FIGURE 5. INTERNET EXCHANGE MAP BY TELEGEOGRAPHY

GUÍA DE
CIBERDEFENSA
ORIENTACIONES PARA EL DISEÑO, PLANEAMIENTO, IMPLANTACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE UNA CIBERDEFENSA MILITAR
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and databases that standard web search-engines (Google, Yahoo, Bing) cannot index and, therefore, is an ideal environment to carryout traceless activities. Unlike the surface web, the information and traffic that runs on the deep web cannot be easily found or observed by users. The hidden web is a set of closed communities with access restricted only to authorized members. Communities, such as scientific, academic, or governmental, may have lawful interests or they maybe criminal organizations with malicious purposes. The hidden web is characterized by anonymity, using specific browsers such as TOR (The Onion Router. Nothing that is done on the hidden web can be tracked or associated with the originator’s identity, unless that originator wills it.
045.
The hidden web is part of the overall Internet that must be considered in cyber defense, both for protection against malicious activities and, also, for performing legitimate confidential or dangerous activities that require an isolated environment.

GUÍA DE
CIBERDEFENSA
ORIENTACIONES PARA EL DISEÑO, PLANEAMIENTO, IMPLANTACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE UNA CIBERDEFENSA MILITAR
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GUÍA DE
CIBERDEFENSA
ORIENTACIONES PARA EL DISEÑO, PLANEAMIENTO, IMPLANTACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE UNA CIBERDEFENSA MILITAR
21 At the NATO Warsaw Summit 2016, allies recognized cyberspace as another domain of
operations. Specifically, the paragraph 70 of the communiqué states that “Cyberattacks present a clear challenge to the security of the Alliance and could be as harmful to modern societies as a conventional attack. We agreed in Wales that cyber defence is part of NATO’s core task of collective defence. Now, in Warsaw, we reaffirm NATO’s defensive mandate, and recognise cyberspace as a domain of operations in which NATO must defend itself as effectively as it does in the air, on land, and at sea. This will improve NATO’s ability to protect and conduct operations across these domains and maintain our freedom of action and decision, in all circumstances. It will support NATO’s broader deterrence and defence cyber defence will continue to be integrated into operational planning and Alliance operations and missions, and we will work together to contribute to their success.”
047.
NATO, in fact, did nothing more than confirm a fact cyberspace is being used daily by armed forces of many States as yet another capability an operation commander can avail himself of to produce strategic effects on the adversary.

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