Summary: book "Britain for Learners of English", James O'Driscoll



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The White Man’s Burden
a condescending view of undeveloped national culture and economic traditions, identified as a sense of European ascendancy which has been called "cultural imperialism"
Queen Victoria
She reigned from 1837-1907. During her reign, although the modern powerlessness of the monarch was confirmed (she was sometimes forced to accept as Prime Minister people whom she personally disliked, she herself became an increasingly popular symbol of Britain’s success in the world. As a hardworking, religious mother often children, devoted to her husband, Prince Albert, she was regarded as the personification of contemporary morals. The idea that the monarch should set an example to the people in such matters was unknown before this time and has created problems for the monarchy since then.
Jane Grey
was the cousin of Edward VI (son of Henry VIII) Edward wanted her to be queen rather than her catholic cousin Mary. However she was only queen for nine days before Mary overthrew her and had her beheaded.
Important dates in the nineteenth century
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1833; the first law regulating factory working conditions limits the number of hours that children are allowed to work. Slavery is made illegal throughout the British Empire.
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1868; the TUC (Trades Union Congress) is formed. No idea what the fuck that is.
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1886; after much debate, an atheist is allowed to sit in the House of Commons (kind of tweede kamer).
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1893; the first socialist, Keir Hardie, is elected to parliament. He enters the House of Commons for the first time wearing a cloth cap (which remained a symbol of the British workingman until the s.
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1902; nationwide selective secondary school is introduced.
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1908; the first old-age pensions are introduced.
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1911; the power of the House of Lords (eerste kamer) is severely reduced and sick pay for most workers is introduced (vast contract-ziektewet).
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1914; Great Britain declares war on Germany. Until s the first WW was known in Britain as The Great War. Distributing prohibited | Downloaded by Ngan Tien (nganctddongnai@yahoo.com.vn)
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1916; the Easter Rising in Ireland.
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1918; the right to vote is extended to women.
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1920; partition of Ireland.
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1921; treaty between Britain and the Irish Parliament in Dublin.
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1926; General Strike.
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1928; the right to vote is extended again, all adults can vote.
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1939; Britain declares war on Germany.
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1942; the Beveridge report is published, which leads to eventual creation of the NHS.
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1944; free compulsory education (up to the age of 15) is established.
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1946; the National Health Service is established. Coalmines and railways are nationalized.
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1949; Ireland becomes a republic.

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