| Flight Examiner Manual Module 1 - General 11 4.0 Examiner requirements & privileges Examiners are the main evaluators of entry standards for the aviation system. As such, they should set the example for their respective professions. They must have a thorough knowledge of the licensing system, high personal integrity and portray a professional and prepared approach to the conduct of any test. This is attested by a certificate, which authorises the Examiner to conduct skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence. Therefore, when conducting a skill test or proficiency check, Examiners are not acting on a delegation from their licencing authority but exercising the privileges that are given to them by the certificate they hold VII Additionally, to comply with the Basic Regulation, holders of an Examiner certificate shall (1) hold, unless otherwise determined in the Aircrew Regulation, an equivalent licence, rating or certificate to the ones for which they are authorised to conduct skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence and the privilege to instruct for them (2) be qualified to act as PIC in the aircraft during a skill test, proficiency check or assessment of competence if conducted on the aircraft. 4.1 Limitations of Privileges in Case of Vested Interests ICAO requires that States shall ensure that personnel performing safety oversight functions are provided with guidance that addresses ethics, personal conduct and the avoidance of actual or perceived conflicts of interest in the performance of official duties VIII In this respect, the Aircrew Regulation requires that Examiners shall not conduct: (a) skill tests or assessments of competence of candidates for the issue of a licence, rating or certificate to whom they have provided more than 25 % of the required flight instruction for the licence, rating or certificate for which the skill test or assessment of competence is being taken and b) skill tests, proficiency checks or assessments of competence whenever they feel that their objectivity maybe affected The Aircrew Regulation gives guidance of situations where the Examiner should consider if their objectivity is affected. The examples given are when the Candidate is a relative or a friend of the Examiner, or when they are linked by economic interests or political affiliations, etc. It is not possible to set out every situation where an Examiner may feel their objectivity maybe compromised. In reality, Examiners conducting tests are often very specialised on an aircraft class or type and maybe working in a specific environment where it is not practical to find another available qualified Examiner, for example Type Rating Examiners operating/rostered in an airline environment or, • Type/Class rating Examiners qualified on certain high-performance aeroplane types, or multi/single engine aeroplane classes or VII Evaluation report on the implementation of Aircrew Regulation (Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011), Part-FCL, Subpart K Examiners VIII Conflicts of Interest in Civil Aviation Consolidation of ICAO Provisions July 2019