Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 231.pdf

Abstract: In this study the hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanopowders; prepared by chemical precipitation method were used as the adsorbent, and the potential of HAp nanopowders for phenol adsorption from aqueous solution was studied. The effect of contact time, initial phenol concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, solution temperature and adsorbent calcining temperature on the phenol adsorption, and the adsorption kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic parameters were investigated. The results showed that the HAp nanopowders possessed good adsorption ability to phenol. The adsorption process was fast, and it reached equilibrium in 2 h of contact. The initial phenol concentration, pH and the adsorbent calcining temperature played obvious effects on the phenol adsorption capacity onto HAp nanopowders. Increase in the initial phenol concentration could effectively increase the phenol adsorption capacity. At the same time, increase in the pH to high-acidity or to high-alkalinity also resulted in the increase in the phenol adsorption capacity. Increase in the HAp dosage Could effectively increase the phenol adsorption percent. However, the higher calcining temperature of HAp nanopowders could Obviously decrease the adsorption capacity. The maximum phenol adsorption capacity was obtained as 10.33 mg/g for 400 mg/L initial phenol concentrations at pH 6.4 and 60C. The adsorption kinetic and the isotherm studies showed that the pseudo-second-order model and the Freundlich isotherm were the best choices to describe the adsorption behaviors. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption or phenol onto HAp was physisorption, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetic, Adsorption Process, Am, Aqueous Solution, Behaviors, Bentonite, Biomaterials, Capacity, Chemical, Chemical Precipitation, Clay, Concentration, Contact, Desalination, Dye, Dyes, Effects, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Hazard, Hydroxyapatite, Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders, INT, Interface, Interfaces, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Manage, Mater, Model, Montmorillonite, N, pH, Phenol, Phenol Adsorption, Pigment, Potential, Precipitation, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Rights, SCI, Seed Coat, Solution, Solution Temperature, Sorption, Spontaneous, TAY, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Waste, Waste-Water, Water

? Monser, L. and Adhoum, N. (2009), Tartrazine modified activated carbon for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (1), 263-269.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 263.pdf

Abstract: A two in one attempt for the removal of tartrazine and metal ions on activated carbon has been developed. The method was based on the modification of activated carbon with tartrazine then its application for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions at different pH values. Tartrazine adsorption data were modelled Using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacities q(m) were 121.3, 67 and 56.7 mg g^-1 at initial pH values of 1.0, 6.0 and 10, respectively. The adsorption of tartrazine onto activated carbon followed second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium time was found to be 240 min at pH 1.0 and 120 min at pH 10 for 500 mg L^-1 tartrazine concentration. A maximum removal of 85% was obtained after I h of contact time. The presence of tartrazine as modifier enhances attractive electrostatic interactions between metal ions and carbon surface. The adsorption capacity for Pb(H), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions has been improved with respect to non-modified carbon reaching a maximum of 140%. The adsorption capacity was found to be a pH dependent for both modified and non-modified carbon with a greater adsorption at higher pH values except for Cr(III). The enhancement pet-cent of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) at different pH values was varied from 28% to 140% with respect to non-modified carbon. The amount of metal ions adsorbed using static regime was 11-40% higher than that with dynamic mode. The difference between adsorption capacities could be attributed to the applied flow rate. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption-Isotherms, Air, Application, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Capacity, Carbon, Cd(II), Chromium, Concentration, Contact, Cr(III), Cr(III) Ions, Data, Dynamic, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Time, Fixed Bed Column, Flow, Flow Rate, Food, Freundlich, Hazard, Industrial Waste-Water, Interactions, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, L1, Langmuir, Mater, Metal, Metal Ions, Methylene-Blue, Mode, Model, Modification, Modified, Modified Activated Carbon, N, P, Pb(II), pH, pH-Dependent, Removal, Rights, SCI, Second Order, Second-Order, Soil, Sorption, Surface, Tannic-Acid, Tartrazine, Values, Water, YIN

? Nandi, B.K., Goswami, A. and Purkait, M.K. (2009), Adsorption characteristics of brilliant green dye on kaolin. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (1), 387-395.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 387.pdf

Abstract: Experimental investigations were carried out to adsorb toxic brilliant green dye from aqueous medium using kaolin as an adsorbent. Characterization of kaolin is done by measuring: (i) particle size distribution using particle size analyzer, (II) BET surface area using BET surface analyzer, and (iii) structural analysis using X-ray diffractometer. The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, kaolin dose, stirring speed, pH and temperature were studied for the adsorption of brilliant green in batch mode. Adsorption experiments indicate that the extent of adsorption is strongly dependent on pH of solution. Free energy of adsorption (G), enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) changes are calculated to know the nature of adsorption. The calculated values of G at 299 K and 323 K indicate that the adsorption process is spontaneous. The estimated values of H and S both show the negative sign, which indicate that the adsorption process is exothermic and the dye molecules are organized on the kaolin surface in less randomly fashion than in solution. The adsorption kinetic has been described by first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle-diffusion models. It was observed that the rate of dye adsorption follows pseudo-second-order model for the dye concentration range studied in the present case. Standard adsorption isotherms were used to fit the experimental equilibrium data. It was found that the adsorption of brilliant green on kaolin follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetic, Adsorption Process, Am, Analysis, Aqueous Medium, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Batch Mode, BET, BET Surface Area, Brilliant Green, Ceramics, Characteristics, Characterization, Clay, Concentration, Contact, Data, Decolorization, Desalination, Distribution, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dye Removal, Dyes, Effects, Energy, Enthalpy, Equilibrium, Exothermic, Experimental, Experiments, First Order, Fly-Ash, Hazard, Intraparticle Diffusion, Investigations, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kaolin, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm, Manage, Mater, Methyl-Violet, Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration, Mode, Model, Models, Particle Size, Particle Size Distribution, pH, Pigment, Principle, Principles, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Regeneration, Removal, Rights, SCI, Size, Size Distribution, Solution, Spontaneous, Structural Analysis, Surface, Surface Area, Temperature, Toxic, Values, Waste, Waste-Water, White, X-Ray

? Viswanathan, N., Sundaram, C.S. and Meenakshi, S. (2009), Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution using protonated chitosan beads. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (1), 423-430.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 423.pdf

Abstract: In the present Study, chitosan in its more usable bead form has been chemically modified by simple protonation and employed as a most promising defluoridating medium. Protonated chitosan beads (PCB) showed a maximum defluoridation capacity (DC) of 1664 mgF^-/kg whereas raw chitosan beads (CB) possess only 52 mg F^-/kg. Sorption process was found to be independent of pH and altered in the presence of other co-existing anions. The sorbents were characterized using FTR and SEM with EDAX analysis. The fluoride sorption oil PCB follows both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic parameters. viz., G, H, S and E-a indicate that the nature of fluoride sorption is spontaneous and endothermic. The sorption process follows pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. 0.1 M HCl was identified as the best eluent. The suitability of PCB has been tested with field samples collected from a nearby fluoride-endemic area. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: AA, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Am, Analysis, Anions, Aqueous Solution, Beads, Capacity, Carbon, Chitosan, Clay, Co-Existing Anions, DC, Defluoridation, Defluoridation, Desalination, Diffusion, Drinking-Water, Edax, Electron, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Field, Fluoride, Freundlich, Hazard, Hydrogel Beads, Intraparticle, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ion, Ion-Exchanger, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherms, Lingmuir, Mater, Mg, Models, Modified, N, Ni, P, PCB, pH, Process, Products, Protonated Chitosan Bead, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Rights, SCI, Sem, Solution, Sorbents, Sorption, Sorption Process, Spontaneous, Surface, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Treat, Water

? Özcan, A.S., Gök, Ö. and Özcan, A. (2009), Adsorption of lead(II) ions onto 8-hydroxy quinoline-immobilized bentonite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (1), 499-509.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 499.pdf

Abstract: In this Study, the immobilization of 8-hydroxy quinoline onto bentonite was carried out and it was then used to investigate the adsorption behavior of Lead(II) ions from a(aqueous solutions. The changes of the parameters of pH, contact time, initial Lead(II) ions concentration and temperature were tested in the adsorption experiments. The XRD, FIR, elemental and thermal analyses were done to observe the immobilization of 8-hydroxy quinoline onto natural bentonite. The adsorption was well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model at all studied temperatures. The maximum adsorption capacity was 142.94 rng g^-1 from the Langmuir isotherm model at 50C. The thermodynamic parameters implied that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic, The kinetic data indicate that the adsorption fits well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 8-Hydroxy quinoline-immobilized bentonite can be used as well respective adsorbent for the removal of the heavy metal pollutants according to the results. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 8-Hydroxyl Quinoline, Acid Dyes, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherm Model, Adsorption Process, Air, Am, Analyses, Aqueous-Solutions, Behavior, Bentonite, Biosorption, Cadmium Ions, Capacity, Carbon, Cation, Cations, Changes, Cl, Clay, Concentration, Contact, Data, Desalination, Endothermic, Energies, Energy, Experiments, Granular Activated Carbon, Hazard, Heavy Metal, Heavy-Metals, Hunter, Hydrolysis, Immobilization, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Lead(II), Lead(II) Ions, Manage, Mater, Metal, Model, N, Natural, P, pH, Pollutants, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetic, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Quinoline, Removal, Rights, RS, SCI, Sepiolite, Soil, Solutions, Spontaneous, SS, Surface, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Water, XRD, Zeta-Potential

? Guo, L., Sun, C.M., Li, G.Y., Liu, C.P. and Ji, C.N. (2009), Thermodynamics and kinetics of Zn(II) adsorption on crosslinked starch phosphates. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (1), 510-515.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 510.pdf

Abstract: Crosslinked starch phosphates (CSP) with different contents of phosphate groups were used to adsorb Zn(II) from aqueous solution. Effects of adsorption time, initial concentration of Zn(II) ion, and temperature on the adsorption of Zn(II) by CSP were studied, and the equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetics of the adsorption process were further investigated. It showed that crosslinked starch phosphates can effectively remove Zn(II) from the solution. The adsorption equilibrium data correlate well with the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2.00 mmol g^-1. The adsorption of Zn(II) on CSP is endothermic in nature. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to test the experimental data. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided a better correlation of the experimental data in comparison with the pseudo-first-order model. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Ad, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Process, Am, Amphoteric Starch, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Behavior, Birmingham, Capacity, Chitosan, Comparison, Concentration, Correlation, Crosslinked Starch Phosphates, Cu(II), Data, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experimental, Food, Hazard, INT, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Langmuir Isotherm Model, Mater, Metal-Ions, Model, Models, MR, Pb(II), Phosphate, Phosphates, Process, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetic, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Removal, Rights, SCI, Scientometrics, Solution, Sorption, Starch, Surface, Temperature, Thermodynamics, U, Water, Zn(II), Zn(II) Adsorption, Zn(II) Ion

? Figaro, S., Avril, J.R., Brouers, F., Ouensanga, A. and Gaspard, S. (2009), Adsorption studies of molasse’s wastewaters on activated carbon: Modelling with a new fractal kinetic equation and evaluation of kinetic models. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 649-656.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 649.pdf

Abstract: Adsorption kinetic of molasses wastewaters after anaerobic digestion (MSWD) and melanoidin respectively on activated carbon was studied at different pH. The kinetic parameters could be determined using classical kinetic equations and a recently published fractal kinetic equation. A linear form of this equation can also be used to fit adsorption data. Even with lower correlation coefficients the fractal kinetic equation gives lower normalized standard deviation values than the pseudo-second order model generally used to fit adsorption kinetic data, indicating that the fractal kinetic model is much more accurate for describing the kinetic adsorption data than the pseudo-second order kinetic model. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetic, Carbon, Correlation, Data, DO, Dyes, EC, Evaluation, Food, Fractal, Fractal Kinetic Equation, Fungi, Gases, Glucose, Growth, INT, Kinetic, Kinetic Adsorption, Kinetic Equation, Kinetic Equations, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetic Parameters, Maillard Reaction, Melanoidin, Melanoidins, Model, Modelling, Models, Molasses Spentwash, P, Peat, pH, Phenolic Monomers, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetic, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetic Model, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rights, SCI, Soil, Sorption, Standard, Values, Waste, Wastes, Wastewaters, Water, World, Yang

? Eren, E., Afsin, B. and Önal, Y. (2009), Removal of lead ions by acid activated and manganese oxide-coated bentonite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 677-685.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 677.pdf

Abstract: This paper presents the adsorption of Pb(II) from aqua solutions onto Unye (Turkey) bentonite in raw (RB), acid activated (AAB) and manganese oxide-coated (MCB) forms. Adsorption of Pb(H) by RB, AAB and MCB sample was investigated as a function of the initial Pb(II) concentration, solution pH, ionic strength, temperature and inorganic ligand (Cl-). Changes in the surfaces and structure were characterized by means of XRD, IR and potentiometric titration. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacities of RB, AAB and MCB in 0.1 M KNO3 solution were estimated as 16.70, 8.92 and 58.88 mg/g, respectively. The spontaneity of the adsorption process is established by decrease in Delta G which varied from -21.60 to -28.60kJ/mol (RB), -22.63 to -29.98 kJ/moI (AAB) and -19.57 to -26.22 (MCB) in temperature range 303-338 K. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Characteristics, Aqueous-Solution, Bentonite, Clay, Concentration, Cu²⁺, Equilibrium, Exchange, Forms, Function, Ionic Strength, Ions, IR, Langmuir, Lead, Lead Ions, Ligand, Manganese, Manganese Oxide, Manganese Oxide Coated, Monolayer, MX-80 Bentonite, Ni²⁺, Pb(II), pH, Potentiometric Titration, Removal, Rights, Solution, Solutions, Strength, Structure, Surfaces, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamics, Turkey, XRD

? Levankumar, L., Muthukumaran, V. and Gobinath, M.B. (2009), Batch adsorption and kinetics of chromium(VI) removal from aqueous solutions by Ocimum americanum L. seed pods. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 709-713.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 709.pdf

Abstract: In this paper batch removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by Ocimum americanum L. seed pods was investigated. The optimum pH and shaker speed were found to be 1.5 and 121 rpm. The equilibrium adsorption data fit well with Langmuir isotherm. The maximum chromium adsorption capacity determined from Langmuir isotherm was 83.33 mg/g dry weight of seed pods at pH 1.5 and shaker speed 121 rpm. The batch experiments were conducted to study the adsorption kinetics of chromium removal for the concentrations of 100 mg/L, 150 mg/L and 200 mg/L chromium solutions. The adsorbent dosage was 8 g dry seed pods/L. The removal efficiency observed for all the three chromium concentrations was 100%. The equilibrium was achieved less than 120 min for all the three concentrations. The adsorption kinetic data was fitted with first and second order kinetic models. Finally it was concluded that the chromium adsorption kinetics of O. americanum L. seed pods was well explained by second order kinetic model rather than first order model. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Kinetic, Adsorption Kinetics, Alginate Beads, Am, Aqueous Solutions, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Batch Experiments, Biodegradation, Biomass, Bioremediation, Biosorption, Capacity, Chromium, Chromium Adsorption, Chromium Removal, Chryseomonas-Luteola TEM05, Data, DC, Efficiency, Electron, Equilibrium, Experiments, First, First Order, Hazard, Hexavalent Chromium, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Mater, Membrane, Model, Models, Mucilage, N, Ocimum Americanum L., pH, Reduction, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Rights, RS, SCI, Second Order, Second-Order, Seed PODS, Solutions, Tannery Effluent, Wastes, Water, Weight, World, Wuhan

? Tao, Y.G., Ye, L.B., Pan, J., Wang, Y.M. and Tang, B. (2009), Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution on chitosan/TiO₂ hybrid film. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 718-722.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 718.pdf

Abstract: This paper presents the adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using chitosan/TiO₂ hybrid film (CTF) adsorbent. Batch experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, adsorption time, Pb(II) concentration and temperature. The equilibrium data fitted well with the linear Freundlich model. The adsorption process was proved to be the second grade reaction and the theoretically maximum adsorption amount at equilibrium was 36.8 mg-Pb/g. The influence parameters were optimized by response surface method (RSM), such as initial metal concentration, pH and temperature. The extreme points were gained by the Statistical Analysis System software: initial metal concentration is 50-55 mg/l, pH is 3-4 and temperature is 60C. Very high regression coefficient (R-2 = 0.9689) indicates excellent evaluation of experimental data by second-order polynomial regression model. Under this condition the theoretical adsorption efficiency is 90.6%. It illuminates that this model is reliable to optimize the adsorption process and CTF is suitable for adsorbing Pb(II) from aqueous solution. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Efficiency, Adsorption of Pb(II), Adsorption Process, Air, Am, Aqueous Solution, Box-Behnken Design, Box-Behnken Design, Cadmium, Carbon, Cement, Chitosan, Concentration, Concrete, Copper(II), Crop, Crops, Data, DC, Desalination, Efficiency, Element, Elements, Equilibria, Equilibrium, Evaluation, Experimental, Experiments, Field, Film, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Function, Hazard, Hybrid, Influence, Ions, Lead, Mater, Mercury, Metal, Model, Optimization, Optimization, Pb(II), pH, Precipitation, Process, Regression, Regression Model, Removal, Rights, SCI, Second Order, Second-Order, Software, Soil, Solution, Surface, Temperature, Trace, Trace Elements, Trace-Element, Trace-Elements, Water

? Hamdaoui, O. (2009), Removal of copper(II) from aqueous phase by Purolite C100-MB cation exchange resin in fixed bed columns: Modeling. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 737-746.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 737.pdf

Abstract: The dynamic removal of copper by Purolite C100-MB cation exchange resin was studied in packed bed columns. The values of column parameters are predicted as a function of flow rate and bed height. Batch experiments were performed using the Na-form resin to determine equilibrium and kinetics of copper removal. The uptake of Cu(II) by this resin follows first-order kinetics. The effect of stirring speed and temperature on the removal kinetics was studied. The activation energy for the exchange reaction is 13.58 kJ mol^-1. The equilibrium data obtained in this study have been found to fit both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. A series of column tests were performed to determine the breakthrough curves with varying bed heights and flow rates. To predict the breakthrough curves and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column useful for process design, four kinetic models; Bohart-Adams, Bed Depth Service Time (BDST). Clark and Wolborska models are applied to experimental data. All models are found suitable for describing the whole or a definite part of the dynamic behavior of the column with respect to flow rate and bed height. The simulation of the whole breakthrough curve is effective with the Bohart-Adams and the Clark models, but the Bohart-Adams model is better. The breakthrough is best predicted by the Wolborska model. The breakthrough data gave a good fit to the BDST model, resulting in a bed exchange capacity very close to the value determined in the batch process. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated-Carbon Systems, Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Aqueous Phase, Batch, Batch Process, BDST, BDST Model, Behavior, Bohart-Adams, Breakthrough, Breakthrough Curve, Breakthrough Curves, Capacity, Cation, Cation Exchange, Chelating Resin, Chelex-100, Column, Column Tests, Copper, Copper Removal, Copper(II), Cu(II), Data, Design, Dynamic, Energy, Equilibrium, Exchange, Experimental, Experiments, First Order, First-Order Kinetics, Fixed Bed, Flow, Flow Rate, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Function, Ion Exchange Resin, Ion-Exchange, Isotherm, Isotherm Equations, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Metal Ions, Model, Modeling, Models, Packed Bed, Packed-Bed, Process, Process Design, Rates, Removal, Resin, Respect, Rights, Simulation, Speed, Temperature, Tests, Uptake, Value, Values, Waste-Water, Water Treatment

? Hameed, B.H. (2009), Spent tea leaves: A new non-conventional and low-cost adsorbent for removal of basic dye from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials,