Chapter Four Globalization and Regionalism
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- Functionalists and neo-functionalists
- Thomas George
| vs. transactionalism : – transactionalism defines integration as ab condition and the attainment of integration • Is measured by the existence of a security community. – Neo functionalists determine integration as ab process – EG: political integration is the process where political actors in several distinct national settings are persuaded to shift their loyalties, expectations and political activities towards anew center, which posses or demand jurisdiction over the preexisting national states. The end result anew political community, superimposed over the preexisting one • Neo functionalism focuses on political agency. Considers integration as a process with special focus on political integration • Spillover is another important concept for neo functionalists According to Lindberg, spillover is a condition that a given action leads to a certain goal and that arranges a condition for the creation of ab bnew action • Spillover in regional integration depends the process of integration Functionalists and neo-functionalists presume that cooperation across national borders particularly in the economic field spreads out to other sectors and this spillover finally leads to the formation of supranational institutions and to the diminishing role of the nation state. • Karns and Mingst: functionalism is applicable at both regional and global levels They consider IGOs as functional institutions as the IGOs have specific mandates, link to economic issues and limited membership which is often related to geographic region • Thomas George: functionalism is a global approach rather than a regional approach – neo-functionalism is derived from the functionalist doctrine and was applied in a regional context with some modification |