Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1422.pdf

Abstract: The static and dynamic sorption of phenanthrene (Phe) in three types of mangrove sediment slurries (sandy. silty and muddy) were described by three models, namely linear model, Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm was the best model to describe the static sorption behavior of Phe in mangrove sediment Slurry with the regression coefficients ranging from 0.96 to 0.99. In static sorption, the sorption capacity and sorption intensity were reduced with the inoculation of Sphingomonas, a PAH-degrading bacterial isolate, suggesting that the inoculum even though inactive and/or dead would enhance bioavailability of Phe. On the other hand, the static sorption of Phe was significantly enhanced at high salinity (20 ppt) while no difference was found at low salinities ranging from 5 to 15 ppt. During the dynamic sorption process, i.e. with biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms and the inoculation of Sphingomonas, linear regression was the most suitable model to describe Phe sorption behavior. The partition coefficient a was the highest in silty sediment, followed by sandy sediment and the muddy sediment had the lowest value. These results indicated that the sorption behavior of Phe changed from non-linear to linear when biodegradation took place and the silty mangrove sediment slurry had the highest sorption affinity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Bioavailability, Biodegradation, Biodegradation, Black Carbon, Capacity, Elsevier, Freundlich, Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm, Freundlich Isotherm, Hong-Kong, Humic Substances, Hydrophobic Organic-Compounds, Isotherm, Linear Model, Linear Regression, Mass-Transfer, Models, Pah-Degrader, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Polycyclic Aromatic-Hydrocarbons, Sediment, Soil, Sorption, Waste-Water

? Fereidouni, M., Daneshi, A. and Younesi, H. (2009), Biosorption equilibria of binary Cd(II) and Ni(II) systems onto Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Ralstonia eutropha cells: Application of response surface methodology. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1437-1448.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1437.pdf

Abstract: Present study investigated the biosorption of Cd(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution onto Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Ralstonio eutropha non-living biomass. Biomass inactivated by heat and pretreated by ethanol was used in determination of optimum conditions. The important process parameters, such as initial solution pH (2-8),initial Ni(II) concentration (11-42 mg/l), initial Cd(II) concentration (11-42 mg/l), and biomass dosage (0.2-4.7 g/l) were optimized using design of experiments (DOE). A central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate and optimize the efficiency of removing each adsorbent. Moreover, the two responses were simultaneously studied by using a numerical optimization methodology. The optimum removal efficiency of Cd(IQ and Ni(II) onto S. cerevisiae was determined as 43.4 and 65.5% at 7.1 initial solution pH, 4.07 g/l biomass dosage, 16 mg/l initial Ni(II) concentration and 37 mg/l initial Cd(II) concentration. The optimum removal efficiency of Cd(II) and Ni(II) onto R. eutropha was ascertained as 52.7 and 50.1% at 5.0 initial solution pH, 2.32 g/l biomass dosage, 28 mg/l initial Ni(II) concentration and 37 mg/l initial Cd(II) concentration. The present analysis suggests that the predicted values are in good agreement with experimental data. The characteristics of the possible interactions between biosorbents and metal ions were also evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Aqueous, Aqueous-Solution, Aspergillus-Niger, Bakers-Yeast, Biomass, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Cadmium Biosorption, Cd(II), Composite, Elsevier, Ethanol, FT-IR, FTIR, Heavy-Metals, Immobilized Activated-Sludge, Metal, Metal Ions, Ni(II), Packed-Bed, pH, Ralstonia Eutropha, Removal, RSM, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, SEM, Spectroscopy, Waste-Water

? Açikel, Ü. and Alp, T. (2009), A study on the inhibition kinetics of bioaccumulation of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions using Rhizopus delemar. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1449-1458.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1449.pdf

Abstract: The microbial growth and simultaneous bioaccumulation of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions during the growth of Rhizopus delemar in molasses medium was investigated in a batch system. The level of Cu(II) and Ni(II) bioaccumulation and microbial growth was dependent on pH, molasses sucrose concentration and initial Cu(II) and Ni(II) ion concentrations. An increase in initial total metal ion concentration inhibited both the growth rate of fungus and the bioaccumulation capacity. Lineweaver-Burk plot of Monod equation was used to study the inhibition kinetics of bioaccumulation of Cu(II) and Ni(II) and the intrinsic and apparent model parameters were evaluated in metals-free and metals-contaminated fermentation media. The maximum specific growth rate (mu(m)) and the Monod constant (K-s) of microorganism in metals-free media were found as 0.405 L/h and 3.977 g/L, respectively. As mu(m) remained constant in the presence of increasing concentrations of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions, the combined inhibition of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions on the growth rate of R. delemar was found to be a competitive inhibition. The inhibition constants for Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions were determined as 56.71 mg Cu(II)/L and 47.44 mg Ni(II)/L. As the bioaccumulation of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions was reduced by the presence of increasing concentrations of the other metal ion, compared with the single-metal systems, the individual action of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions on the bioaccumulation of R. delemar was generally found to be antagonistic. On the other hand, the total combined effects of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions on the bioaccumulation of R. delemar are thought to be synergistic since the total bioaccumulated metal ion quantities per unit mass of biomass were higher than those obtained in the growth media containing Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions alone at the same concentrations. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Accumulation, Adsorption, Batch System, Bioaccumulation, Biomass, Biosorption Equilibria, Cadmium, Capacity, Chromium(VI), Copper, Cu(II), Elsevier, Fungus, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy-Metals, Inhibition Kinetics, Kinetics, Lead, Metal, Microorganism, Ni(II), Nickel, pH, Rhizopus Delemar, System

? Bayram, E., Hoda, N. and Ayranci, E. (2009), Adsorption/electrosorption of catechol and resorcinol onto high area activated carbon cloth. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1459-1466.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1459.pdf

Abstract: Removal of catechol and resorcinol from aqueous solutions by adsorption and electrosorption onto high area activated carbon cloth (ACC) was investigated. Kinetics of both adsorption and electrosorption were followed by in-situ UV-spectroscopic method and the data were treated according to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. It was found that the adsorption and electrosorption of these compounds onto ACC follows pseudo-second-order model. pH changes during adsorption and electrosorption were followed and discussed with regard to the interaction between ACC and adsorbate molecules, utilizing the pH_pzc value of ACC. An electrodesorption experiment was conducted to explore the possibility of regeneration of ACC. Adsorption isotherms were derived at 25°C on the basis of batch analysis. The fits of experimental isotherm data to the well-known Freundlich, Langmuir and Tempkin models were examined. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon Cloth, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Analysis, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solution, Batch, Carbon, Catechol, Changes, Data, Diffusion, Electrochemically Enhanced Adsorption, Electrosorption, Electrosorption, Equilibrium, Experiment, Experimental, Felt Electrodes, Fibers, Freundlich, In Situ, Interaction, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Model, Models, pH, pH_pzc, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Regeneration, Removal, Resorcinol, Rights, Situ UV-Spectroscopy, Solutions, Value, Waste-Water Purification

? Saeed, A., Iqbal, M. and Höll, W.H. (2009), Kinetics, equilibrium and mechanism of Cd²⁺ removal from aqueous solution by mungbean husk. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1467-1475.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1467.pdf

Abstract: Mungbean husk (mbh), an agrowaste material, was investigated as a new sorbent for the removal of Cd²⁺ from aqueous solution. The maximum removal of Cd²⁺ was found to be 35.41 mg g^-1 at pH 5.0, 500 mg l^-1 initial Cd²⁺ concentration and 5 g l^-1 sorbent dosage. Sorption kinetics and equilibria followed pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm equations. The mechanism of Cd²⁺ adsorption on mbh was investigated by DRIFT spectroscopy, SEM-EDX analysis, and by monitoring the release of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺) during the uptake of Cd²⁺. DRIFT spectra of mbh showed the presence of amino, carboxyl, carbonyl and hydroxyl as the major functional groups involved in the sorption of Cd²⁺. The sum of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺ and K⁺ released from mbh with the quantitatively equivalent uptake of Cd²⁺ indicated that the main mechanism of Cd²⁺ adsorption was ion exchange. EDX analysis data supported the hypothesis of the involvement of ion exchange, as alkali and alkaline earth metal cations were noted to disappear in EDX spectrum of mbh after the uptake of Cd²⁺. No significant loss in Cd²⁺ sorption capacity of regenerated mbh was noted during reuse for five successive sorption-desorption cycles. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Agrowaste, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Black Gram Husk, Cadmium, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd²⁺, Concentration, Data, Drift, EDX, Equilibria, Equilibrium, Functional Groups, Heavy-Metal Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Isotherm, Isotherm Equations, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead, Mechanism, Metal, Modeling, Monitoring, Mungbean Husk, Na⁺, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Recovery, Release, Removal, Reuse, Rights, SEM-EDX, Solution, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Sorption Kinetics, Sorption Mechanism, Sorption-Desorption, Spectroscopy, Uptake, Waste-Water

? Guerra, D.L., Viana, R.R. and Airoldi, C. (2009), Adsorption of thorium cation on modified clays MTTZ derivative. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1504-1511.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1504.pdf

Abstract: Diquite (D) and bentonite (B) mineral samples from the Amazon region, Brazil. were modified by MTTZ derivative (5-mercapto-1-methyltetrazole) using heterogeneous route. These materials were characterized by textural and elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), power X-ray diffraction and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The chemically modified clay (D-MTTZ and B-MTTZ) samples showed modification of its physical-chemical properties including: specific area 41.4 (B) to 398.5 m² g^-1 (B-MTTZ) and 25.0 (D) to 178.8 m² g^-1 (D-MTTZ). The adsorption experiments performed under batch process with Th(IV) concentration, pH and contact time as variables. The ability of these materials to remove thorium from aqueous solution was followed by a series of adsorption isotherms adjusted to a Sips equation at room temperature and pH 2.0, with variable concentration of Th(IV). The maximum number of moles adsorbed was determined to be 10.4510^-2 and 12.7610^-2 mmol g^-1 for D-MTTZ and B-MTTZ, respectively. The energetic effects (ΔH-int degrees, ΔG and ΔS_int) caused by thorium cation adsorption were determined through calorimetric titrations. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Acid Activation, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Amazon, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch Process, Bentonite, Brazil, C-13, Cation, Clay, Clays, Concentration, Contact Time, Diquite, Electron Microscopy, Experiments, Intercalation, Ionic-Strength, Isotherms, Mesoporous Silica, Modification, Modified, Modified Clay, Modified Clays, NMR, pH, Power, Removal, Room Temperature, Route, Silica-Gel, Solution, Sorption, Spectroscopy, TEM, Temperature, Th(IV), Thermodynamic, Thorium, Transmission, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction

? Shamspur, T. and Mostafavi, A. (2009), Application of modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a sorbent for simultaneous separation and preconcentration trace amounts of Au(III) and Mn(II). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1548-1553.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1548.pdf

Abstract: A solid phase extraction procedure is proposed for simultaneous separation and preconcentration trace amounts of Au(III) and Mn(II) in an aqueous medium by using a column of multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with the analytical reagent N,N’-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,2’(aminophenylthio)ethane. An implementation, it was found that the sorption is quantitative in the pH range 5.0-7.5, whereas quantitative desorption occurs instantaneously with 4.0 mL of 0.1 mol L^-1 Na₂S₂O₃. Selected elements were also determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Linearity was maintained between 0.2 ng mL^-1 to 25 g mL^-1 for gold and 0.08 ng mL^-1 to 5 g mL^-1 for manganese in the original solution. Various parameters such as the effect of pH, flow rate, type and amount of eluent, breakthrough volume and interference of a large number of anions and cations on the recovery of the selected ions was studied. Under optimum conditions, the detection limits (3 s, n = 10) for analytes were 0.03 ng mL^-1 (gold) and 0.01 ng mL^-1 (manganese). The method was successfully applied for separation and determination of gold and manganese ions in water and standard samples. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Absorption, Aqueous, Atomic-Absorption-Spectrometry, Carbon, Carbon Nanotubes, Chromium, Desorption, Elsevier, Enrichment, Environmental-Samples, Gold Determination, Heavy-Metal Ions, Liquid-Chromatography, Manganese Determination, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, Nanotubes, Online, pH, Preconcentration, Recovery, Silica-Gel, Solid-Phase Extraction, Sorption, Water, Water Samples

? Zhu, R.L., Zhu, L.Z., Zhu, J.X., Ge, F. and Wang, T. (2009), Sorption of naphthalene and phosphate to the CTMAB-Al₁₃ intercalated bentonites. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1590-1594.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1590.pdf

Abstract: This work aimed to develop novel bentonite based sorbents that could simultaneously remove hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and phosphate from water. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB) and hydroxy-aluminum (Al-13) were used to intercalate bentonite simultaneously or sequentially to prepare series of inorganic-organic bentonites (IOBs). Structures of the prepared IOBs were characterized, and their sorptive characteristics towards naphthalene and phosphate were investigated. Results showed that both CTMAB and Al-13 could intercalate into bentonite’s interlayers if they were simultaneously used or if CTMAB was first used for the intercalation. The resulting IOBs were as effective as the CTMAB modified bentonites in sorption of naphthalene from water, and they were shown to be more effective in sorption of phosphate from water than the Al-13 pillared bentonite. However, if Al-13 was first used for the intercalation, the interlayers of the bentonites would be “locked” by the intercalated Al-13, and thus CTMAB could hardly further intercalate bentonite. As a result, the obtained IOBs showed weak sorption efficiency towards naphthalene, and its sorption capacity towards phosphate was also lower than the corresponding Al-13 pillared bentonites. Results of this work showed that IOBs prepared with proper processes could be efficient sorbents towards both HOCs and phosphate. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Aluminum, Bentonite, Capacity, Chromate, Elsevier, Hydrophobic Organic Compounds, Inorganic-Organic Bentonites, Montmorillonite Complexes, Naphthalene, Organic Compounds, Organic-Compounds, Oxide, Phosphate, Pillared Clays, Removal, Sorption, Surface-Structure, Wastewater, Water

? Nadeem, R., Hanif, M.A., Mahmood, A., Jamil, M.S. and Ashraf, M. (2009), Biosorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous effluents by blackgram bran (BGB). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168 (2-3), 1622-1625.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat168, 1622.pdf

Abstract: Biosorption of Cu(II) ions onto blackgram bran (BGB) waste biomass in a well stirred batch system was investigated and optimum conditions were determined. The maximum Cu(II) uptake capacity of BGB was 107.65 mg L^-1 at pH 5, biosorbent dose 0.025 g/100 mL, biosorbent particle size <0.250 mm at an initial metal concentration of 50 mg L^-1 achieved after equilibrium time of 480 min. The equilibrium data fitted very well to Langmuir isotherm model as compared to the isothermal model of Freundlich. The pseudo 1st and 2nd order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data. The experimental data fitted well to 2nd order kinetic model. Due to its outstanding Cu(II) ions uptake capacity, BGB biomass proved to be an excellent material of bioorigin for accumulating Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Activated-Sludge, Aqueous, Aqueous Effluents, Batch System, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Black Gram Bran, Capacity, Cu, Cu(II), Elsevier, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Golden Shower Biomass, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal, Models, Ni(II) Biosorption, Pb(II) Biosorption, pH, Removal, Solutions, Sorption Kinetics, System, Waste

? Jha, V.K. and Hayashi, S. (2009), Modification on natural clinoptilolite zeolite for its NH₄⁺ retention capacity. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 29-35.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 29.pdf

Abstract: The scope of this study was to modify the natural clinoptilolite zeolite available locally (Akita Prefecture, Japan) for its ammonium ions retention capacity. The natural clinoptilolite was modified chemically and mechanically with changing time duration of sodium hydroxide treatment and ball to powder mass ratio in wet ball milling, respectively. The ammonium ions retention capacity of thus obtained modified clinoptilolites were found to sharply increase with either increasing alkaline metal cations content or increasing specific surface area (decreasing particle size) of the clinoptilolite. The main mechanism of ammonium ions retention is ion exchange and Na⁺ ions were observed to be more easily exchanged for ammonium ions. The sorption isotherms were good fit to the Langmuir model in the cases of natural and chemically modified clinoptilolites while Freundlich model was favorable in the case of mechanically modified clinoptilolites. The maximum NH₄⁺ retention capacities of natural clinoptilolite (NZeo), clinoptilolite treated with NaOH solution for 72 h (Zeo-72) and wet-milled clinoptilolite (WM-50) according to Langmuir model were 0.89, 1.15 and 1.39 mmol/g, respectively. The overall reaction is pseudo-second-order with rate constant of 3.6×10^-2 dm³ g/(mmol min). It was possible to enhance the NH₄⁺ retention capacity of natural clinoptilolite just by decreasing particle size without incorporating any further exchangeable cations within the framework of zeolite. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Ammonium, Ammonium Removal, Aqueous-Solution, Capacity, Clinoptilolite, Duration, Exchangeable Cations, Framework, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Hydroxide, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Isotherms, Japan, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Mechanism, Mechanochemical Modifications, Metal, Model, Modification, Modified, Na⁺, NaOH, Natural, NH₄⁺ Retention Capacity, Particle Size, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constant, Retention, Rights, Scope, Size, Sodium, Solution, Sorption, Sorption Isotherm, Sorption Isotherms, Specific Surface, Specific Surface Area, Surface, Surface Area, Treatment, Waste-Water, Zeolite

? Vega, F.A., Covelo, E.F. and Andrade, M.L. (2009), Effects of sewage sludge and barley straw treatment on the sorption and retention of Cu, Cd and Pb by coppermine Anthropic Regosols. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 36-45.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 36.pdf

Abstract: To evaluate the involvement of cation exchange in the competitive and separate sorption and retention of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ by soils developing from a copper mine spoil, and to determine the effects of sludge and barley straw treatment on the intensity and reversibility of sorption and retention, isotherms were constructed by means of batch sorption/desorption experiments in which displaced Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and Al³⁺ were also determined. Amendment with sludge and barley straw was associated with an increase in pH of about 4 units; approximately 75-, 1900- and 55-fold increases in CECe, organic matter content and Mn oxides content, respectively; and greatly increased capacity for the sorption and retention of Pb, Cu and Cd. Most heavy metal sorption came about through displacement of the predominant cation in the exchange complex (Al³⁺ in unamencled soils, and Ca²⁺ in amended soils), but the greater total sorption from multi-metal solutions also involved the displacement of other exchangeable cations. The parameter K-r clearly reflected the lower sorption and retention capacities of unamended minesoils (K-r < 0.2 for all three metals, as against K-r approximate to 0.54 (Cd) or K-r > 0.97 (Pb and Cu) for amended minesoils); the competition for sorption sites in multi-metal solutions (for any given metal, the K-r for single-metal solutions was invariably greater than the corresponding Kr for multi-metal solutions); and the order of preference among metals for sorption and retention (Pb >= Cd Cu for sorption on unamended soils, which had virtually no organic matter, an important Cu-binding component: Pb > Cu >= Cd otherwise). The values of the hysteresis index HI were likewise in agreement with previous results on the reversibility of the sorption of these metals, identifying Pb and Cd as the most and the least irreversibly sorbed metals, respectively. The amendment combination investigated successfully increased the immobilization of Pb, Cu and Cd by this minesoil, but a change in the amendment dosage is necessary in order to achieve near-neutral pHdand minimize the predominance of Ca²⁺ in the exchangeable cation complex. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Soils, Adsorption, Capacity, Cation Exchange, Cd, Cd, Cu and Pb, Competition, Competitive Sorption, Complex, Copper, Cu, Cu²⁺, Desorption, Elsevier, Exchangeable Cation Complex, Heavy Metal, Heavy-Metals, Humic Umbrisols, Hysteresis, Isotherms, Metal, Metals, Minesoils, Mn Oxides, Organic-Matter, Pb, Pb²⁺, pH, Selectivity Sequences, Sludge, Soil Characteristics, Soils, Solutions, Sorption, Treatment

? Hosseini, M.S., Hosseini-Bandegharaei, A., Raissi, H. and Belador, F. (2009), Sorption of Cr(VI) by Amberlite XAD-7 resin impregnated with brilliant green and its determination by quercetin as a selective spectrophotometric reagent. Journal of Hazardous Materials,