Part Accipitriformes to Charadriiformes
a. Although Meyer de Schauensee (1970) considered
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45a. Although Meyer de Schauensee (1970) considered Myiornis albiventris to be a subspecies of M. auricularis, this was not followed by previous (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Zimmer 1940) or subsequent authors; they are considered to form a superspecies by Sibley & Monroe (1990) and Fitzpatrick (2004). 45b. Called "White-breasted Pygmy-Tyrant" in Meyer de Schauensee (1966) and Parker et al. (1982). 46. Myiornis atricapillus was formerly (e.g., Zimmer 1940, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) considered a subspecies of M. ecaudatus, but most recent classifications have followed Wetmore (1972) in considering the evidence insufficient for treatment as conspecific, thus returning to the classification of Ridgway (1907) and Cory & Hellmayr (1927); they constitute a superspecies (AOU 1983, Sibley & Monroe 1990, Fitzpatrick 2004). Proposal needed? 46a. Myiornis was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907, Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Pinto 1944) treated in a separate genus, Perissotriccus, but this was merged into Myiornis by Zimmer (1940); this has been followed by most subsequent authors, but not by Wetmore (1972), who maintained Perissotriccus on the basis of differences in wing shape, bill shape, relative tail length, and extent of rictal bristles. 46b. The authenticity of a specimen from northern Colombia (Romero & Rodriguez 1965) was questioned by Ridgely & Tudor (1994) and Fitzpatrick (2004); examination of the specimen by F. G. Stiles confirmed the identification. Whether this record represents a wandering individual or sympatry with O. olivaceum cannot yet be determined. SACC proposal passed to remove this species from the Hypothetical List and to add it to the main list. 47. Oncostoma cinereigulare and O. olivaceum form a superspecies (AOU 1983, 1998, Sibley & Monroe 1990, Fitzpatrick 2004); they were considered conspecific by Cory & Hellmayr (1927). 47a. Lophotriccus vitiosus and L. eulophotes form a superspecies (Sibley & Monroe 1990); they were treated as conspecific by Cory & Hellmayr (1927) and Pinto (1944). 47b. The subspecies congener was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Pinto 1944) considered a separate species from Lophotriccus vitiosus, but see Meyer de Schauensee (1966).<Zimmer> 47c. The name squamaecristatus was previously considered to have priority over pileatus (e.g., Ridgway 1907). 48. Lophotriccus galeatus was formerly (e.g., Phelps & Phelps 1950a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in the monotypic genus Colopteryx (based on its unusually narrow outer primaries), but this was merged into Lophotriccus by Traylor (1977, 1979a). 49. Lanyon (1988b) recommended that Atalotriccus be merged into Lophotriccus, and this was followed by AOU (1998); however, see Ridgely & Tudor (1994) for reasons to maintain as separate genus until relationships are resolved. 49a. Called "Light-eyed Pygmy-Tyrant" in Wetmore (1972). 50. Hemitriccus minor was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Pinto 1944, Phelps & Phelps 1950a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in the genus Snethlagea (based on bill morphology), but this was merged into Hemitriccus by Traylor (1977, 1979). 50a. Cohn-Haft (1996) provided morphological and vocal evidence for treating Hemitriccus minor and H. spodiops as sister species. Zimmer et al. (2013) described a new species from southwestern Amazonian Brazil, Hemitriccus cohnhafti, that they found to be the sister species to H. spodiops. SACC proposal passed to recognize H. cohnhafti. 50b. Hemitriccus as defined by Traylor (1979) and used here is likely paraphyletic with respect to Lophotriccus (Cohn-Haft 1996) and perhaps Atalotriccus and Oncostoma. 51. The species spodiops, zosterops (with griseipectus), orbitatus, striaticollis (with iohannis), nidipendulus, margaritaceiventer, minimus (as "aenigma"), granadensis, mirandae (with kaempferi), and rufigularis were formerly (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in the genus Idioptilon, but recent classifications have followed Traylor (1977, 1979) in merging Idioptilon into Hemitriccus. However, genetic data (Tello et al. 2009) that a broadly defined Hemitriccus is not monophyletic. SACC proposal needed. 51a. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) and Hilty (2003) suspected that Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer might consist of more than one species; Cory & Hellmayr (1927) treated the subspecies impiger and septentrionalis both as separate species, and Chapman (1929) described the subspecies duidae as a species; all were considered conspecific with H. margaritaceiventer by Meyer de Schauensee (1966, 1970). 51b. Hemitriccus mirandae was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927) placed in Todirostrum. 52. [Cohn-Haft (1996) ... .] 53. Hemitriccus flammulatus, H. diops, and H. obsoletus form a superspecies (Sibley & Monroe 1990); they were treated as conspecific by Cory & Hellmayr (1927) and Pinto (1944), but most recent authors have followed Zimmer (1940) and Meyer de Schauensee (1966) in treating them as separate species. 53a. These three Hemitriccus were called "Bamboo-Tyrants" by Ridgely & Tudor (1994). SACC proposal pending to change to "Tody-Tyrants" as in other Hemitriccus did not pass. 54. Hemitriccus josephinae was formerly (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in monotypic genus Microcochlearius, but recent classifications have followed Traylor (1977, 1979a) in merging this into Hemitriccus. 55. Hemitriccus griseipectus was formerly (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Traylor 1977, 1979a, 56. Hemitriccus iohannis was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Zimmer 1940, Pinto 1944, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) considered a subspecies of H. striaticollis, but see Traylor (1982) for rationale for recognition as a separate species. 57. Hemitriccus inornatus was considered a doubtful species by Meyer de Schauensee (1966). 57a. Sibley & Monroe (1990) considered Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer and H. inornatus to form a superspecies. 58. For use of minimus instead of aenigma, see Stotz (1992). 58a. Hemitriccus minimus was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927) placed in the genus Snethlagea, but this was merged into Hemitriccus by Traylor (1977, 1979), who also considered it a subspecies of Hemitriccus (Snethlagea) minor, following Zimmer (1940). See also Note 50. 59. Recently described: Fitzpatrick & O'Neill (1979). 60. Hemitriccus kaempferi was described as and formerly (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1970) considered a subspecies of H. mirandae; for recognition of kaempferi as a species separate from mirandae, see Fitzpatrick (1976) and Fitzpatrick & O'Neill (1979). 60a. Fitzpatrick & O'Neill (1979), Sibley & Monroe (1990), and Fitzpatrick (2004) considered Hemitriccus cinnamomeipectus, H. mirandae, and H. kaempferi to form a superspecies. 60b. Hemitriccus mirandae was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Pinto 1944) placed in the genus Todirostrum. 61. Hemitriccus furcatus was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) placed in the monotypic genus Ceratotriccus (based on tail structure), but this was merged into Hemitriccus by Traylor (1977, 1979a). Thus, it was renamed "Fork-tailed Tody-Tyrant" by Ridgely & Tudor (1994). [proposal needed -- keep Pygmy-Tyrant to emphasize how distinctive the species is within the genus ... as in Fitzpatrick 2004??]. Fitzpatrick (2004) suggested that H. furcatus was most closely related to the H. mirandae superspecies. 62. Poecilotriccus ruficeps and P. luluae form a superspecies (Parker et al. 1985, <>Johnson and Jones 2001, Fitzpatrick 2004). 62a. Fitzpatrick (2004) suggested that Poecilotriccus ruficeps might consist of two or more species-level taxa. 62b. Recently described: Johnson and Jones (2001). 62c. Johnson and Jones suggested "Lulu's Tody-Tyrant" for the English name. The logical "Rufous-headed" is already in use in Pseudotriccus pygmy-tyrants. SACC proposal passed to make the English name "Johnson's Tody-Tyrant", in honor of its recently deceased describer, Ned. K. Johnson. "Johnson's Tody-Tyrant" also adopted by Fitzpatrick (2004). 63. The species albifacies, capitalis, senex, russatus, plumbeiceps, fumifrons, latirostris, sylvia, chrysocrotaphum, and calopterus were formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Traylor 1977, 1979a) placed in Todirostrum, but Lanyon (1988b) provided morphological evidence for their transfer to Poecilotriccus. Note that the English names of former Todirostrum exported to Poecilotriccus did not change from "Tody-Flycatcher" to "Tody-Tyrant." SACC proposal passed to change English names of all Poecilotriccus to "Tody-Flycatcher." Tello and Bates (2007) and Tello et al. (2009) found that (with limited taxon-sampling) Poecilotriccus + Todirostrum forms the sister group to other tody-tyrants (Myiornis through Hemitriccus). 63a. The northern subspecies schistaceiceps was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907) considered a separate species from P. sylvia. 63b. Poecilotriccus russatus and P. plumbeiceps form a superspecies (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Fitzpatrick 2004). 63bb. "Todirostrum hypospodium," known only from the type specimen from "Bogotá" and treated as a valid species by Cory & Hellmayr (1927) and reluctantly so by Meyer de Schauensee (1966), is now considered a synonym of P. s. sylvia (Traylor 1979b). See Hybrids and Dubious Taxa. 63c. Poecilotriccus latirostris and P. fumifrons form a superspecies (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Fitzpatrick 2004). 63d. Hemitriccus spodiops, H. zosterops, H. griseipectus, H. orbitatus, H. striaticollis, H. iohannis, H. nidipendulus, H. margaritaceiventer, H. inornatus, H. granadensis, and H. rufigularis, and Poecilotriccus russatus and P. plumbeiceps were all formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Zimmer 1940, Pinto 1944, Phelps & Phelps 1950a) placed in the genus Euscarthmornis, now included in Hemitriccus; see Zimmer (1953b) for the use of Idioptilon over Euscarthmornis, where they were transferred by Meyer de Schauensee (1966), except for Poecilotriccus russatus and P. plumbeiceps, which were transferred by Zimmer (1940) to Todirostrum. Traylor (1977, 1979b) then merged Idioptilon into Hemitriccus. 63dd. "Poecilotriccus nattereri," described from Brazil and treated as a distinct species by Cory & Hellmayr (1927) and Pinto (1944), is now considered a synonym of Poecilotriccus latirostris ochropterus (Meyer de Schauensee 1966, Traylor 1979b). See Hybrids and Dubious Taxa. 63e. Fitzpatrick (2004) suggested that Hemitriccus granadensis might consist of more than one species-level taxa, and that it might be most closely related to the Hemitriccus mirandae superspecies. 63ee. "Hemitriccus rothschildi," described from French Guiana and treated as a valid species by Cory & Hellmayr (1927), is now regarded as a synonym of Hemitriccus z. zosterops (Zimmer 1940, Meyer de Schauensee 1966, Traylor 1979b). See Hybrids and Dubious Taxa. 63f. Hemitriccus zosterops was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927) considered a subspecies of H. striaticollis, but <Zimmer REF?> provided rationale for treating zosterops as a separate species. 64. Included in Poecilotriccus capitalis is Todirostrum tricolor, considered a valid species by Traylor (1979b), but tricolor may not even be a valid subspecies; see Parker et al. (1997) and Ridgely & Greenfield (2001). 64a. Poecilotriccus capitalis and P. albifacies have been considered conspecific (Fitzpatrick 1976), but see Traylor & Fitzpatrick (1982) for rationale for treating them as separate species. 64b. Poecilotriccus albifacies was considered a synonym of "P. tricolor" by Fitzpatrick (1976) and Traylor (1979b), but "P. tricolor" is now considered a dubious taxon; see Traylor & Fitzpatrick (1982). 65. See David & Gosselin (2002a) for why the species name is capitalis rather than capitale. 66. Poecilotriccus (Todirostrum/Platyrinchus) senex was considered a dubious taxon by Meyer de Schauensee (1970), but see Fitzpatrick (1976). 67. Poecilotriccus pulchellus was formerly (e.g., Zimmer 1940, Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Traylor 1979b, Dickinson 2003) considered conspecific with P. calopterus, but see Ridgely & Tudor (1994) for rationale for treating it as a separate species, thus returning to the classification of Cory & Hellmayr (1927); they form a superspecies (Sibley & Monroe 1990, Fitzpatrick 2004). 68. Traylor (1977, 1979a) and Lanyon (1988b) merged Taeniotriccus into Poecilotriccus, but see Ridgely & Tudor (1994) and Fitzpatrick (2004) for reasons to maintain as monotypic genus until more data are available. 69. Called "Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher" in Ridgely & Tudor (1994). Proposal needed? 70. Todirostrum viridanum was formerly (e.g., Phelps & Phelps 1950a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) considered conspecific with T. cinereum, but recent authors (e.g., Hilty 2003, Fitzpatrick 2004) tend to follow Meyer de Schauensee & Phelps (1978) in treating them as separate species, thus returning to the classification of Cory & Hellmayr (1927); see caveats in Ridgely & Tudor (1994); they form a superspecies (AOU 1983, Sibley & Monroe 1990). Proposal needed? 71. Todirostrum nigriceps, T. pictum, and T. chrysocrotaphum form a superspecies (Fitzpatrick 1976, 2004, Sibley & Monroe 1990). Zimmer (1940) considered nigriceps and pictum as subspecies of T. chrysocrotaphum, and this was followed by Phelps & Phelps (1950a) and Meyer de Schauensee (1970), with the composite species called "Painted Tody-Flycatcher." Recent treatments usually follow Wetmore (1972), Fitzpatrick (1976), and Traylor (1977, 1979a) in ranking all three as a species, thus returning to the classification of Cory & Hellmayr (1927). 71a. The subspecies guttatum was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927) considered a separate species from T. chrysocrotaphum, but most classifications have followed Zimmer (1940) in treating them as conspecific. 72. Zimmer (1939c) pointed out that the toe structure of Cnipodectes subbrunneus suggests a relationship to the Pipridae, not Tyrannidae. 72a. The Amazonian subspecies C. s. minor was formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1907) treated as a separate species from Cnipodectes subbrunneus; they were treated as conspecific by Cory and Hellmayr (1927), and this has been followed in all subsequent classifications. 72a. Called "Brownish Flycatcher" by Eisenmann (1955), Meyer de Schauensee (1966, 1970), Ridgely (1976), Parker et al. (1982), AOU (1983, 1998), Hilty & Brown (1986), Sibley & Monroe (1990), and Dickinson (2003), in addition to most older literature; called "Brown Flycatcher" in Wetmore (1972). Ridgely & Tudor (1994) introduced the novel name "Twistwing", and this was followed by Ridgely & Greenfield (2001), Hilty (2003) and Fitzpatrick (2004). SACC proposal to change English name did not pass. SACC proposal to change English name passed on second try after description of C. superrufus. 72b. Genetic data (Tello and Bates 2007) indicate that Tolmomyias and Rhynchocyclus are sister genera, as reflected in their traditional linear classification, and that Cnipodectes may be the sister genus to these two. 72bb. Ridgway (1907) treated the Amazonian subspecies minor as a separate species from C. subbrunneus. 72c. Ridgway (1907) used the name Craspedoprion instead of Rhynchocyclus., which he applied to Tolmomyias. 72d. Newly described: Lane et al. (2007). SACC proposal passed to recognize C. superrufus. 73. Rhynchocyclus pacificus was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927, Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Traylor 1977, 1979a) considered a subspecies of R. brevirostris, but Zimmer (1939a) treated it as a separate species and noted that it is probably more closely related to R. fulvipectus; it was treated as a species by Ridgely & Tudor (1994) and AOU (1998), the latter of whom considered R. brevirostris and R. pacificus to form a superspecies. 74. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) used the English group name "Flatbill" for the species of Tolmomyias, returning to a name used by Cory & Hellmayr (1925). Proposal needed? 74a. The AOU (1998), Hilty (2003), and Fitzpatrick (2004) suggested that Tolmomyias sulphurescens almost certainly consists of multiple species. Ridgway treated Middle American subspecies cinereiceps and flavoolivaceus each as a separate species from T. sulphurescens. 74n. Cory & Hellmayr (1927) treated the subspecies klagesi as a separate species from Tolmomyias poliocephalus, but see Meyer de Schauensee (1966). 75. Recently described: Schulenberg & Parker (1997). 76. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001), followed by Hilty (2003), considered populations of Central America and trans-Andean South America to represent a separate species, T. flavotectus, from Tolmomyias assimilis; they restricted the name "Yellow-margined Flycatcher/Flatbill" to the latter and called the Amazonian species "Zimmer's Flatbill." Proposal needed. The latter is also likely to consist of more than one species (see Ridgely & Greenfield 2001). Fitzpatrick (2004) concluded that further research was needed before any changes are made to current species limits. Whitney et al. (2013) described a new species in the complex, Tolmomyias sucunduri, from south-central Amazonian Brazil. SACC proposal badly needed. 76a. Tolmomyias assimilis was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927) considered a subspecies of T. sulphurescens, but Zimmer (1939a) provided rationale for considering it a separate species, and for treatment of Central American flavotectus, considered a separate species by Cory & Hellmayr (1927), as a subspecies of T. assimilis. Zimmer (1939a), followed by Pinto (1944), considered flavotectus to have priority over assimilis as the species name, but see <>. Directory: ~Remsen ~Remsen -> Larus belcheri from "Band-tailed Gull" to "Belcher's Gull" ~Remsen -> Larus belcheri from "Band-tailed Gull" to "Belcher's Gull" Download 0.57 Mb. Share with your friends:
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