Themes of the American Civil War

Wartime supporters of black suffrage considered several forms of franchise reform. At the conservative end of the scale partial suffrage involved the imposition of certain tests on potential black voters alone (e.g., literacy tests, military service, payment of taxes. Impartial
(or equal) suffrage required such tests to be applied to blacks and whites alike. The most radical reformers favored universal suffrage which would confer the ballot on all adult males regardless of color.
3.
R. Purvis, quoted in N. Salvatore, We All Got History The Memory Books of Amos Webber
(New York, 1997), p. J. Schor, Henry Highland Garnet A Voice of Black Radicalism in the Nineteenth (Westport, CT,
and London, 1977), p. F. Douglass, We ask only for our rights (September 4, 1855) in J. W. Blassingame, ed, The
Frederick Douglass Papers, Series Ii Speechesi, Debates, and Interviews III (New Haven, CT, and
London, 1985), p. TL. McLaughlin, Grassroots Attitudes toward Black Rights in Twelve Non-slave-holding
States, 1846–1869,” Mid-America 56 (1974), p. 176. The Wisconsin referendum should be treated as anomalous because large numbers of voters ensured the defeat of black suffrage in by refusing to vote on the issue.
7.
R. J. Cook, Baptism of Fire The Republican Party in Iowa, 1838–1878 (Ames, IA, 1994), p. PF. Field, Republicans and Black Suffrage in New York State The Grassroots Response,”
Civil War History 22 (1975), pp. HF. Douglass, cited in J. M. McPherson, ed, The Negro’s Civil War How American Blacks
Felt and Acted during the War for the Union (New York, 1991), p. Douglass, quoted in McPherson, The Negro’s Civil War, p. D. W. Blight, Frederick Douglass Civil War Keeping Faith in Jubilee (Baton Rouge, LA, and
London, 1989), p. F. Douglass, The Proclamation and the Negro Army (February 6, 1863) in Blassingame,
Douglass Papers III, pp. F. Douglass, The Present and Future of the Colored Race in America (May 15, 1863) in
Blassingame, Douglass Papers III, pp. E. Bates to SP. Chase, November 29, 1862, in J. M. McClure, L. Johnson, K. Norman, and
M. Vanderlan, eds, Circumventing the Dred Scott Decision Edward Bates, Salmon P. Chase,
and the Citizenship of African-Americans,” Civil War History 43 (1997), pH. K. Beale, ed, The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866 (Washington, DC, 1933), p. SP. Chase to E. Bates, September 24, 1862, in McClure et al., “Dred Scott Decision p. Chase to J. M. McKaye, July 25, 1863, Salmon P. Chase Papers (UPA microfilm edition, reel, frame Chase to T. J. Durant, November 19, 1863, Chase Papers, frames Durant to Chase, December 4, 1863, Chase Papers, reel 30, frame Chase to Durant, December 28, 1863, Chase Papers, reel 30, frame Chase to Durant, December 28, 1863, Chase Papers, reel 30, frame H. Greeley to Chase, December 31, 1863, Chase Papers, reel 30, frame T. Tunnell, Crucible of Reconstruction War, Radicalism, and Race in Louisiana, 1862–1877
(Baton Rouge, LA, and London, 1984), p. A. Lincoln to M. Hahn, March 13, 1864, in Basler, Collected Works VII, p. F. Douglass, Representatives of the Future South (April 12, 1864), in J. W. Blassingame and JR. McKivigan, eds, The Frederick Douglass Papers I, p. iv (New Haven, CT, and London, pp. H. J. Raymond to JR. Doolittle, April 30, 1864, JR. Doolittle Papers, Library of Congress
(mic).
27.
J. M. McPherson, The Struggle for Equality Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and
Reconstruction (Princeton, NJ, 1964), p. T. Dennett, Lincoln and the Civil War in the Diaries and Letters of John Hay (New York, pp. Springfield MA Weekly Republican, March 11, 1865, p. Chase to Lincoln, April 11, 1865, in Basler, Collected Works VIII, p. 401 n.
31.
D. Donald, ed, Inside Lincoln’s Cabinet The Civil War Diaries of Salmon P. Chase (New York,
London, and Toronto, 1954), p. Black Suffrage
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