Aquatecture submitted by Vinaya Dhone Guided by Prof. Saurabh Paliwal
Assistant Professor Architecture & Regional Planning Department Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Summary
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| Assistant Professor Architecture & Regional Planning Department Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Summary: The Concept of Flood and Cyclone Shelters in India first was introduced by Odisha Government and the proposal was guided by experts in IIT Kharagpur. The discussion and the references given were about the construction norm of such building typologies according to their observations in Odisha. Different types of flood (ref page 9) Multipurpose shelter requirements Flood shelters are one of the effective components of the preparedness programs under Flood disaster management. Flood shelters should be located at strategic nodal locations to cater to the relocation of a large sector of population during Floods. The total disaster management programs can be subdivided into three timeline functions i) Pre-relocation activities to makeshift arrangements to change the basic function of the building to flood shelter. It may take 1-2 days. ii) Active relocation stage, when the evacuated people will stay in the flood shelters. It may take 1-3 days. This will be designated as detention period. iii) Post-relocation activities to restore the original function of the building into its basic form. It may take 2-3 days. Principle requirements for flood shelter Accommodation of 3000-4000 relocated people from nearby settlement for 1 to 3 days. Active spaces for temporary storage of the valuable items of the relocated people. Adequate storage space for food grains, medicine, drinking water, baby food, Treatment area for injured, old and medically unfit people. Additional area to keep the cattle along with relocated family Service areas like toilet, bathrooms, makeshift kitchen and dining area. 18 Service systems including freshwater supply, healthy sanitary disposal, power and telecommunication. Occupancy Criterion The occupancy duration in a cyclone shelter is having two major components a) Total Occupancy Period Normally, the total occupancy period required fora flood is kept as 15-20 days. This period includes time from entering the people into the shelter, to the lock- downtime and finally, to the exit of occupants. b) Lock down Period People need to be occupied the shelter 12-24 hours before the actual intensified flood period (average 2-5 days max) or lock-down period. Typically, the lock-down period starts when the extreme requirement of closing the doors of the flood shelter arises. The lock-down period is generally of 2-4 days. Occasionally, it may extend to a maximum of 5 days. The flooding plaining system are divided in three major ZONES Fig. 14 – Flood Plains. Fig. 15 – Flood Plain Zones 6. Few structural concepts and area statements provide will be stated further in this report. Unsafe for Habitat Need water shade planning Habitat maybe considered with modifications 19 PART B LITERATURE STUDY • PROJECT: AQUATECTURE: FORMOSA, THE AMPHIBIOUS HOUSE Architecture BACA Architects Location Thames River, United Kingdom Project architect Richard Coutts Design team Baca Architects Robert Barker, Riccardo Pellizzon, Robert Pattison Structural engineer Techniker Hydrological engineer HR Wallingfords Fig. 16 – Amphibious Housing 1 Fig. 17 – Amphibious Housing 2 An amphibious house is a building that rests on the ground but whenever a flood occurs, the entire building rises in its dock, where it floats, buoyed by the floodwater. Amphibious construction brings together standard components from the construction and marine industries to create an intelligent solution to flooding. The house itself sits in the ground and the floating base is almost invisible from the outside. Amphibious designs can vary to suit the location and owners preferences. The amphibious design allowed the floor level to beset less than m above the ground level instead of m, had the house been static. This enabled a 225sqm bed dwelling to be constructed over three floors in place of the existing 1- storey 90sqm house without significantly increasing the ridge height, and therefore achieved full planning. Construction is slightly more expensive than mainstream house building due to the requirement for two foundation systems the dock and the hull but overall the costs are comparable to atypical basement extension, or around a 20-25% uplift on a similar size new house. The technology is ideally suited to areas of high flood-risk or if there is uncertainty regarding future flooding levels, as well as in historical or sensitive landscape settings where more heavy-handed solutions would be unacceptable. |