Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat155, 327.pdf

Abstract: Biosorption of nickel and copper ions from aqueous solution onto treated alga biomass Undaria pinnatifida has been studied and the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkine equilibrium isotherms, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetic model were determined respectively. Within the test range (initial concentration 5-50 mg/L, biosorption doze 0.1-0.5 g, pH 3-7), biosorption performance for metal ions showed an increase in specific metal uptake capacity with an increasing in initial ions concentration and decreasing in biosorbent doze. The optimized condition of pH value for nickel and copper is 4.7 and 4.0, respectively, while contact time is about 100 min. At equilibrium, the maximum total uptake by U. pinnatifida was 24.71 mg/g for nickel and 38.82 mg/g for copper. The results for nickel and copper fit well to the Langmuir and the Temkin isotherm, respectively. Pseudo-second-order model described well the sorption kinetic of nickel and copper ions in comparison to pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetic model. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Aqueous Solution, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Capacity, Comparison, Concentration, Copper, Diffusion, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Heavy Metal, Intra-Particle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Langmuir, Metal, Metal Ions, Metal Uptake, Model, Models, Nickel, Performance, pH, pH Value, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Solution, Sorption, Temkin Isotherm, Treated Alga, U, Uptake, Value

? Pehlivan, E. and Altun, T. (2008), Biosorption of chromium(VI) ion from aqueous solutions using walnut, hazelnut and almond shell. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155 (1-2), 378-384.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat155, 378.pdf

Abstract: The potential to remove Cr(VI) ion from aqueous solutions through biosorption using, the shells of Walnut (WNS) (Juglans regia), Hazelnut (HNS) (Corylus avellana) and Almond (AS) (Prunus dulcis) was investigated in batch experiments. The equilibrium adsorption level was determined to be a function of the solution contact time and concentration. Kinetic experiments revealed that the dilute chromium solutions reached equilibrium within 100 min. The biosorptive capacity of the shells was dependent on the pH of the chromium solution, with pH 3.5 being optimal. Adsorption of Cr(VI) ion uptake is in all cases pH-dependent showing a maximum at equilibrium pH values between 2.0 and 3.5, depending on the biomaterial, that correspond to equilibrium pH values of 3.5 for (WNS), 3.5 for (HNS) and 3.2 for (AS). The adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir isotherm model. The sorption process conformed to the Langmuir isotherm with maximum Cr(VI) ion sorption capacities of 8.01, 8.28, and 3.40 mg/g for WNS, HNS and AS, respectively. Percentage removal by WNS, HNS and AS was 85.32, 88.46 and 55.00%, respectively at a concentration of 0.5 mM. HNS presented the highest adsorption capacities for the Cr(VI) ion. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Shell, Low-Cost Adsorbent, Batch Model, Chromium, Adsorption, Walnut, Hazelnut, Almond, Sulfurized Activated Carbon, Agricultural By-Products, Hexavalent Chromium, Waste-Water, Metal-Ions, Heavy-Metals, Exchange-Resins, Citric-Acid, Brown Coals, Removal

? Wu, F.C. and Tseng, R.L. (2008), Liquid-solid phase countercurrent multi-stage adsorption process for using the Langmuir equation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155 (3), 449-458.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat155, 499.pdf

Abstract: Mass balance and the Langmuir equation were used to deduct the countercurrent multi-stage adsorption process. The relationships between the Langmuir parameter (KLyi) and the required amounts of adsorbent in countercurrent two-, three- and infinite-stage processes were obtained to find the optimum number of stages as well as the reduction in the adsorbent consumption of the countercurrent multi-stage process of an adsorption system. Pistachio shell activated carbons with BET surface areas of 1013, 1398, and 1919 m²/g were obtained by KOH activation with CO₂ gasification at gasification times of 0, 10, and 30 min. The isotherm adsorption of four adsorbates were investigated and analyzed with the Langmuir equation. The activated carbons studied in this work show compared with other published literatures, the KLyi and qmon values in this work showed excellent adsorption performance. The amount of activated carbon for a countercurrent two- and single stage adsorption operation was calculated, a saving of 66-87% adsorbent was obtained. A simple countercurrent two-stage adsorption system was designed for use in engineering applications.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbons, Activation, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Performance, Adsorption Process, BET, Carbon, CO₂, Consumption, Countercurrent Multi-Stage, Engineering, Equilibrium-Stage, Isotherm, KOH, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Multi-Stage, Operation, Performance, Reduction, Surface, Surface Areas, Work

? Oliveira, L.S., Franca, A.S., Alves, T.M. and Rocha, S.D.F. (2008), Evaluation of untreated coffee husks as potential biosorbents for treatment of dye contaminated waters. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155 (3), 507-512.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat155, 507.pdf

Abstract: The objective of this work was to propose an alternative use for coffee husks (CH), a coffee processing residue, as untreated sorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution temperature, pH, biosorbent dosage and contact time on MB removal were investigated. The experimental adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The biosorption kinetics was determined by fitting first and second-order kinetic models to the experimental data, with the second-order model providing the best description of MB adsorption onto coffee husks. pH variations did not present a significant effect on MB removal. Evaluation of thermodynamics parameters indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. The experimental data obtained in the present study demonstrated coffee husks to be suitable candidates for use as biosorbents in the removal of cationic dyes. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Agricultural Waste, Alternative, Aqueous Solutions, Biosorbent, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Biosorption Kinetics, Cationic Dyes, Data, Dye, Dyes, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experimental, First, Freundlich, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Mb, Methylene Blue, Model, Models, pH, Potential, Removal, Second Order, Second-Order, Second-Order Model, Solution, Solutions, Sorbents, Temperature, Thermodynamics, Toxic Pollutants, Treatment, Waters, Work

? Sangi, M.R., Shahmoradi, A., Zolgharnein, J., Azimi, G.H. and Ghorbandoost, M. (2008), Removal and recovery of heavy metals from aqueous solution using Ulmus carpinifolia and Fraxinus excelsior tree leaves. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155 (3), 513-522.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat155, 513.pdf

Abstract: Ulmus carpinifolia and Fraxinus excelsior tree leaves, which are in great supply in Iran, were evaluated for removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution. Maximum biosorption capacities for U. carpinifolia and E excelsior were measured as 201.1, 172.0 mg/g for Pb(II), 80.0, 67.2 mg/g for Cd(II) and 69.5, 33.1 mg/g for Cu(II), respectively. For both sorbents the most effective pH range was found to be 2-5 for Pb(II), 3-5 for Cd(II) and 4-5 for Cu(II). Metal ion biosorption increased as the ratio of metal solution to the biomass quantity decreased. Conversely, biosorption/g biosorbent decreased as the quantity of biomass increased. The biosorption of metal ions increased as the initial metal concentration increased. Biosorption capacities of metal ions were in the following order: Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Cu(II). The equilibrium data for Pb(II) and Cu(II) best fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Kinetic studies showed that the biosorption rates could be described by a second-order expression. Both the sorbents could be regenerated using 0.2 M HCl during repeated biosorption-desorption cycles with no loss in the efficiency of the Cu(II) removal observed. Biosorption of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) was investigated in the presence of Na, K, Mg and Ca ions. The results from these studies show a novel way of using U. carpinifolia and F excelsior tree leaves to remove Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) from metal-polluted waters. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherm Model, Adsorption Isotherms, Aqueous Solution, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Biosorption Kinetics, Biosorption-Desorption, Black Gram Husk, Cadmium, Cd(II), Chlorella-Sorokiniana, Cu(II), Cu(II) Removal, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Expression, Heavy Metals, Ions, Iran, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Langmuir, Lead, Marine-Algae, Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Model, Pb(II), pH, Recovery, Removal, Rights, Second Order, Second-Order, Solution, Sorbents, Sorption, Ulmus Carpinifolia and Fraxinus Excelsior Tree Leaves

? Singh, R.K., Kumar, S., Kumar, S. and Kumar, A. (2008), Development of parthenium based activated carbon and its utilization for adsorptive removal of p-cresol from aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155 (3), 523-535.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat155, 523.pdf

Abstract: The activated carbon was prepared from carbonaceous agriculture waste Parthenium hysterophorous by chemical activation using concentrated H2SO4 at 130 +/- 5 degrees C. The prepared activated carbon was characterized and was found as an effective adsorbent material. In order to test the efficacy of parthenium based activated carbon (PAC), batch experiments were performed to carryout the adsorption studies on PAC for the removal of highly toxic pollutant p-cresol from aqueous solution. The p-cresol adsorption studies were also carried out on commercial grade activated carbon (AC) to facilitate comparison between the adsorption capabilities of PAC and AC. For PAC and AC, the predictive capabilities of two types of kinetic models and six types of adsorption equilibrium isotherm models were examined. The effect of pH of solution, adsorbent dose and initial p-cresol concentration on adsorption behaviour was investigated, as well. The adsorption on PAC and on AC was found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics with rate constant 0.0016 min(-1) and 0.0050 min(-1), respectively. The highest adsorptive capacity of PAC and AC for p-cresol solution was attained at pH 6.0. Further, as an adsorbent PAC was found to be as good as AC for removal of p-cresol upto a concentration of 500 mg/l in aqueous solution. Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Fritz-Schlunder models were found to be appropriate isotherm models for PAC while Toth, Radke-Prausnitz and Fritz-Schlunder were suitable models for AC to remove p-cresol from aqueous solution. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activation, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetics, Agricultural Waste, Capacity, Chemical Activation, Coal, Conversion Waste-Water, Efficacy, Equilibrium, FIR Wood, Freundlich, Hysterophorus, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, P-Cresol, PAC, Parthenium Hysterophorous, pH, Phenolic-Compounds, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Rate Constant, Removal, Substituted Phenols, Utilization

? Lima, É.C., Royer, B., Vaghetti, J.C.P., Simon, N.M., da Cunha, B.M., Pavan, F.A., Benvenutti, E.V., Cataluña-Veses, R. and Airoldi, C. (2008), Application of Brazilian pine-fruit shell as a biosorbent to removal of reactive red 194 textile dye from aqueous solution Kinetics and equilibrium study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155 (3), 536-550.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat155, 536.pdf

Abstract: The Brazilian pine-fruit shell (Araucaria angustifolia) is a food residue, that was used as biosorbent for the removal of non-hydrolyzed reactive red 194 (NRR) and hydrolyzed reactive red 194 (HRR) forms from aqueous solutions. Chemical treatment of Brazilian pine-fruit shell (PW), with chromium (Cr-PW), with acid (A-PW), and with acid followed by chromium (Cr-A-PW) were also tested as alternative biosorbents for the removal of NRR and HRR from aqueous effluents. It was observed that the treatment of the Brazilian pine-fruit shell with chromium (Cr-PW and Cr-A-PW) leaded to a remarkable increase in the specific surface area and average porous volume of these biosorbents when compared to unmodified Brazilian pine-fruit shell (PW).

The effects of shaking time, biosorbent dosage and pH on biosorption capacity were studied. In acidic pH region (pH 2.0) the biosorption of NRR and HRR were favorable. The contact time required to obtain the equilibrium was 24 h at 25C.

The equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models. For NRR reactive dye the equilibrium data were best fitted to the Sips isotherm model using PW and A-PW as biosorbents, and Redlich-Peterson isotherm model using Cr-PW and Cr-A-PW as biosorbents. For HRR reactive dye the equilibrium data were best fitted to the Sips isotherm model using PW, A-PW and Cr-A-PW and the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model for Cr-PW as biosorbent. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Biosorption, Brazilian Pine-Fruit Shell, Modified Biosorbent, Reactive Red 194, Isotherms, Araucaria-Angustifolia Wastes, Methylene-Blue Biosorption, Yellow Passion-Fruit, Statistical Design, Activated Carbons, Batch Conditions, Mandarin Peels, Acid Dye, Adsorption, Sorption

? Hameed, B.H. and El-Khaiary, M.I. (2008), Removal of basic dye from aqueous medium using a novel agricultural waste material: Pumpkin seed hull. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 155 (3), 601-609.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat155, 601.pdf

Abstract: In this work, pumpkin seed hull (PSH), an agricultural solid waste, is proposed as a novel material for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The effects of the initial concentration, agitation time and solution pH were studied in batch experiments at 30C. The equilibrium process was described well by the multilayer adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetics can be predicted by the pseudo-first-order and the modified pseudo-first-order models. The mechanism of adsorption was also studied. It was found that for a short time period the rate of adsorption is controlled by film diffusion. However, at longer adsorption times, pore-diffusion controls the rate of adsorption. Pore diffusion takes place in two distinct regimes, corresponding to diffusion in macro- and mesopores. The results demonstrate that the PSH is very effective in the removal of MB from aqueous solutions.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetics, Agitation, Agricultural, Agricultural Solid Waste, Agricultural Waste, Aqueous Medium, Aqueous Solutions, Basic Dye, Batch, Batch Experiments, Concentration, Diffusion, Dye, Equilibrium, Experiments, Film Diffusion, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetics, MB, Mechanism, Mechanism of Adsorption, Methylene Blue, Models, Modified, Multilayer, pH, Pore Diffusion, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pumpkin Seed Hull, Removal, Solid Waste, Solution, Solutions, Waste, Waste Material, Work

? Tofan, L., Paduraru, C., Bilba, D. and Rotariu, M. (2008), Thermal power plants ash as sorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions from wastewaters. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 1-8.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat156, 1.pdf

Abstract: This study concerns the sorption of copper(II) and zinc(II) ions on an energy pit coal fly ash, a massive by-product of a thermal power station in Iasi, Romania. In order to establish the optimum conditions of Cu(II) and Zn(II) sorption on the fly ash, the influence of experimental conditions (solution pH, adsorbent dose and metal ion concentration, temperature and contact time) was studied. The equilibrium data at three different temperatures were processed using the Langmuir isotherm model. The monolayer sorption capacities of energy pit coal fly ash are 4.71 mg/g and 5.75 mg/g for copper and zinc ions, respectively, at 18 degrees C. The thermodynamic parameters of Cu(II) and Zn(II) sorption process on the fly ash were also evaluated based on the Langmuir constant. Finally, the kinetic description of Cu(II) and Zn(II) sorption was performed by using the Lagergren pseudo-first-order equation. The results of this study suggest that fly ash may be a promising sorbent provided for environmental technologies in the future. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Aqueous-Solution, Chromium(VI), Copper, Copper(II), Cu(II), Energy, Environmental, Equilibrium, Experimental, Fly Ash, Fly-Ash, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal, Metal Ion, Model, Nickel(II), pH, Plants, Power, Pseudo-First-Order, Red Mud, Removal, Sorbent, Sorption, Thermodynamic Parameters, Waste-Water, Zinc, Zinc(II), Zn(II)

? Nadeema, R., Ansaria, T.M. and Khalidb, A.M. (2008), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic characterization and optimization of Pb(II) biosorption by fish (Labeo rohita) scales. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 64-73.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat156, 64.pdf

Abstract: The present study reports the use of locally available fish (Labeo rohita) scales for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions under different experimental conditions. Maximum Pb(II) adsorption (196.8 mg g⁻¹) occurred at pH 3.5. Pb(II) sorption was found to be pH, dose, initial metal concentration, contact time and shaking speed dependent while particle size and temperature independent. Experimental data of Pb(II) biosorption onto fish scales fitted well to Freundlich isotherm model in comparison to the model of Langmuir. The fast adsorption process in first 30 min followed by subsequent slow adsorption rate was suitably described by pseudo-second order model. In addition, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of physical and chemical pretreatments on surface properties of fish scales by the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic analysis. Physical pretreatments resulted in partial degradation of some functional groups. Alkaline pretreatments of fish scales did not have any significant influence on the nature of functional groups responsible for Pb(II) uptake, while acidic pretreatments resulted in degeneration of the most of functional groups on biosorbent cell wall. FTIR analysis confirmed the involvement of amino, carboxylic, phosphate and carbonyl groups in Pb(II) biosorption by fish scales.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Rate, Analysis, Application, Aqueous Solutions, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cell Wall, Characterization, Chemical, Comparison, Concentration, Data, Degradation, Experimental, First, Fish, Fish Scales, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, FTIR, Functional Groups, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Isotherms, Labeo Rohita, Langmuir, Metal, Model, Optimization, Particle Size, Pb(II), pH, Phosphate, Physical, Pretreatments, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Scales, Size, Solutions, Sorption, Surface, Surface Properties, Temperature, Uptake

? Dey, R.K. and Airoldi, C. (2008), Designed pendant chain covalently bonded to silica gel for cation removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 95-101.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat156, 95.pdf

Abstract: The precursor 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine organofunctionalized silica gel reacted with methylacrylate to yield a new inorganic-organic chelating material, by adopting a heterogeneous and divergent synthetic approach. The synthesized materials were characterized through elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques such as infrared, nuclear magnetic nuclei of carbon-13 and silicon-29. Due to the increment of basic centers attached to the pendant chains the metal adsorption capability of the final chelating material, was found to be higher than its precursor. The adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solution followed the order Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Co²⁺. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models were found to be applicable for the adsorption of copper, with the equilibrium parameter value within zero to one. The competitive sorption behavior, with variation of pH, was favorable for the separation of copper from binary mixtures with nickel and cobalt. When sodium, potassium and magnesium cations are present in the medium little effects on adsorption were observed, thus suggesting that the synthesized material can be useful for removal of toxic/heavy metal ions from natural and wastewater systems. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 4,4’-Diaminodiphenylether, Adsorption, Analyses, Approach, Aqueous Solution, Atomic-Absorption-Spectrometry, Behavior, Binary Mixtures, Cation, Cation Removal, Chelating Material, Co²⁺, Cobalt, Competitive, Copper, Cu²⁺, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Gel, Langmuir, Magnesium, Magnetic, Metal, Metal Adsorption, Metal Ions, Metal-Ions, Models, Ni²⁺, Nickel, Nitrogen, Organofunctionalized Silica, pH, Polymers, Potassium, Removal, Rights, Schiff-Bases, Separation, Silica, Silica Gel, Sodium, Solid, Liquid Interface, Solution, Sorption, Surface, Systems, Techniques, Thermodynamics, Value, Wastewater

? Akhtar, K., Akhtar, A.W. and Khalid, A.M. (2008), Removal and recovery of zirconium from its aqueous solution by Candida tropicalis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 156 (1-3), 108-117.

Full Text: 2008\J Haz Mat156, 108.pdf

Abstract: Removal and recovery of zirconium from dilute aqueous solutions by Candida tropicalis used as biosorbent, was studied by performing biosorption-desorption tests. This biosorbent was selected after screening a range of microbial species. The process was found to be highly dependent on initial pH and concentration of metal solution. At optimized experimental parameters, the maximum zirconium biosorption capacity of C tropicalis was 179 mg Zr g^-1 dry weight of biosorbent. The adsorption distribution coefficient value of 3968 ml g^-1 was obtained for zirconium biosorption by C. tropicalis. Different theoretical thermodynamic models governing the adsorption behavior of zirconium were also tested. Zirconium biosorption was found to closely follow the Langmuir model. At low biomass concentrations it was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. However when higher biomass concentrations were used kinetics was changed to pseudo-second-order. The zirconium bound to the biomass was stripped out (60.2% at S/L of 1.0 g of zirconium loaded biomass/l of eluent) using sodium bicarbonate and the biomass could be used for multiple sorption-desorption cycles. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Behavior, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption-Desorption, Candida, Candida Tropicalis, Capacity, Concentration, Distribution, Distribution Coefficient, Experimental, Freundlich Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Metal, Microbial, Model, Models, pH, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First- and Second-Order Kinetics, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-First-Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Recovery, Removal, Screening, Sodium, Solution, Solutions, Sorption-Desorption, Species, Thermodynamic, Value, Zirconium Biosorption

? Jha, V.K., Kameshima, Y., Nakajima, A. and Okada, K. (2008), Utilization of steel-making slag for the uptake of ammonium and phosphate ions from aqueous solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials,