EN 20 EN 8.4. Staff mobility Experience has provided abundant evidence that cross-border exchanges not only improve language skills but can considerably boost overall staff competence, motivation and self-confidence. Transnational staff mobility should be part of a broader cooperation project involving institutions and schools. Partnerships and mutual exchanges, supported by multilingual information tools, are key success factors in this process. The Lifelong Learning Programme and the European Regional Development Fund, as well as Member State programmes, provide various opportunities for partnerships and mobility. However, in a number of countries staff involved in language activities in pre- primary settings do not take advantage of these mobility opportunities, either because they are simply not informed or because they are not entitled. Family responsibilities and a general unwillingness on the part of pre-primary establishments to release staff may also be responsible for the low uptake of mobility opportunities. The Comenius assistantship action, financed by the Lifelong Learning Programme, provides an opportunity for future teachers to raise awareness of their native language and culture in the host schools, regardless of whether it is part of the formal curriculum. This practice could be further encouraged as a means to highlight linguistic and cultural diversity. 8.5. Native speakers Exposure to native speech can produce remarkable results, particularly in the development of aural and oral skills. Contact with native speakers brings direct experience of linguistic and cultural diversity. The involvement of native-speaking staff in fostering their first language/mother tongue as a foreign language should therefore be promoted. There area number of options available for involving native-speaking staff. They may, for example, be recruited by providing additional positions within the school structure, or they maybe seconded teachers or assistants from abroad. When native-speaking staff are involved, they should possess the right pedagogical and intercultural skills for ELL. Visiting staff from another country/culture in particular need to understand the specific nature of the learning environment of their host culture. To help them integrate host countries should offer training opportunities and adequate support.