Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 296.pdf

Abstract: The magnetic-chitosan particle was prepared and characterized by the SEM, XRD, FT-IR and employed as an adsorbent for removal fluoride from the water solution in the batch system. The Langmuir isotherms, Bradley’s isotherm, Freundlich isotherm and Dubinin–Kaganer–Radushkevich (DKR) isotherm were used to describe adsorption equilibrium. The kinetic process was investigated using the pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model and intra-particle diffusion model, respectively. The results show that the magnetic-chitosan particle is amorphous of irregular clumps in the surface with groups of RNH₂, RNH₃, Fe–O, etc. Bradley’s equation and two-sites Langmuir isotherms were fitted well with the adsorption equilibrium data; the maximal amount of adsorption of 20.96–23.98 mg/l and free energy of 2.48 kJ/mol were obtained from the Bradley’s equation, two-sites Langmuir isotherm and DKR modeling, respectively. The pseudo-second-order with the initial adsorption rate 2.08 mg/g min was suitable to describe the kinetic process of fluoride adsorption onto the adsorbent. In overall, the major mechanism of fluoride adsorption onto the heterogeneous surface of magnetic-chitosan particle was proposed in the study.

Keywords: Magnetic-Chitosan, Removal Fluoride, Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetic

? Islam, M. and Patel, R.K. (2007), Evaluation of removal efficiency of fluoride from aqueous solution using quick lime. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (1-2), 303-310.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 303.pdf

Abstract: Several methods are available to remove fluoride from the aqueous environment but they are not feasible in all places and conditions due to various reasons. In the present work, F⁻ has been removed by using activated and ordinary quick lime. The removal of fluoride was 80.6% and the final concentration was 9.7 mg/L at optimum condition from the synthetic solution having initial fluoride concentration of 50 mg/L. Adsorption kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed first order kinetics. and the removal process followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The SEM micrographs and XRD studies revealed that the removal of fluoride was mainly due to chemi-sorption and precipitation. However, they can be suitably used to remove fluoride from industrial effluent where the concentration is high. But this method cannot be employed to treat water for domestic purpose, since it cannot bring fluoride within permissible limit and also increases the pH of treated water.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetic, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Process, Aqueous Solution, Chemisorption, Concentration, Efficiency, Environment, First, First Order, Fluoride, Industrial Effluent, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Study, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm, Lime, Methods, pH, Precipitation, Purpose, Quick Lime, Removal, Removal Efficiency, SEM, Solution, Thermodynamic Parameter, Water, Work, XRD

? Porkodi, K. and Kumar, K.V. (2007), Equilibrium, kinetics and mechanism modeling and simulation of basic and acid dyes sorption onto jute fiber carbon: Eosin yellow, malachite green and crystal violet single component systems. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (1-2), 311-327.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 311.pdf

Keywords: Acid Dyes, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorption, Batch, Boyd Plot, Carbon, Concentration, Crystal Violet, Data, Diffusion, Dye, Dyes, Eosin Yellow, Equilibrium, Experiments, Expression, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Isotherm, Jute Fiber Carbon, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Malachite Green, Mass Transfer, Mechanism, Model, Modeling, Modeling and Simulation, Non-Linear Regression, Nonlinear Regression, pH, Pore Diffusion, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Limiting Step, Redlich-Peterson, Regression, Second Order, Second-Order, Simulation, Solution, Sorption, Sorption Process, Surface, Surface Diffusion, Systems, Uptake

? Iscen, C.F., Kiran, I. and Ilhan, S. (2007), Biosorption of Reactive Black 5 dye by Penicillium restrictum: The kinetic study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (1-2), 335-340.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 335.pdf

Abstract: Biosorption of Reactive Black 5 (RB 5) dye onto dried Penicillium restrictum biomass was studied with respect to pH, contact time, biosorbent and dye concentrations. The effect of temperature on the biosorption efficiency was also carried out and the kinetic parameters were determined. Optimum initial pH, equilibrium time and biomass concentration for RB 5 dye were found to be 1.0, 75 min and 0.4 g dm⁻³ at 20 °C, respectively. The maximum biosorption capacities (q_max) of RB 5 dye onto dried P. restrictum biomass were 98.33 and 112.50 mg (g biomass)⁻¹ at 175 mg dm⁻³ initial dye concentration at 20 and 50 °C, respectively, and it was 142.04 mg (g biomass)⁻¹ at 200 mg dm⁻³ initial dye concentration at 35 °C. The results indicate that the biosorption process obeys a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

Keywords: Activated-Sludge, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Basic Dye, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Black, Concentration, Congo-Red, Contact, Dye, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Time, Fungus Aspergillus-Niger, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Parameters, Kinetic Study, Methylene-Blue, Model, Neurospora-Crassa, P, Penicillium Restrictum, pH, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetic, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Reactive Black 5, Removal, Respect, Rights, Temperature, Time

? Sheha, R.R. and Metwally, E. (2007), Equilibrium isotherm modeling of cesium adsorption onto magnetic materials. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (1-2), 354-361.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 354.pdf

Abstract: The present work investigates the adsorptive interactions of Cs ions with natural magnetite and synthesized iron ferrite in aqueous medium. The applied adsorbents were characterized by FTIR and DTA/TGA analyses. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like initial pH, contact time and initial concentration on the removal of Cs. The adsorption is strongly dependent on pH of the medium where the removal efficiency increases as the pH turns to alkaline range. The process was very fast initially and maximum adsorption was attained within 60 min of contact. The adsorption process follows a pseudo-second order kinetics with rate constant amounted to 76.83×10⁴ and 18.75×10⁴ g mg⁻¹ h⁻¹ with ferrite and magnetite. The presence of interfering cations seriously decreases the extent of Cs adsorption. The equilibrium data of Cs adsorption on both adsorbents were analyzed using the Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models. The different isotherms constants were determined from the linearzed form of their equations and used to characterize Cs distribution on adsorbent surfaces and provide adopted information about the affinity of the adsorbents towards Cs ions. The values of Langmuir separation factor indicate a favorable Cs adsorption. The apparent free energies from the Dubinin–Radushkevich are 32.29 and 27.51 kJ mol⁻¹ for Cs adsorption onto iron ferrite and magnetite, respectively.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Analyses, Aqueous Medium, Batch Adsorption, Cesium, Concentration, Data, Distribution, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Experimental, Ferrite, Freundlich, FTIR, Information, Iron, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Magnetic, Magnetite, Modeling, Models, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constant, Redlich-Peterson, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Separation, Work

? Aksu, Z., Çağatay, Ş.Ş. and Gönen, F. (2007), Continuous fixed bed biosorption of reactive dyes by dried Rhizopus arrhizus: Determination of column capacity Continuous fixed bed biosorption of reactive dyes by dried Rhizopus arrhizus: Determination of column capacity. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (1-2), 362-371.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 362.pdf

Abstract: A continuous fixed bed study was carried out by using dried Rhizopus arrhizus as a biosorbent for the removal of three reactive dyes; Gemacion (Procion) Red H-E7B (GR), a monoclorotriazine mono-azo type reactive dye; Gemazol Turquise Blue-G (GTB), a vinyl sulfone mono-azo type reactive dye and Gemactive (Reactive) Black HFGR (GB), a vinyl sulfone di-azo type reactive dye from aqueous solution. The effect of operating parameters such as flow rate and inlet dye concentration on the sorption characteristics of R. arrhizus was investigated at pH 2.0 and at 25 °C for each dye. Data confirmed that the total amount of sorbed dye decreased with increasing flow rate and increased with increasing inlet dye concentration for each dye. The column biosorption capacity of dried R. arrhizus was 1007.8 mg g⁻¹ for GR dye, 823.8 mg g⁻¹ for GTB dye and 635.7 mg g⁻¹ for GB dye at the highest inlet dye concentration of approximately 750 mg l⁻¹ and at the minimum flow rate of 0.8 ml min⁻¹. Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models were applied to experimental data to predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the biosorption capacity of the column for each dye useful for process design. Both models were found suitable for describing the whole dynamic behavior of the column with respect to flow rate and inlet dye concentration.

Keywords: Rhizopus Arrhizus, Biosorption, Reactive Dye, Fixed Bed Column, Breakthrough Curve, Column Capacity

? Gong, Z.Q., Alef, K., Wilke, B.M. and Li, P.J. (2007), Activated carbon adsorption of PAHs from vegetable oil used in soil remediation: Determination of column capacity. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (1-2), 372-378.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 372.pdf

Abstract: Vegetable oil has been proven to be advantageous as a non-toxic, cost-effective and biodegradable solvent to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soils for remediation purposes. The resulting vegetable oil contained PAHs and therefore required a method for subsequent removal of extracted PAHs and reuse of the oil in remediation processes. In this paper, activated carbon adsorption of PAHs from vegetable oil used in soil remediation was assessed to ascertain PAH contaminated oil regeneration. Vegetable oils, originating from lab scale remediation, with different PAH concentrations were examined to study the adsorption of PAHs on activated carbon. Batch adsorption tests were performed by shaking oil-activated carbon mixtures in flasks. Equilibrium data were fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal models. Studies were also carried out using columns packed with activated carbon. In addition, the effects of initial PAH concentration and activated carbon dosage on sorption capacities were investigated. Results clearly revealed the effectiveness of using activated carbon as an adsorbent to remove PAHs from the vegetable oil. Adsorption equilibrium of PAHs on activated carbon from the vegetable oil was successfully evaluated by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The initial PAH concentrations and carbon dosage affected adsorption significantly. The results indicate that the reuse of vegetable oil was feasible.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, PAH, Vegetable Oil, Recycle

? Mall, I.D., Srivastava, V.C. and Agarwal, N.K. (2007), Adsorptive removal of Auramine-O: Kinetic and equilibrium study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (1-2), 386-395.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 386.pdf

Abstract: Present study deals with the adsorption of Auramine-O (AO) dye by bagasse fly ash (BFA) and activated carbon-commercial grade (ACC) and laboratory grade (ACL). BFA is a solid waste obtained from the particulate collection equipment attached to the flue gas line of the bagasse fired boilers of cane sugar mills. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like initial pH (pH₀), contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration (C₀) for the removal of AO. Optimum conditions for AO removal were found to be pH₀ ≈ 7.0 and equilibrium time ≈30 min for BFA and ≈120 min for activated carbons. Optimum BFA, ACC and ACL dosages were found to be 1, 20 and 2 g/l, respectively. Adsorption of AO followed pseudo-second order kinetics with the initial sorption rate for adsorption on BFA being the highest followed by those on ACL and ACC. The sorption process was found to be controlled by both film and pore diffusion with film diffusion at the earlier stages followed by pore diffusion at the later stages. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of AO on BFA, ACC and ACL were analyzed by Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm equations using linear correlation coefficient. Langmuir isotherm gave the best correlation of adsorption for all the adsorbents studied. Thermodynamic study showed that adsorption of AO on ACC (with a more negative Gibbs free energy value) is more favoured. BFA which was used without any pretreatment showed high surface area, pore volume and pore size exhibiting its potential to be used as an adsorbent for the removal of AO.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbons, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dose, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Auramine-O, Bagasse, Bagasse Fly Ash, Collection, Concentration, Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Diffusion, Dye, Dye Removal, Energy, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Equipment, Experimental, Fly Ash, Freundlich, Gibbs Free Energy, Isotherm, Isotherm Equations, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Particulate, pH, Pore Diffusion, Potential, Pretreatment, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Size, Solid Waste, Sorption, Sorption Process, Surface, Surface Area, Temkin Isotherm, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Study, Value, Volume, Waste

? Vilar, V.J.P., Botelho, C.M.S. and Boaventura, R.A.R. (2007), Kinetics and equilibrium modelling of lead uptake by algae Gelidium and algal waste from agar extraction industry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (1-2), 396-408.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 396.pdf

Abstract: Pb(II) biosorption onto algae Gelidium, algal waste from agar extraction industry and a composite material was studied. Discrete and continuous site distribution models were used to describe the biosorption equilibrium at different pH (5.3, 4 and 3), considering competition among Pb(II) ions and protons. The affinity distribution function of Pb(II) on the active sites was calculated by the Sips distribution. The Langmuir equilibrium constant was compared with the apparent affinity calculated by the discrete model, showing higher affinity for lead ions at higher pH values.

Kinetic experiments were conducted at initial Pb(II) concentrations of 29–104 mg l⁻¹ and data fitted to pseudo-first Lagergren and second-order models.

The adsorptive behaviour of biosorbent particles was modelled using a batch mass transfer kinetic model, which successfully predicts Pb(II) concentration profiles at different initial lead concentration and pH, and provides significant insights on the biosorbents performance. Average values of homogeneous diffusivity, D_h, are 3.6×10⁻⁸; 6.1×10⁻⁸ and 2.4×10⁻⁸ cm² s⁻¹, respectively, for Gelidium, algal waste and composite material. The concentration of lead inside biosorbent particles follows a parabolic profile that becomes linear near equilibrium.

Keywords: Algae, Algae Gelidium, Algal Waste, Batch, Behaviour, Biosorbent, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Competition, Composite, Concentration, Data, Distribution, Equilibrium, Experiments, Extraction, Function, Gelidium, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead, Mass Transfer, Model, Modelling, Models, Particles, Pb(II), Pb(II) Ions, Performance, pH, Profiles, Second Order, Second-Order, Site, Uptake, Waste

? Covelo, E.F., Vega, F.A. and Andrade, M.L. (2007), Heavy metal sorption and desorption capacity of soils containing endogenous contaminants. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (1-2), 419-430.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 419.pdf

Abstract: Soils on serpentinites in some regions of northwestern Spain have been the subject of agricultural management practices involving the use of fertilizers and various types of organic waste containing heavy metals. Although such practices have facilitated crop growth, they have also raised the natural contents in heavy metals of the soils.

In this work, three ferralic Cambisols and another three mollic Leptosols with high Cr and Ni contents were used to study competitive sorption and desorption of six heavy metals via K_d100, which was employed as a measure of the ability of the soils to adsorb and retain each metal.

Lead was found to be the metal sorbed and retained to the greatest extent, and Cd, Ni and Zn those sorbed and retained in the smallest amounts.

Although the ferralic Cambisols were found to contain greater amounts of natural heavy metals, they exhibited an increased ability to adsorb and retain the body of metals relative to the mollic Leptosols by effect of their increased contents in clay and Fe, Mn and Al oxides, in addition to their higher ion-exchange capacity.

Based on the results, Pb and Cu are strongly bound, and Zn, Cd and Ni weakly bound, to the soils.

The ferralic Cambisols exhibited an increased capacity to adsorb and retain Cd, Ni, Zn and – especially – Cr than the mollic Leptosols; the latter, however, proved more effective in adsorbing and retaining Cu and Pb by virtue of their increased organic matter contents.

Copper sorption and retention, and Pb retention, were found to be correlated with the content in organic matter and that in vermiculite – which was only present in the mollic Leptosols – in the clay fraction.

Keywords: Sorption, Desorption, Distribution coefficients, Heavy metals, Selectivity sequences, Serpentinitic soils

? Zheng, K., Pan, B.C., Zhang, Q.J., Han, Y.H., Zhang, W.M., Pan, B.J., Xu, Z.W., Zhang, Q.R., Du, W. and Zhang, Q.X. (2007), Enhanced removal of p-chloroaniline from aqueous solution by a carboxylated polymeric sorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (1-2), 462-468.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 462.pdf

Abstract: In the present stuy a carboxylated styrene-divinylbenzene (St-DVB) polymeric sorbent (CSPS) was prepared for enhanced removal of p-chloroaniline from aqueous solution. A commercial styrene-divinylbenzene polymeric sorbent Amberlite XAD-4 was selected as the reference sorbent to evaluate the performance of CSPS. Characterization of CSPS was determined by infrared spectroscopy and pore size distribution. A p-chloroaniline sorption enhancement on CSPS at capacity about twice of Amberlite XAD-4 was observed, which was mainly attributed to the carboxyl group added on the polymeric matrix. Different pH-dependent sorption property of p-chloroaniline onto XAD-4 and CSPS was observed partly due to the role of carboxyl group. Sorption isotherm of p-chloroaniline on CSPS could be represented by Freundlich model reasonably, and that on XAD-4 was more suitable for Langmuir model. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the uptake of p-chloroaniline on CSPS and XAD-4 followed the pseudo-second order model. Moreover, breakthrough curves on CSPS further demonstrated its better performance towards p-chloroaniline removal from aqueous solution. Complete regeneration of the spent sorbent CSPS was achieved by dilute hydrochloric acid for its repeated use, implying its potential application in associated chemical wastewater treatments.

Keywords: Amberlite Xad-4, Application, Aqueous Solution, Breakthrough, Breakthrough Curves, Capacity, Carboxylation, Characterization, Chemical, Distribution, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Matrix, Model, P-Chloroaniline, Performance, Ph-Dependent, Polymeric, Polymeric Sorbent, Potential, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Regeneration, Removal, Removal Enhancement, Role, Size, Solution, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Isotherm, Spectroscopy, Uptake, Wastewater, XAD-4

? Rengaraj, S., Yeon, J.W., Kim, Y., Jung, Y., Ha, Y.K. and Kim, W.H. (2007), Adsorption characteristics of Cu(II) onto ion exchange resins 252H and 1500H: Kinetics, isotherms and error analysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143 (1-2), 469-477.

Full Text: 2007\J Haz Mat143, 469.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of Copper(II) onto Amberjet 1500H and Ambersep 252H synthetic ion exchange resins have been studied. All the studies were conducted by a batch method to determine equilibrium and kinetic studies at the solution pH of 5.8 in the concentration ranges from 10 to 20 mg/L. The experimental isotherm data were analyzed using the Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich Perterson, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich equations. Correlation co-efficient was determined for each isotherm analysis. Error functions have been used to determine the alternative single component parameters by non-linear regression due to the bias in using the correlation coefficient resulting from linearisation. From the error analysis the EABS error function provides the best parameters for the isotherm equation in this system. Adsorption kinetics data were tested using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order reaction. The initial sorption rate, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion rate constants for different initial concentrations were evaluated and discussed.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Alternative, Analysis, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Batch Method, Bias, Cd(II), Characteristics, Concentration, Copper(II), Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Cu(II), Data, Diffusion, Diffusion and Kinetics, Equilibrium, Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies, Error, Error Analysis, Error Function, Exchange, Experimental, Freundlich, Function, Functions, Intraparticle, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ion Exchange, Ion Exchange Resins, Ion-Exchange, IRN97H, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Models, Non-Linear Regression, Nonlinear Regression, Peat, pH, Preconcentration, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constants, Regression, Removal, Resins, Solution, Sorption, Thermodynamics, Waste-Water

? Zafar, M.N., Nadeem, R. and Hanif, M.A. (2007), Biosorption of nickel from protonated rice bran. Journal of Hazardous Materials,