Part Accipitriformes to Charadriiformes
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21. The genus Capsiempis was merged into Phylloscartes by Traylor (1977, 1979a), but see Lanyon (1988a) for resurrection of the genus on morphological data, which suggest that Capsiempis was closer to Phaeomyias and Nesotriccus than to Phylloscartes. In terms of voice, Capsiempis is most like Inezia (Zimmer & Whittaker 2000). Genetic data (Tello et al. 2009) indicate that it is the sister to Phaeomyias + Phyllomyias (griseiceps). 21a. The name Habrura was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Pinto 1944, Phelps & Phelps 1950a) used for Polystictus, but see . 21b. Cory & Hellmayr (1927) and Fitzpatrick (2004) noted that evidence for treatment of Polystictus pectoralis and P. superciliaris as congeneric is weak 21c. Fitzpatrick (2004) noted that the possibly extinct subspecies bogotensis probably deserves treatment as a separate species from Polystictus pectoralis. Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990) suggested that the northern subspecies brevipennis might also deserve treatment as a separate species. 22. Sibley & Monroe (1990) considered Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis and P. dinelliana to form a superspecies. 22a. Pseudocolopteryx is feminine, so the correct spelling of the species name is dinelliana (David & Gosselin 2002b). 22aa. Ábalos & Areta (2009) provided evidence that P. flaviventris includes two cryptic species (P. flaviventris and P. citreola) that differ in vocalizations and displays, and do not respond to cross-playback experiments. SACC proposal passed to treat citreola as a species. 22b. Pseudotriccus pelzelni and P. simplex form a superspecies (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Fitzpatrick 2004) and might be conspecific (Fjeldså & Krabbe 1990, Fitzpatrick 2004). 22c. Called "Olive-crowned Pygmy-Tyrant" in Wetmore (1972). 22d. Pseudotriccus ruficeps was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927) placed in the monotypic genus Caenotriccus, but see Zimmer (1940) for its merger into Pseudotriccus. 23. See Sick (1985), Ridgely & Tudor (1994), and Fitzpatrick (2004) for reasons for maintaining Corythopis torquatus and C. delalandi as separate species; they form a superspecies (Sibley & Monroe 1990). 23a. Corythopis was formerly (e.g., Pinto 1937, Meyer de Schauensee 1966) placed in the Conopophagidae, but see Ames et al. (1968) for independent anatomical data sets that show that this species belongs in the Tyrannidae. 24. Corythopis is masculine, so the correct spelling of the species name is torquatus (David & Gosselin 2002b). 24a. Euscarthmus was formerly () placed in the Formicariidae [=Thamnophilidae] because of similarities in tarsal scutellation. 25. Pseudelaenia leucospodia was formerly placed in the genus Phaeomyias (e.g., Zimmer 1941b, Meyer de Schauensee 1970), Myiopagis (e.g., Traylor 1977, 1979a), or Elaenia (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927), but see Lanyon (1988a). Genetic data (Tello et al. 2009) confirm that it is not the sister to any of these genera but is a member of a group of genera that includes Phaeomyias. SACC proposal needed to change linear sequence. 25a. Stigmatura napensis and S. budytoides were formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Pinto 1944) considered conspecific, and napensis was described as a subspecies of S. budytoides; recent authors have followed Zimmer (1940b) in treating them as separate species; they are considered to form a superspecies by Sibley & Monroe (1990) and Fitzpatrick (2004). 25b. Stigmatura was formerly () placed in the Formicariidae [=Thamnophilidae] because of its superficial resemblance to the genus Formicivora. 26. The species vilissimus, bolivianus, cinereicapilla, gracilipes, acer, and chrysops (with viridiflavus and albigularis) were formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Zimmer 1941b, Phelps & Phelps 1950a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in a separate genus, Tyranniscus, but see Traylor (1977) for separation in the genus Zimmerius. 26a. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) considered the subspecies flavidifrons of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru to represent a separate species from Zimmerius chrysops based on differences in voice. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001), Krabbe & Nielsson (2003), and Fitzpatrick (2004) also noted that the taxon albigularis from w. Ecuador and sw. Colombia might be a species distinct from Zimmerius chrysops. Rheindt et al. (2008b) found that albigularis is actually the sister taxon to Zimmerius vilissimus. SACC proposal passed to elevate albigularis to species rank. Rheindt et al. (in press) found genetic and vocal evidence for treatment of the subspecies minimus from NW Venezuela and the Santa Marta Mountains, including tentatively also cumanensis from the Turimiquire Mtns. in eastern Venezuela, as a separate species from Z. chrysops. SACC proposal needed. 27. Sibley & Monroe (1990) and Ridgely & Tudor (1994), followed by Hilty (2003) and Fitzpatrick (2004), considered the South American improbus group of subspecies to be a separate species from Zimmerius vilissimus. SACC proposal to treat improbus as a separate species did not pass. Traylor (1982) suspected that the subspecies parvus, from Honduras to NW Colombia, should also be considered a separate species. Rheindt et al. (in press) found additional genetic and vocal support for treating improbus (with tamae) as a separate species as well as petersi and extralimital parvus. SACC proposal needed. 27a. Called "Mistletoe Tyrannulet" in Stiles & Skutch (1989). 28. Correct spelling for species name is cinereicapilla (David & Gosselin 2002a). 28a. Zimmerius cinereicapilla was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927) considered conspecific with Z. gracilipes. 28b. Zimmerius acer was treated as a separate species from Zimmerius gracilipes by Cory & Hellmayr (1927), but Zimmer (1941) treated them as conspecific; Pinto (1944), however, treated them as separate species and noted that both had been collected at Santarem, Brazil (Gyldenstolpe 19## REF - check). Most recent classifications (e.g., Sibley & Monroe 1990, Ridgely & Tudor 1994, Dickinson 2003, Fitzpatrick 2004) have followed Zimmer (1941) in treating them as conspecific. Rheindt et al.'s (2008b) genetic data indicate that acer and gracilipes are not sisters, with acer basal to all other Zimmerius taxa sampled. SACC proposal passed to elevate acer to species rank. SACC proposal did not pass to change English name of Z. acer. 29. Recently described: Alvarez-Alfonso & Whitney (2001). 29a. Alvarez-Alfonso & Whitney (2001) considered Zimmerius cinereicapilla and Z. villarejoi to be sister species. 29. Whitney et al. (2013) described a new species, Zimmerius chicomendezi, from southwestern Amazonian Brazil that is likely most closely related to Z. villarejoi. SACC proposal badly needed. 30. Meyer de Schauensee (1966, 1970) and Traylor (1979) considered chrysops to be a subspecies of Zimmerius viridiflavus; see Ridgely & Tudor (1994) and Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) for rationale for keeping Z. chrysops as a separate species, a treatment supported by Cory & Hellmayr (1927), Zimmer (1941), and Fitzpatrick (2004); they constitute a superspecies (Sibley & Monroe 1990). SACC proposal to treat Z. chrysops as conspecific with Z. viridiflavus did not pass. More recent genetic data (Rheindt et al. 2008) indicate that current species limits in the chrysops-viridiflavus group do not reflect relationships indicated by genetic or vocal data. SACC proposal to elevate flavidifrons to species rank did not pass. 31. The species poecilotis, ophthalmicus, orbitalis, venezuelanus, eximius, gualaquizae, and flaviventris were formerly (e.g., Pinto 1944, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in the genus Pogonotriccus, but this was merged into Phylloscartes by Traylor (1977, 1979a). The species poecilotis through eximius do form a distinctive group within the genus and thus the English name Bristle-Tyrant is retained for them, following Ridgely & Tudor (1994). Hilty & Brown (1986), Ridgely & Greenfield (2001), Hilty (2003), and Fitzpatrick (2004) retained Pogonotriccus because this group has consistent morphological and behavioral differences from Phylloscartes; see also Graves (1988) and Fitzpatrick & Stotz (1997) for support for retention of Pogonotriccus. Proposal badly needed. 31a. The southern subspecies ottonis was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927) considered a separate species from Phylloscartes ophthalmicus. 31b. Phylloscartes lanyoni and P. orbitalis are sister taxa (Graves 1988) that form a superspecies (Sibley & Monroe 1990); Fitzpatrick (2004) also considered P. venezuelanus a member of this superspecies. 31c. Phylloscartes orbitalis was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907) placed in the genus Capsiempis. 31cc. Phylloscartes gualaquizae, one of the former members of Pogonotriccus (see Note 31 above), is not a member of that group (Robbins et al. 1987, Fitzpatrick 2004). 31d. Vocal and foraging behavior suggests that Phylloscartes nigrifrons might be most closely related to P. flaviventris and P. parkeri (Fitzpatrick 2004). 31dd. Cory & Hellmayr (1927) placed Phylloscartes nigrifrons in Leptopogon. 31e. Cory & Hellmayr (1927) placed Phylloscartes superciliaris in Mecocerculus, and Ridgway placed it in Leptotriccus with P. sylviolus and P. flaviventris. 32. Recently described: Graves (1988). 32a. Phylloscartes ventralis is considered to form a superspecies with Panamanian P. flavovirens (AOU 1983, Sibley & Monroe (1990) and also P. virescens (Fitzpatrick 2004); they were all considered conspecific by Cory & Hellmayr (1927). Phylloscartes kronei and P. beckeri are also probably part of this species group (Fitzpatrick 2004). Proposal needed to change linear sequence (from northwest to southeast). 32b. "Phylloscartes pammictus," known only from the unique type specimen from "Rio de Janeiro" and formerly considered a valid species (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Pinto 1944), is now considered a synonym of Phylloscartes v. ventralis (Traylor 1979b). See Hybrids and Dubious Taxa. 33. Recently described: Teixeira (1987). 34. Recently described: Willis & Oniki (1992). 35. Recently described: Gonzaga & Pacheco (1995). 36. Formerly (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1970) called "Yellow-bellied Bristle-Tyrant"; see Ridgely & Tudor (1994) for reasons for the need for their new English name for this species. 36a. Phylloscartes flaviventris and P. parkeri form a superspecies (Fitzpatrick and Stotz 1997, Fitzpatrick 2004). 36b. Phylloscartes ceciliae, P. superciliaris, P. roquettei, and P. sylviolus might be closely related to, or part of, the P. flaviventris-P. parkeri superspecies (Fitzpatrick and Stotz 1997, Fitzpatrick 2004). 37. Recently described: Fitzpatrick and Stotz (1997). 38. Straube & Pacheco (2002) proposed that the species name should be changed from paulistus to paulista, and this was followed by Fitzpatrick (2004). SACC proposal passed to change to paulista. 39. Phylloscartes sylviolus was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Pinto 1944, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in the (then) monotypic genus Leptotriccus, but this was merged into Phylloscartes by Traylor (1977, 1979a). 40. Mionectes oleagineus, M. macconnelli, and M. rufiventris were formerly (e.g., Zimmer 1941c, Phelps & Phelps 1950a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in the genus Pipromorpha, but this was merged into Mionectes by Traylor (1977, 1979), as first proposed by van Rossem (1938), and a merger supported by morphological data (Ames 1971, Lanyon 1988a; cf. Zimmer 1941c); Wetmore (1972) tentatively maintained Pipromorpha on the basis of plumage differences, evident even in juvenal plumage, and primary shape in adult males. SACC proposal to resurrect Pipromorpha did not pass. New genetic data (Miller et al. 2008) are consistent with resurrecting Pipromorpha as a genus-level taxon; the three species of Pipromorpha form a monophyletic group that shows a 14% sequence divergence (cytochrome b) from the other two. SACC proposal to reinstate Pipromorpha did not pass. 40a. Ridgway (1907) treated the Middle American subspecies assimilis (with dyscola) as a separate species from M. oleagineus. Apparently parapatric populations of some populations of M. oleagineus show no signs of gene flow between them, suggesting that more than one species may be involved (Miller et al. 2008). 40b. "Mionectes turi," described from "Cayenne" as a valid species, is now considered a synonym of Mionectes oleagineus wallacei (Meyer de Schauensee 1966). 40c. Genetic data (Miller et al. 2008) suggest that M. macconnelli peruanus of southwestern Amazonia may be the sister to M. oleagineus, M. rufiventris, and M. m. macconnelli and thus should be treated as a separate species; additional gene sampling and vocal analyses needed. 41. Linear sequence of species in Leptopogon follows Bates & Zink (1994), who showed that genetic data indicate that the lowland species amaurocephalus is sister to the ancestor of the rest of the genus, and the highest-elevation species are most recently derived. 41a. Leptopogon rufipectus and L. taczanowskii are sister species (Zimmer 1941c, Bates & Zink 1994) that form a superspecies (Parker et al. 1985, Sibley & Monroe 1990, Fitzpatrick 2004). 41b. Leptopogon rufipectus was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Phelps & Phelps 1950a) known as L. erythrops, but see . 41c. Traylor (1977) considered Sublegatus so closely related to Elaenia, as reflected in their traditional placement in linear sequences, that they might be considered congeneric, but syringeal morphology (Lanyon 1988a) does not support a close relationship. 41d. Fitzpatrick (2004) suggested that further study might show that the distinctive southern subspecies albidiventris might be a separate species from Leptopogon superciliaris. 41e. Called "Mangrove Scrub Flycatcher" in Haverschmidt & Mees (1994). 41f. Haverschmidt & Mees (1994), who treated Sublegatus obscurior as a subspecies of S. modestus, called the composite species "Forest Scrub Flycatcher". 42. All Sublegatus were formerly considered conspecific (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Meyer de Schauensee 1970), with the composite species called "Scrub Flycatcher." Species limits in Sublegatus have been fluid and confusing, including different treatments by the same author (e.g., Traylor 1977, 1979a vs. Traylor 1982); Zimmer (1941b) considered the taxon glaber, currently treated as a subspecies of S. modestus, to be a separate species that included S. obscurior (and also the subspecies orinocensis, and pallens, as well as the taxa peruvianus and sordidus, which were considered synonyms of S. obscurior by Traylor 1979a); see also Fitzpatrick (2004). Seasonal movements may also complicate evidence of sympatry (Meyer de Schauensee 1966, Traylor 1982). Vocal differences exist among the three taxa recognized as species here, but formal analysis and additional research badly needed. See Ridgely & Tudor (1994) for a synopsis. 42a. The genus Inezia is likely polyphyletic (Fitzpatrick 2004). 42aa. Short (1975) and Sibley & Monroe (1990) considered Inezia tenuirostris and I. inornata to form a superspecies. 42b. The tarsal morphology of Inezia has been interpreted to indicate that it belongs in the Cotingidae (Ridgway 1907? REF). 42c. Inezia tenuirostris was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Phelps & Phelps 1950a) placed in Phaeomyias, but see Zimmer (1955). 42d. Inezia inornata was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Pinto 1944, Smith 1971) placed in Serpophaga, but see Parkes (1973) and Lanyon (1988a). 43. Inezia caudata was formerly (e.g., Pinto 1944, Phelps & Phelps 1950a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Traylor 1977, 1979a, Ridgely & Tudor 1994) considered a subspecies of I. subflava, with the composite species known as "Pale-tipped Tyrannulet"; Zimmer & Whittaker (2000) showed that caudata merits recognition as a separate species based on vocal differences. (They also recommended use of "Inezia" as English name, which is novel but has an appeal. Proposal needed?) Inezia caudata was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907) placed in the genus Capsiempis. 43a. The intrafamilial relationships of the distinctive genus Myiotriccus are uncertain; 43b. The intrafamilial relationships of the distinctive genus Tachuris are uncertain; cited by Fitzpatrick 2004> proposed that it was most closely related to Pseudocolopteryx. Genetic data (Tello et al. 2009) indicate that it is a member of a group consisting mainly of the flatbills, but that it has no close relatives. SACC proposal needed 44. Fitzpatrick (2004) summarized the unique characters of Culicivora and suggested that it was closest to Polystictus based on plumage, bill morphology, behavior, and habitat. Genetic data (Tello et al. 2009) confirm this relationship. 44a. Called "Sharp-tailed Grass-Tyrant" by Ridgely & Tudor (1994). Proposal needed? 45. Lanyon (1988b) used syringeal and skull morphology to propose that the genera Myiornis through Onychorhynchus represented a monophyletic group, the "flatbills." Birdsley (2002) questioned the monophyly of the group based on an analysis of morphological and behavioral data. Genetic data (Tello and Bates 2007) indicate that the flatbills are monophyletic if Platyrinchus and Onychorhynchus are removed. Tello et al. (2009) found that the genera from Myiornis through Tolmomyias in the sequence presented above form a monophyletic if Cnipodectes is removed. SACC proposal needed. Within the flatbills, Myiornis was merged into Hemitriccus by Lanyon (1988b) based on syringeal morphology, and this merger is supported by the genetic data of Tello & Bates (2007) and Tello et al. (2009), who also found that Lophotriccus was paraphyletic with respect to Oncostoma, and that Hemitriccus was paraphyletic with respect to these two genera and Atalotriccus. Although further taxon-sampling needed, a case could be made that these five genera should be combined (Hemitriccus has priority). SACC proposal needed. Directory: ~Remsen ~Remsen -> Larus belcheri from "Band-tailed Gull" to "Belcher's Gull" ~Remsen -> Larus belcheri from "Band-tailed Gull" to "Belcher's Gull" Download 0.57 Mb. Share with your friends:
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