Title: Journal of Hygiene

Title: Journal of Hypertension

ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Hypertens.

JCR Abbreviated Title: J Hypertens

ISSN: 0263-6352

Issues/Year: 12

Journal Country/Territory: United States

Language: English

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Publisher Address: 530 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19106-3621

Subject Categories:

Peripheral Vascular Disease: Impact Factor

? Chalmers, J. (1996), Treatment guidelines in hypertension: Current limitations and future solutions. Journal of Hypertension, 14 (S4), S3-S8.

Abstract: Areas of agreement Among the many guidelines and recommendations put forward by national and international authorities in recent years, them has been close agreement that the physician should assess each patient carefully over many months, should address the total profile of cardiovascular risk not just the raised blood pressure, and should treat patients right up to the age of 85 years with either classical essential hypertension or isolated systolic hypertension. The major guidelines described five groups of first-line antihypertensive drugs: diuretics, -blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium antagonists and -blockers. Areas of uncertainty in other areas, the various guidelines were either united in uncertainty, or divided on the best course of action. The availability of many new methods and approaches for the measurement of blood pressure has introduced greater uncertainty into the interpretation of the blood pressure level in the individual patient, with question marks still surrounding the interpretation of white-coat hypertension, of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and of home blood pressure readings in relation to clinic blood pressure. There is lack of uniformity in recommendations for the threshold values at which raised blood pressure should be lowered and in the recommendations for the target blood pressure the physician should set in the individual patient. Choice of drug to initiate treatment Since the publication of the major guidelines in 1993 and 1994, the greatest uncertainty has surrounded the choice of drugs to initiate treatment This reflects the fact that so far no major trials have been completed confirming that the newer agents such as ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists or -blockers reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. While awaiting the results of the many prospective randomized trials that are in progress with these newer agents, a number of case-control studies have raised concerns that non-potassium-sparing diuretics may increase the incidence of sudden cardiac death and that calcium antagonists might increase the occurrence of coronary heart disease in hypertensive subjects. Current action TheseIssues highlight the importance of initiating prospective, randomized, controlled trials early in the development of all new drugs. While awaiting the results of trials currently in progress, the physician should continue to use ail five groups of antihypertensive drugs, tailoring the choice of drug to suit the individual patient, and should use tow doses of antihypertensive drugs either alone, or in appropriate combinations.

Keywords: Choice of Drugs, Guidelines, Treatment Hypertension, Coronary Heart-Disease, Blood-Pressure, Myocardial-Infarction, Calcium-Antagonists, Breast-Cancer, Mortality, Nifedipine, Risk, Reserpine, Benefits

? Eze-Nliam, C.M., Thombs, B.D., Lima, B.B., Smith, C.G. and Ziegelstein, R.C. (2010), The association of depression with adherence to antihypertensive medications: A systematic review. Journal of Hypertension, 28 (9), 1785-1795.

Abstract: Objective To examine the strength and consistency of the evidence on the relationship between depression and adherence to antihypertensive medications. Methods The MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and ISI databases were searched from inception until 11 December 2009 for published studies of original research that assessed adherence to antihypertensive medications and used a standardized interview, validated questionnaire, or International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision code to assess depression or symptoms of depression in patients with hypertension. Manual searching was conducted on 22 selected journals. Citations of included articles were tracked using Web of Science and Google Scholar. Two investigators independently extracted data from the selected articles and discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Results Eight studies were identified that included a total of 42 790 patients. Ninety-five percent of these patients were from one study. Only four of the studies had the assessment of this relationship as a primary objective. Adherence rates varied from 29 to 91%. There were widely varying results within and across studies. All eight studies reported at least one significant bivariate or multivariate negative relationship between depression and adherence to antihypertensive medications. Insignificant findings in bivariate or multivariate analyses were reported in six of eight studies. Conclusion All studies reported statistically significant relationships between depression and poor adherence to antihypertensive medications, but definitive conclusions cannot be drawn because of substantial heterogeneity between studies with respect to the assessment of depression and adherence, as well as inconsistencies in results both within and between studies. Additional studies would help clarify this relationship. J Hypertens 28:1785-1795 (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Keywords: Adherence, Adults, Assessment, Care, Citations, Classification, Databases, Depression, Google Scholar, Health, High Blood-Pressure, Hypertension, Hypertensive Patients, Inconsistencies, Insignificant, ISI, Joint National Committee, Journals, Major Depression, Medline, Methods, Prevalence, Primary, Questionnaire, Research, Review, Science, Scopus, Self-Efficacy, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Review, United-States, Web of Science

Title: Journal of Human Hypertension

ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Hum. Hypertens.

JCR Abbreviated Title: J Hum Hypertens

ISSN: 0950-9240

Issues/Year: 12

Journal Country/Territory: England

Language: English

Publisher: Stockton Press

Publisher Address: Houndmills, Basingstoke RG21 6XS, Hampshire, England

Subject Categories:

Peripheral Vascular Disease: Impact Factor

? Hatfield, P. and Beevers, D.G. (1995), An analysis of the hypertension journals. Journal of Human Hypertension, 9 (1), 31-36.

Abstract: There are now at least nine medical journals which are exclusively related to the topic of hypertension, of which two started publication in 1992. We have conducted an analysis of the impact of these journals in the published body of medical research into hypertension as well as the reports published in 1993 by the hypertension management ‘guidelines’ committees in the UK, USA, New Zealand, Canada and the WHO. Finally an analysis was conducted of the contents of the four established hypertension journals (Hypertension, Journal of Hypertension, Journal of Human Hypertension and American Journal of Hypertension) in 1992 in relation to the country of origin of the papers and the topics covered.

Only 19% of all the hypertension papers listed in Index Medicus in 1992 were from the four established journals and only 12.6% of papers quoted in the ‘guidelines’ reports were from these journals. Most papers, and particularly the important ones, tend to be published in the weekly or monthly general medical journals.

In the contents of the four journals, Hypertension and Journal of Hypertension tended to take more papers devoted to basic science than the Journal of Human Hypertension and American Journal of Hypertension which favoured more clinically relevant papers. American papers tended to go to American journals while European and Japanese papers appeared in all journals, although the Japanese bias towards basic science meant that their contributions also appeared in the two basic science orientated journals.

The specialist hypertension journals tend to publish papers orientated towards specialists and have little immediate impact on clinical practice, although their contents may influence medical opinion leaders and national expert committees and thus indirectly influence clinical practice.

Keywords: Hypertension Journals, National Origin, Topics, Citation

? Staessen, J.A., Roels, H., Lauwerys, R.R. and Amery, A. (1995), Low-level lead exposure and blood pressure. Journal of Human Hypertension, 9 (5), 303-328.

Abstract: The possible association between low-level lead exposure and blood pressure (BP) remains debated. The purpose of this review was: (1) to determine whether the available studies in humans support a positive association, in particular at lower exposure levels (blood lead concentration < 1 µmol/l), and (2) to explore whether animal studies and the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms are supportive of a positive and causal association between lead exposure and hypertension. A meta-analysis of 23 studies included 33, 141 subjects recruited from the general population in 13 surveys and from occupational groups in 10 studies. In all but four studies the results had been adjusted for age, and most studies also considered additional confounders. The association between BP and blood lead was similar in both sexes. In all 23 studies combined, a two-fold increase in blood lead concentration was associated with a 1 mm Hg rise in the systolic pressure (CI 0.4-1.6 mm, H.G., P = 0.002) and with a 0.6 mm Hg increase in the diastolic pressure (CI 0.2-1.0 mm, H.G., P = 0.02). of 21 animal studies, one was carried out in dogs, one in pigeons and the remainder in various rat strains. In 15 studies, in which the lead dose in drinking water or food exceeded 1 p.p.m. the association between BP and exposure was found to be positive in seven, inconsistent in three, absent in four and negative in one. of the six studies at lower exposure levels (< or = 1 p.p.m.), five found a pressor effect attributable to lead. Whether the lead doses in the animal studies are equivalent to the human exposure levels and to what extent one can extrapolate from genetically heterogeneous animals to humans, remains doubtful. If a causal relation between lead exposure and hypertension exists, the proposed mechanisms may include interference of lead with ion transport across cell membranes, interactions with calcium homeostasis and calcium-mediated processes, direct vasomotor actions and the potentiation of sympathetic stimulation. Interference of lead with the balance between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and the kallikrein-kinin systems and impairment of renal function are unlikely to be implicated. On balance, the published evidence suggests that there can only be a weak positive association between BP and lead exposure. The latter relation, which is barely visible at the horizon of epidemiological observation, may not be causal in nature and is unlikely to entail any public health implication in terms of hypertension-related complications.

Keywords: Animal Experiments, Cadmium, Calcium, Lead, Population

Title: Journal of Human Movement Studies

Full Journal Title: Journal of Human Movement Studies

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? Sparrow, W.A. and Sparrow, H.T. (1991), Trends in motor behavior research: A study based on citation analysis. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 21 (4), 183-199.

Abstract: Techniques of citation analysis were applied to all articles published in the Journal of Motor Behavior from 1970 to 1989 inclusive. From the reference lists, the most frequently cited authors, articles, and journals were obtained and the impact of authors and journals followed over time. The tables of content for each issue were used to obtain the relative frequency of single and multi- authored papers and to show the most-published contributors to JMB. A “J-curve” relationship was found between number of authors and number of contributions per author, indicating that relatively few authors contributed the majority of the published articles. The frequency of citation to various authors generally supports the view (e.g., Abernethy and Sparrow, in press) that the theoretical focus of motor behavior research has shifted from information processing in the 1970s to the ecological approach to perception and action in the 1980s. An increasing number of multi-authored papers has been published over the 20 year period and the mean number of references per article has increased. This increase in the size of reference lists can be explained with reference to editorial policy and the “information explosion” in scientific output. Future directions of the field are suggested with respect to experimental tasks and key issues of research interest.

Keywords: Citation Analysis, Motor Behavior, Research Trends, Sport-Psychology, Indicators, Science

Title: Journal of Hygiene

(J. Hyg. (Lond))

Full Journal Title: Journal of Hygiene

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? Clegg, F.G., Wray, C., Duncan, A.L. and Appleyard, W.T. (1986), Salmonellosis in two dairy herds associated with a sewage farm and water reclamation plant. Journal of Hygiene, 97 (2), 237-246

Abstract: Two dairy herds, situated on a sewage farm, were monitored for the presence of salmonellas following outbreaks of Salmonella dublin infection. In addition an, S. dublin control scheme, which involved examination of adult animals and calf vaccination, was instigated. During the period 1975-84, 12 salmonella serotypes and 10 phage types of, S. typhimurium were isolated from the cattle and their environment although their presence was seldom associated with disease. Two adult, S. dublin excreters were detected but it was concluded that none of the tests employed to examine the adult animals was sensitive enough. The prevalence of disease in the calves was low and although vaccination may have been beneficial it did not eradicate, S. dublin infection. Thus, S. dublin persisted in adults and calves during the 8-year period but its presence was seldom associated with disease. The results are discussed with regards the disease risk to animals from the agricultural use of sewage sludge and the public health aspects.

Title: Journal of Hygiene Epidemiology Microbiology and Immunology

(J. Hyg. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol.)

Full Journal Title: Journal of Hygiene Epidemiology Microbiology and Immunology

ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Hyg. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol.

JCR Abbreviated Title: J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol

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? Tensay, Z.W. (1991), Bacteriological quality of drinking water in Kaffa administrative region, south west Ethiopia. Journal of Hygiene Epidemiology Microbiology and Immunology, 35 (3), 251-258.

Abstract: From May 1985 to June, (1986), 21 water supply sources in 3 districts and 6 sub districts of Kaffa Administrative region, south west Ethiopia were surveyed. All together Eighty water samples were collected and bacteriological examinations were done in a public health laboratory in the region. The field survey have shown that the so called protected springs are in un desirable sanitary conditions. Bacteriological quality of the water was also found in unacceptable level (More than 50 coliform organisms per 100 ml. of samples). The poor quality of water may be responsible for the predominance of water born and related diseases observed in the region. Therefore a prior consideration should be given to improve the quality of water, and sewage disposal system. To obtain and maintain good quality water an integrated plan and work system between the various governmental agencies is crucial.

? Bolbol, A.S. (1992), Risk of contamination of human and agricultural environment with parasites through reuse of treated municipal wastewater in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Hygiene Epidemiology Microbiology and Immunology, 36 (4), 330-337.

Abstract: Two selected sites in the Riyadh metropolitan area were surveyed for the presence of human pathogenic parasites in treated municipal wastewater (TMWW). A total of 100 samples were collected from both sites at two different seasons, the winter and summer reason. The most common parasites seen were the larvae and adult of Strongyloides sp. There were few Ascaris lumbricoides ova, some of which were embryonated and possibly infective, while the highest frequency of Ascaris ova (100 +/litre) was found at site 2 h, the highest frequency of Strongyloides sp. larvae (36-72/litre) and Strongyloides sp. adult (100 +/litre) were found at sites 2 W and 1 W respectively. The variation between sites and seasonal fluctuations showed a significant difference in parasite per litre. High atmospheric temperatures in the Riyadh area seem to be lethal to most intestinal pathogens similarly the absence of protozoal cysts in the TMWW could be attributed to certain treatment processes and other environmental factors. Data obtained from this study will be valuable in planning for the control of parasitic diseases in particular and public health pathogens in general.

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