Assessing efficient cold chain management practices in the health sector and its impact on service delivery in ghana: a study of komfo anokye teaching hospital, kumasi docx



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ColdChain
2.2.4.4 Efficient Management
According to the World Health Organization (WHO, program planning and administration are important parts of a well-functioning vaccination program system. Effective management is critical in the vaccine cold chain to provide continuous supervision and control of vaccine supply and storage. The success of cold chain storage, handling, stock management,
temperature control throughout the cold chain, and adequate logistics management information systems depend on effective cold chain management. Inventory management,
equipment maintenance, access control concerns, power supply, and quality improvement activities are all part of efficient management (Rogers at alb. Guidelines for inventory management and recordkeeping systems are provided by the CDC (2021) and the WHO. Vaccine access, expiry dates, stock rotation, inventory accounting, stock calculations,
and vaccine orders are all part of efficient inventory management, according to the CDC. Only authorized and trained persons should have access to vaccines, according to
Rogers et alb. According to the CDC (2021), this would protect the vaccination supply against unskilled employees mishandling and removing vaccines.
WHO also warns vaccination management program staff that diluents received with vaccines may have varied expiration dates (WHO, 2002). Inventory accounting keeps track of stock levels to ensure that vaccinations are used and ordered efficiently. Stock levels should be calculated based on the number of vaccinations planned to be administered, the amount of vaccines that can be securely kept, and the period between ordering and receiving new shipments (Rogers, b. According to the CDC (2021), Validating the running count may
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be done by comparing the actual vaccination stock count to the recordkeeping form. The
CDC also recommends using tally sheets to maintain track of vaccination delivery without changing the stock recordkeeping form for each dosage. Cold chain management is a complicated problem that includes vaccine predictions, ordering frequency, storage capacity,
and planning (WHO, 2009). To ensure proper supply levels while limiting overstocking and waste, forecasting of anticipated consumption and ordering frequency is critical (Rogers et alb. Limiting stock levels to operational demands will save waste in the case of vaccine cold chain failures, which might threaten a year's worth of vaccine inventory unnecessarily. In contrast, an efficient stock level would only put three months' worth of vaccine inventory at risk (ibid. When evaluating stock level consumption, the WHO
forecasting and planning tools are good resources to consult (WHO, 2009). Stock levels of vaccines and diluents should not exceed the capacity of refrigeration systems on-hand storage space while planning vaccine and diluent stock levels (Rogers, 2010b).

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