Perfect intervals include the unison and the octave. Perfect intervals also include fourths and fifths. Perfect intervals are labeled with a capital "P." The Major
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TranspositionScale patterns can be duplicated at any pitch. Rewriting the same scale pattern at a different pitch is called transposition. Thus, if you used the major scale pattern, but started at G, you would just have to count up according to the major scale pattern to transpose it. All the notes of a piece can be modified in this way, by finding a note's counterpart in the modified scale. Since some notes will always be sharp once transposed or in certain scales, it is sometimes helpful to place accidentals at the very beginning of a piece in order to modify all the notes of a certain pitch. Placing accidentals at the beginning of the music (as opposed to right beside a note) allows the accidentals to affect every note in the entire piece. So, placing a sharp on line F makes every F sharp. The arrangement of sharps and flats at the beginning of a piece of music is called a key signature. Key SignaturesTo help understand and remember key signatures, a chart called the circle of fifths can be used. On the outside are the major key names, separated by fifths. On the inside are the corresponding minor key names. In the middle is the number and position of the sharps or flats. 
There is a little trick to figuring out a key signature's name. When confronted with a key signature that consists of flats, look at the flat second from the far right. This flat is on the line or space the key signature is named after. One flat is F, since you can't go to the next -to-last flat. To find the name of a key signature with sharps, look at the sharp farthest to the right. The key signature is the note a half step above that last sharp. Key signatures can specify major or minor keys. To determine the name of a minor key, find the name of the key in major and then count backwards three half steps. Remember that sharps and flats affect names. ModesIn the middle ages, modes were used to organize the melodic and harmonic parts of music. From the 17th century until the 19th century, modes were not used as widely. Modes in this time were replaced by the major and minor scales. Modes, however, are still heard in contemporary music. Modes, created mainly by the churches, were the basis for most of western music. Curiously, in modes, the beginning tone is called the final, as opposed to the tonic as in other diatonic scales.
Modes may begin on any tone as long as the arrangements of half and whole steps remain the same. The identity of a transposed mode can be quickly determined since the final of each mode lies in the same relationship to the tonic of the major with the same key signature. The final of the Dorian mode is always the second degree of the major scale. The final of the Phrygian mode is always the third degree of a major scale. The final of the Lydian mode is always the fourth degree of a major scale. The final of the Mixolydian mode is always the fifth degree of a major scale. The final of the Aeolian mode is always the sixth degree of a major scale. The final of the Ionian mode is always the first degree of a major scale. Locrian modes are rarely used. SolfeggioOften, solfeggio is used to help with practicing. The solfeggio syllables are associated with the notes in a given scale. The syllable Do (pronounced dough, or doe), corresponds to the tonic. The next syllable (in ascending order) is Re (say 'ray'). Re corresponds to the supertonic. Mi (say 'me') is the next syllable. Mi corresponds to the mediant. Fa (long a) comes next, corresponding to the subdominant. Sol (say 'so') is the syllable that corresponds to the dominant. La (long a) is the syllable that corresponds to the submediant. Ti (say 'tea') corresponds to the leading tone. 
This table shows the solfeggio syllables and corresponding hand signs in descending order. Do - a fist that is held straight. Ti is index finger pointing up and the thumb and middle ring finger and pinkie are all touching (the same as for sign language T). La is all four fingers and thumb facing the ground and the wrist is bent down as well. Sol is the thumb facing the ceiling the rest of the hand is out straight. Fa is a thumbs down. Mi is the hand held flat. Re is a flat hand help up straight out and then raised to about a 30 degree angle. Both Mi and Re have palm side down. Do is the fist sign again. The table above shows the hand signs that correspond to the solfeggio syllables. The hand signs start with the lower tonic at about waist level. Each successive hand sign is a little higher than the last. The second tonic ends a little above eye level. Solfeggio is a good practice tool. Since it is fairly generic, it can be used with a variety of scales. Pentatonic scales consists of five tones, and therefore Fa and Ti aren't used. There are also solfeggio accidentals. These accidentals are shown and listed in the chart below. 
Di is the accidental above Do. To make Di, make the fist for Do and lift the wrist up. 
Ri is the accidental between Re and Mi. Ri looks just like Re, but the pointer finger in Ri is lifted away from the other fingers. 
Fi is between Fa and Sol. Fi is a thumbs up. 
Si is an open hand, palm towards the chest and the wrist tilted up. Si is between Sol and La 
Ta is like Ti, but the finger is pointed down. Ta is between La and Ti. Directory: SECONDARY SECONDARY -> Chapter 13 Breaking Up Is Hard to Do: Nations, States, and Nation-States A. Logistics SECONDARY -> The school board of miami-dade county, florida SECONDARY -> Chapter 3 Tracking the aids epidemic in the United States: Diffusion Through Space and Time A. Logistics SECONDARY -> The state of ict/Computing delivery in Key Stage 3 and 4 SECONDARY -> Application for Art Elective Programme (aep) Centre (2016) SECONDARY -> Chapter 9 Take Me Out to the Ball Game: Market Areas and the Urban Hierarchy A. Logistics SECONDARY -> Contemporary Human Geography, 2e (Rubenstein) Chapter 11 Industry SECONDARY -> Secondary Bibliography a resource of secondary sources for all acpa poets Table of Contents SECONDARY -> Liquefied Natural Gas: Implications for the Evolving Global Energy Market a light at the end of the pipeline Download 117.86 Kb. Share with your friends:
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