Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 151.pdf

Abstract: A number of chars from waste tyre rubber were prepared by carbonisation at 673-1173 K. The effects of holding time, heating rate and particle size on the textural characteristics and elemental composition of the resultant chars were investigated. It was demonstrated that temperatures over 773 K did not have a significant improvement on the total surface area but resulted in lower char yields following increased aromatisation. Modelling of dye adsorption isotherms showed that the Redlich-Peterson expression yields the best-fit between experimental and predicted data. Furthermore, for a larger sized dye like Acid Yellow 117 (MW = 848 g/mol), the amount adsorbed by the tyre char is not directly proportional to the total surface area when compared with a commercial carbon, revealing that factors other than total surface area are involved in the adsorption potential of the tyre chars. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Bed Reactor, Char, Dye, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Modelling, Organics, Pyrolytic Carbon-Black, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Scrap Tire, Single, Surface-Chemistry, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Tire

? Castaldi, P., Silvetti, M., Enzo, S. and Melis, P. (2010), Study of sorption processes and FT-IR analysis of arsenate sorbed onto red muds (a bauxite ore processing waste). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 172-178.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 172.pdf

Abstract: In this study we evaluated the arsenate adsorption capacity of red muds (RM), wastes tailing from the alumina production, at different pH values (4, 7, and 10). RM samples were artificially enriched in batch tests with solutions containing increasing concentrations of As(V). The pH of the solution significantly affected the adsorption, which increased with the decrease of pH. Moreover a sequential extraction procedure [H2O; (NH4)(2)SO4; NH4H2PO4; NH4+-OXalate: NH4+-oxalate + ascorbic acid] was applied to RM samples exchanged with arsenate. Using this approach it was shown that low concentrations of arsenate sorbed in RM were present as water soluble and exchangeable fractions, while NH4+-oxalate and NH4+-oxalate + ascorbic acid extracted most of the adsorbed arsenate from RM at different pH values. Besides, FT-IR spectroscopy was used to better understand the nature of RM surface configuration after As(V) sorption. In the FT-IR spectra the presence of As(V) species was highlighted by a well resolved band at 865 cm(-1). The intensity and broadness of this band increased at the decreasing of pH. This band could be related to nu(As-O) vibration of an inner-sphere Al-O-As complex and/or due to As-O bonds of the adsorbed As(V) species on Fe oxides of RM samples. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Aqueous-Solutions, Arsenate, Arsenate Adsorption, As(V), Atr-FTIR, Batch, Batch Tests, Complex, FT-IR Spectroscopy, FTIR, Heavy-Metals, pH, Production, Red Muds, Removal, Sequential Extraction, Sorption, Spectroscopy, Synthetic Goethite, Water, X-Ray-Diffraction, Zeolite

? Hu, Z.J., Xiao, Y., Zhao, D.H., Shen, Y.L. and Gao, H.W. (2010), Preparation of dye waste-barium sulfate hybrid adsorbent and application in organic wastewater treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 179-186.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 179.pdf

Abstract: A new hybrid material was developed by the template-free hybridization of weak acidic pink red B (APRB, C.I. 18073) with BaSO4. The composition and structure of the material were determined and characterized. In contrast to conventional sorbents, the hybrid material has a specific surface area of 0.89 m(2)/g, but it contains lots of negative charges and lipophilic groups as the basis of specific adsorption. The efficient removal of cationic dyes and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) indicates that it has an improved adsorption capacity and selectivity with a short removal time less than 2 min; while the hybrid sorbents fit the Langmuir isotherm model, and follow the octanol-water partition law. Instead of using APRB reagent, an APRB-producing wastewater was reused to prepare the cost-effective sorbent, and the equilibrium adsorption capacities of which reached 222 and 160 mg/g for EV and BPR, respectively. The sorbents was then used to treat three wastewater samples with satisfactory results of over 97% decolonization and 88% COD-decreasing. In addition, the hybrid sorbent was regenerated from sludge over five cycles, and its adsorption capacity was not appreciably changed. This work has developed a simple and eco-friendly method for synthesizing a practical and efficient sorbent. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous-Solutions, Barium Sulfate, Dye, Dye Wastewater, Dyes, Equilibrium, Fly-Ash, Hybridization, Isotherm, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Nanocrystals, Organic Wastewater, Preparation, Removal, Sorbent, Treatment, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment

? Ahmadi, S.J., Noori-Kalkhoran, O. and Shirvani-Arani, S. (2010), Synthesis and characterization of new ion-imprinted polymer for separation and preconcentration of uranyl (UO₂²⁺) ions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 193-197.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 193.pdf

Abstract: UO22+ ion-imprinted polymer materials used for solid-phase extraction were prepared by copolymerization of a tertiary complex of uranyl ions with styrene and divinyl benzene in the presence of 2,2’-azobisisobutyronitrile. The imprinted particles were leached by HCl 6M. Various parameters in polymerization steps such as DVB/STY ratio, time of polymerization and temperature of polymerization were varied to achieve the most efficient uranyl-imprinted polymer. X-ray diffraction (XRD), infra-red spectroscopy(IR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA),UV-vis and nitrogen sorption were used to characterize the polymer particles. The XRD results showed that uranyl ions were completely removed from the polymer after leaching process. IR Analysis indicated that the N,N’-ethylenebis(pyridoxylideneiminato) remained intact in the polymer even after leaching. Some parameters such as pH, weight of the polymer, elution time, eluent volume and aqueous phase Volume which affects the efficiency of the polymer were Studied. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Analysis, Benzene, Complex, Infrared, Ion-Imprinted Polymer, N,N’-Ethylenebis(Pyridoxylideneiminato), pH, Polymerization, Preconcentration, Rare-Earths, Separation, Sorption, Traces, Uranium(VI), Uranyl Ion, Weight, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD

? Chávez, M.L., de Pablo, L. and García, T.A. (2010), Adsorption of Ba²⁺ by Ca-exchange clinoptilolite tuff and montmorillonite clay. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 216-223.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 216.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of barium by Ca-exchanged clinoptilolite and montmorillonite is presented. The kinetics of adsorption of Ba²⁺ were evaluated contacting 1 g portion of each adsorber with 100 mL 0.1 N BaCl₂ for 200 h. Adsorption by Ca-clinoptilolite is defined by second-order kinetics of rate constant K-v 8.232×10^-2 g mg^-1 h^-1 and maximum removal of 71.885 mg g^-1. It is a two-stage process initiated by a rapid uptake of Ba²⁺ followed by more moderate kinetics. The adsorption isotherms were determined contacting 0.2 g of each adsorber with 10 mL 0.1-0.005 N BaCl₂ + CaCl₂ solution, Ba²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratio 1, for periods of 7 days for the tuff and 2 days for the clay. The equilibrium adsorption is described by the Langmuir model, of equilibrium constant K 0.0151 L mg^-1 and maximum adsorption of 15.29 mg g^-1. The adsorption of Ba²⁺ by Ca-exchanged montmorillonite also follows a second-order reaction of rate constant K-p 3.179 x 10^-2 g mg^-1 h^-1, and calculated separation of 36.74 mg g^-1; the Langmuir isotherm is defined by the constant K 0.034 L mg^-1 and maximum adsorption of 15.29 mg g^-1. X-ray diffraction shows that the exchange of Ba²⁺ modifies the d(001) of Ca-montmorillonite from 15.4 to 12.4 angstrom. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Activation, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Alkaline-Earth, Aqueous-Solutions, Barium Adsorption, Clay, Clinoptilolite, Equilibrium, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Kinetics of Adsorption, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Model, Mar, Model, Montmorillonite, N, Natural Zeolites, Rate Constant, Reaction, Removal, Rights, Second Order, Second Order Kinetics, Second-Order, Second-Order Kinetics, Sedimentary-Rocks, Separation, Sewage-Sludge, Solution, Uptake, Water, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction

? Lee, S.H., Jo, H.Y., Yun, S.T. and Lee, Y.J. (2010), Evaluation of factors affecting performance of a zeolitic rock barrier to remove zinc from water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 224-234.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 224.pdf

Abstract: This study examined the factors affecting the performance of zeolitic rocks as reactive media in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) used to remediate groundwater contaminated with Zn. Serial batch kinetic and sorption tests were conducted on zeolitic rock samples under a variety of conditions (i.e., reaction time, pH, initial Zn concentration, and particle size) using Zn(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O solutions. Serial column tests were also conducted on zeolitic rock samples at various flow rates. The removal of Zn increased approximately from 20-60 to 70-100% with increasing pH from 2 to 4 and decreasing initial Zn concentration from 434 to 5 mg/L. Zn removal was not affected by the particle size, regardless of the zeolitic rock samples used in this study. The Zn removal increased approximately from 20-70 to 60-100% with increasing the cation exchange capacity (CEC) from 124.9 to 178.5 meq/100 g and increasing zeolite (i.e., clinoptilonite and mordenite) and montmorillonite contents from 53.7 to 73.2%. The results from the column and batch tests were comparable. Increasing the flow rate caused the earlier breakthrough of Zn (sorbing cation) and a rapid decrease in the concentration of Na, Ca, and Mg (desorbing cations). The hydraulic conductivities of the samples were unaffected by the particle size and mineral components. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Keywords: Adsorption, Batch, Batch Tests, Breakthrough, Cadmium, Cation Exchange, Clinoptilolite, Contaminated Groundwater, Fixed-Bed, Heavy-Metals, Industrial Waste-Water, Ion-Exchange, Kinetic, Montmorillonite, Natural Zeolite, Permeable Reactive Barrier, Permeable Reactive Barriers, pH, Reactive Media, Removal, Sewage-Sludge, Sorption, Water, Zeolite, Zeolitic Rocks, Zinc

? Xiong, X.J., Meng, X.J. and Zheng, T.L. (2010), Biosorption of CI Direct Blue 199 from aqueous solution by nonviable Aspergillus niger. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 241-246.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 241.pdf

Abstract: The capacity and mechanism with which nonviable Aspergillus niger removed the textile dye, C.I. Direct Blue 199, from aqueous solution was investigated using different parameters, such as initial dye concentration, pH and temperature. In batch experiments, the biosorption capacity increased with decrease in pH, and the maximum dye uptake capacity of the biosorbent was 29.96 mg g^-1 at 400 mg L^-1 dye concentration and 45 degrees C. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were able to describe the biosorption equilibrium of C.I. Direct Blue 199 onto the fungal biomass. Biosorption followed a pseudo-second order kinetic model with high correlation coefficients (r(2) > 0.99). Thermodynamic studies revealed that the biosorption process was successful, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Aqueous Solution, Aspergillus niger, Batch, Batch Experiments, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Capacity, CI Direct Blue 199, Concentration, Correlation, Dye, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experiments, Freundlich, Fungal Biomass, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Kinetics, L1, Langmuir, Malachite Green, Mar, Mechanism, Model, Models, Nonviable Aspergillus niger, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Reactive Dye, Removal, Rights, Solution, Temperature, Textile Dye, Thermodynamic, Uptake, Waste

? Huang, H.M., Xiao, X.M., Yan, B. and Yang, L.P. (2010), Ammonium removal from aqueous solutions by using natural Chinese (Chende) zeolite as adsorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 247-252.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 247.pdf

Abstract: This paper presents a study of the removal of ammonium ion from aqueous solutions using natural Chinese (Chende) zeolite. A series of experiments was conducted to examine the effects of solution pH, particle size, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and the presence of other cation- and anion species on ammonium removal. The findings indicated that these parameters named had a significant effect on the removal Of ammonium by the zeolite. The effect of other cations on the removal of ammonium followed the order of preference Na⁺ > K⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ at identical mass concentrations, and the effect of the presence of individual anions followed the order of preference carbonate > chloride > sulfate > phosphate at identical mass concentrations of ammonium ions. Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption of ammonium on zeolite at different ranges of particle size well followed the pseudo-second-order model and followed the intra-particle diffusion model only during the initial 60 min of the adsorption process. Equilibrium isotherm data was fitted to the linear Langmuir- and Freundlich models with the latter model providing the better description of the process (R-2 = 0.991-0.997) compared to the former (R-2 = 0.902-0.989). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetic, Ammonium, Ammonium Adsorption, Ammonium Ion, Ammonium Removal, Analysis, Anions, Aqueous Solutions, Carbonate, Cation, Chinese, Chloride, Clinoptilolite, Data, Diffusion, Diffusion Model, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherm, Experiments, Freundlich, Intra-Particle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion Model, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Langmuir, Mar, Model, Models, Mordenite, Na⁺, Natural, Particle Size, pH, Phosphate, Preference, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Rights, Size, Solution, Solutions, Species, Sulfate, Time, Waste-Water, Zeolite

? Ahmad, A.A. and Hameed, B.H. (2010), Fixed-bed adsorption of reactive azo dye onto granular activated carbon prepared from waste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 298-303.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 298.pdf

Abstract: In this work, the adsorption potential of bamboo waste based granular activated carbon (BGAC) to remove C.I. Reactive Black (RB5) from aqueous solution was investigated using fixed-bed adsorption column. The effects of inlet RB5 concentration (50-200 mg/L), feed flow rate (10-30 mL/min) and activated carbon bed height (40-80mm) on the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption system were determined. The highest bed capacity of 39.02 mg/g was obtained using 100 mg/L inlet dye concentration, 80 mm bed height and 10 mL/min flow rate. The adsorption data were fitted to three well-established fixed-bed adsorption models namely, Adam’s-Bohart, Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models. The results fitted well to the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models with coefficients of correlation R-2 >= 0.93 at different conditions. The BGAC was shown to be suitable adsorbent for adsorption of RB5 using fixed-bed adsorption column. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Bamboo Waste, Breakthrough, Breakthrough Curves, Chemical Activation, Column, Dye, Fixed-Bed, Fixed-Bed Column, Granular Activated Carbon, Methylene-Blue, Packed-Bed, Palm Shell, Phosphoric-Acid Activation, Reactive Dye, Removal, Rice Husk, System

? Pahlavanzadeh, H., Keshtkar, A.R., Safdari, J. and Abadi, Z. (2010), Biosorption of nickel(II) from aqueous solution by brown algae: Equilibrium, dynamic and thermodynamic studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 304-310.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 304.pdf

Abstract: The biosorption characteristics of nickel(II) ions using the brown algae (Cystoseria indica, Nizmuddinia zanardini, Sargassum glaucescens and Padina australis) were investigated. Experimental parameters affecting the biosorption process such as pH level, contact time, initial metal concentration and temperature were studied. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir adsorption model in the concentration range of nickel (II) ions and at all the temperatures studied. Evaluation of the experimental data in terms of biosorption dynamics showed that the biosorption of nickel(II) onto algal biomass followed the pseudo-second-order dynamics well. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔGº, ΔHº and ΔSº) showed that the biosorption of nickel(II) ions were feasible, spontaneous and endothermic at the temperature ranges of 293-313K. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Algae, Aqueous Solution, Biomass, Biosorption, Biosorption Characteristics, Brown Algae, Cd(II), Characteristics, Concentration, Data, Dynamic, Dynamics, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experimental, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Kinetics, Langmuir, Mar, Metal, Model, Nickel, Nickel(II), Orange Peel, Parameters, Pb(II), pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Range, Removal, Rights, Solution, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamic Studies, Time, Waste

? Lalhruaitluanga, H., Jayaram, K., Prasad, M.N.V. and Kumar, K.K. (2010), Lead(II) adsorption from aqueous solutions by raw and activated charcoals of Melocanna baccifera Roxburgh (bamboo)-A comparative study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 311-318.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 311.pdf

Abstract: Melocanna baccifera (Poaceae) is the most abundant and economically important non-timber product in state of Mizoram, India. The communities of the region use this potential resource in many ways, charcoal production is one of them. Bamboo charcoal has application in food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Activated charcoal was prepared from M. baccifera charcoal by chemical pretreatment in order to make better use of this abundant biomass material. Batch experiments were conducted under varying range of pH (2.0-6.0), contact time (15-360 min) and metal ion concentrations (50-90 mg L^-1). The optimum conditions for lead biosorption are almost same for M. baccifera raw charcoal (MBRC) and M. baccifera activated charcoal (MBAC)-pH 5.0, contact time 120 min, adsorption capacity q_max 10.66 mg g^-1 and 53.76 mg g^-1, respectively. However, the biomass of MBAC was found to be more suitable than MBRC for the development of an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Lead(II) from aqueous solutions. FTIR analysis revealed that -OH, C-H bending, C=O stretching vibration and carbonyl functional groups were mainly responsible for Pb(II) biosorption. Thus, this study demonstrated that both the charcoal biomass could be used as adsorbents for the treatment of Pb(II) from aqueous solution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Charcoal, Activated Charcoals, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Application, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Bamboo, Biomass, Biosorption, Capacity, Chemical, Comparative Study, Development, Experiments, Food, FTIR, FTIR Analysis, Functional Groups, India, L1, Lead, Lead(II), Mar, Metal, Metal Ion, Pb(II), pH, Potential, Pretreatment, Range, Removal, Rights, Solution, Solutions, State, Time, Treatment, Vibration

? El-Shafey, E.I. (2010), Removal of Zn(II) and Hg(II) from aqueous solution on a carbonaceous sorbent chemically prepared from rice husk. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 319-327.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 319.pdf

Abstract: A carbonaceous sorbent was prepared from rice husk via sulfuric acid treatment. Sorption of Zn(II) and Hg(II) from aqueous solution was studied varying time, pH, metal concentration, temperature and sorbent status (wet and dry). Zn(II) sorption was found fast reaching equilibrium within similar to 2 h while Hg(II) sorption was slow reaching equilibrium within similar to 120 h with better performance for the wet sorbent than for the dry. Kinetics data for both metals were found to follow pseudo-second order model. Sorption rate of both metals was enhanced with temperature rise. Activation energy, E-a, for Zn(II) sorption, was similar to 13.0 kJ/mol indicating a diffusion-controlled process ion exchange process, however, for Hg(II) sorption, E-a was similar to 54 kJ/mol indicating a chemically controlled process. Sorption of both metals was low at low pH and increased with pH increase. Sorption was much higher for Hg(II) that) for Zn(II) with higher uptake for both metals by rising the temperature. Hg(II) was reduced to Hg(I) on the sorbent surface. This was confirmed from the identification of Hg₂Cl₂ deposits on the sorbent surface by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. However, no redox processes were observed in Zn(II) sorption. Sorption mechanism is discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid Treatment, Acid-Treatment, Activated Carbons, Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Concentration, Data, Electron Microscopy, Energy, Equilibrium, Flax Shive, Heavy-Metals, Hg(II), Identification, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Kinetics, Mar, Mechanism, Mercury II, Metal, Metals, Model, Performance, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Reduction, Removal, Rice, Rice Husk, Rice-Husk, Rights, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Solution, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption, Sorption Mechanism, Surface, Temperature, Time, Treatment, Uptake, Waste-Water, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction, Zinc, Zn(II)

? Rodriguez-Jorda, M.P., Garrido, F. and Garcia-Gonzalez, M.T. (2010), Assessment of the use of industrial by-products for induced reduction of As, and Se potential leachability in an acid soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175 (1-3), 328-335.

Full Text: 2010\J Haz Mat175, 328.pdf

Abstract: Four industrial by-products (phosphogypsum, PG: red gypsum, RG; sugar foam, SF and ashes from the combustion of biomass, ACB) were evaluated as possible amendments for reducing the leachability and bioavailability of As and Se in a metalloid-spiked acidic soil. The treatments were applied as single, double and triple amendments and at two different rates. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated after a series of leaching experiments using a chelating agent (DTPA solution) or a weak acidification (acetic acid at pH 4.93). The most effective treatments (ACB and RG, both applied at high rate) were identified by means of Cluster Analysis using the leachability indexes. Different sorption mechanisms involved in the overall reduction of metalloid leachability were identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM-BSE and SEM-EDS). In the ACB-treated samples, Se was found associated to organic matter aggregates and to Fe compounds. In the RG-treated samples, EDS analyses showed that As and Se were associated to Fe/Ti (hydr)oxides phases which are present not only in the by-product as maghemite and rutile, but also in the soil as hematite and goethite. In addition, the application of RG induced the formation of non-crystalline Al-hydroxy polymers with As and Se in their composition. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acidification, Adsorption, Amendments, Arsenate, Assessment, Biomass, Compounds, Contaminated Soil, Ferrihydrite, Goethite, Gypsum, In Situ Remediation, Industrial By-Products, Mechanisms, Metalloid Leachability, Organic-Matter, pH, Polymers, Red-Mud, Selenium Uptake, Soil, Sorption, Toxic Elements

? Camacho, L.M., Deng, S.G. and Parra, R.R. (2010), Uranium removal from groundwater by natural clinoptilolite zeolite: Effects of pH and initial feed concentration. Journal of Hazardous Materials,