, Civil War Day by Day, pp. Paul Van Riper and Harry W. Scheiber, The Confederate Civil Service Journal of Southern History 25 (1959), pp. 448–70; Vandiver, Rebel Brass, pp. 14–15, 88–107, 115–21; Emory M. Thomas, The Confederate Nation (New York, 1979), pp. 134–5, 206–14, 265; Richard F. Bensel, Yankee Leviathan The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1859–1877 (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 113–18, 131–2, 146–51, 159, 167–72, McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, pp. 816–18; Bensel, Yankee Leviathan, pp. 113–18, 131–2, 146–51, 159, 167–72, 181–98; Paul Van Riper and Keith A. Sutherland, The Northern Civil Service,” Civil War History 11 (1965), pp. Joseph T. Glatthaar, Forged in Battle The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers (New York, 1990); Glatthaar, Black Glory The African-American Role in Union Victory,” Gabor S. Boritt, ed, Why the Confederacy Lost (New York, 1992), pp. 133–62; Dudley The First of the Modern Wars? • 79 T. Cornish, The Sable Arm Negro Troops in the Union Army, 1861–1865 (New York, See also Allan Nevins, The War for the Union, 4 vols. (New York, 1960–71) II, pp. Mark E. Neely, Jr, The Fate of Liberty Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties (New York, Frank L. Klement, Dark Lanterns Secret Political Societies, Conspiracies, and Treason Trials in the Civil War (Baton Rouge, LA, 1984); George C. Rable, The Confederate Republic A Revolution against Politics (Chapel Hill, NC, 1994), pp. 143–4, pp. 158–60, pp. Patricia Lucie, Confiscation Constitutional Crossroads Civil War History 23 (1977), pp. 307–21; Grimsley, Hard Hand of War, pp. 68–71, 123; E. Merton Coulter, The Confederate States of America (Baton Rouge, LA, 1950), pp. George C. Rable, Civil Wars Women, and the Crisis of Southern Nationalism (Urbana, IL, and McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, pp. 449–50, pp. McClellan to Hill Carter, July 11, 1862, in Stephen W. Sears, ed, The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan Selected Correspondence, 1860–1865 (New York, 1989), p. 352. See also Grimsley, Hard Hand of War, pp. 31–5, 74–5, 136–7, and Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan, the Young Napoleon (New York, Marshall, quoted in Fuller, Grant and Lee, p. 252; Wartime Papers of RE. Lee, Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin, eds. (Boston, MA, 1961), p. 106; Williams, Lincoln and his Generals, pp. 312–14; Gary W. Gallagher, The Confederate War (Cambridge, MA, Sutherland, Lincoln, Pope, and Total War pp. 570–86; Grimsley, Hard Hand of War, pp. 85–92. In contrast to Pope, Confederate General Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson was a marvellous tactical commander, but like Pope he voiced some harsh rhetoric. Not content to maintain the defensive, Jackson wanted to invade his country the North and do him all possible damage in the shortest possible time Friends and enemies alike rated Jackson as audacious, relentless, and almost merciless. See Charles Royster, The Destructive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and the Americans (New York, 1991), p. and passim. 32. Sherman to Grant, November 6, 1864, Official Records, Vol. 39, Part 3, p. 660. An excellent study of the campaigns is Joseph T. Glatthaar, The March to the Sea and Beyond Sherman’s Troops in the Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns (New York, 1985), esp. pp. xii, 119–55. John G. Barrett, Sherman’s March through the Carolinas (Chapel Hill, NC, 1956), pp. 16, 25, likewise concludes that Sherman’s campaign deserved to be classified as total war See also Paludan, A People’s Contest, pp. 291, 302. For other perspectives see B. H. Liddell Hart, Sherman: Soldier, Realist, American (New York, 1925), pp. 425–31, and Royster, Destructive War, pp. 354–8. 33. Everard H. Smith, “Chambersburg: Anatomy of a Confederate Reprisal American Historical Review 96 (1991), pp. 432–55; Gary W. Gallagher, ed, Struggle for the Shenandoah Essays on the 1864 Valley Campaign (Kent, OH, 1991), esp. pp. 1–18; Jeffry D. Wert, From Winchester to Cedar Creek The Shenandoah Campaign of 1864 (Carlisle, PA, 1987); Philip H. Sheridan, Personal Memoirs of PH. Sheridan, 2 vols. (New York, 1888) I, p. Herman Hattaway and Archer Jones, How the North Won A Military History of the Civil War (Urbana, IL, 1983), pp. Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of US. Grant, 2 vols. (New York, 1881) I, pp. Ibid Janda, Shutting the Gates of Mercy American Origins of Total Warp. Grant to Sherman, April 4, 1865, Official Records, Series 1, Vol. 32, Part 3, pp. 245–6; James P. Jones, Yankee Blitzkrieg Wilson’s Raid through Alabama and Georgia (Athens, GA, For introductions to the guerrillas, see Michael Fellman, Inside War The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri during the American Civil War (New York, 1989); Jeffry D. Wert, Mosby’s Rangers (New York, 1990); Richard E. Beringer, Herman Hattaway, Archer Jones, and William N. Still, Jr., Why the South lost the Civil War (Athens, GA, 1986), pp. 339–51, 430–2, 436–8; Grimsley, Hard Hand of War, pp. Roy P. Basler et al., eds, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 9 vols. (New Brunswick, NJ, 1953–55) VII, p. 435; McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, pp. Fora sharply contrasting interpretation of these developments see Neely, Was the Civil War a Total War Civil War History 37 (1991), pp. 6–7. See also Edward C. Kirkland, The Peacemakers of 1864 (New York, 1927), pp. 253, 258; William C. Davis, Jefferson Davis, the Man and his Houri (New York, 1991), pp. 592–4. Lincoln’s eleventh-hour proposal for compensated emancipation was outlined in a message to Congress, February 5, 1865, in Basler et al., eds, Works of Lincoln VIII, pp. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 854; Long, Civil War Day by Day Download 2.25 Mb. Share with your friends:
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