Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1087.pdf

Abstract: Reactive Blue 15 (RB 15) adsorption on the Turkish Sepiolite was carried out by batch equilibrium technique. IR spectrum and surface area measurement of the composite of dye-sepiolite (Turkish) pointed out that dye species replaced partly the zeolitic water to form hydrogen bond with bound water and adsorbed to the channels sites. The effects of temperature, pH and ionic strength on adsorption of dye molecules were investigated and the nature of adsorption process was determined by calculating Delta H, Delta S and Delta G values. The adsorbed amount increased with increase in temperature, but that for high pH values decreased for the adsorption of reactive dye. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Acid, Activated Clay, Adsorption, Adsorptive Properties, Aqueous Solutions, Azo Dyes, Batch, Color Removal, Composite, Dye, Effects, Equilibrium, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Bond, Ionic Strength, IR, Kinetics, Measurement, Methylene-Blue, Monovalent Organic Cations, Palygorskite, pH, Reactive Blue, Reactive Blue 15, Reactive Dye, Removal, Rights, Sepiolite, Solutions, Species, Strength, Surface, Surface Area, Temperature, Thermal-Treatment, Turkey, Water, Zeolitic Water

? Suksabye, P., Nakajima, A., Thiravetyan, P., Baba, Y. and Nakbanpote, W. (2009), Mechanism of Cr(VI) adsorption by coir pith studied by ESR and adsorption kinetic. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1103-1108.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1103.pdf

Abstract: The oxidation state of chromium in coir pith after Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution was investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR). To elucidate the mechanism of chromium adsorption on coir pith, the adsorption studies of Cr(VI) onto lignin, alpha-cellulose and holocellulose extracted from coir pith were also studied. ESR signals of Cr(V) and Cr(III) were observed in coir pith adsorbed Cr(VI) at Solution pH 2, while ESR spectra of lignin extracted from coir pith revealed only the Cr(III) signal. In addition, ESR signal of Cr(V) was observed in a-cellulose and holocellulose extracted from coir pith adsorbed Cr(VI). These results confirmed that lignin in coir pith reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(III) while alpha-cellulose and holocellulose extracted from coir pith reduced Cr(VI) to Cr(V). The Cr(V) signal exhibited in ESR of a-cellulose and holocellulose might be bound with glucose in cellulose part of coir pith. In addition, xylose which is main in pentosan part of coir pith, indicated that it is involved in form complex with Cr(V) on coir pith. The adsorption kinetic of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution on coir pith was also investigated and described well with pseudo second order model. ESR and desorption experiments confirmed that Cr(VI), Cr(V) and Cr(III), exist in coir pith after Cr(VI) adsorption. The desorption data indicated that the percentage of Cr(VI), Cr(V) and Cr(III) in coir pith were 15.63%, 12.89% and 71.48%, respectively. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetic, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Binding, Biomass, Cellulose, Chromium, Chromium Adsorption, Coir, Coir Pith, Cr(III), Cr(III), Cr(V), Cr(VI), Cr(VI) Adsorption, Data, Desorption, Esr, Experiments, Glucose, Hazard, Hexavalent Chromium, Kinetic, Lignin, Mater, Mechanism, Methods, Model, Oxidation, P, Park, pH, Pith, Pseudo, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pulp, Reduction, Removal, Rights, SCI, Second Order, Second-Order, Solution, Solution pH, Sorption, State, Surface, Waste-Water, Water, Wood

? Khataee, A.R., Vatanpour, V. and mani Ghadim, A.R. (2009), Decolorization of C.I. Acid Blue 9 solution by UV/Nano-TiO₂, Fenton, Fenton-like, electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation processes: A comparative study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1225-1233.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1225.pdf

Abstract: This study makes a comparison between UV/Nano-TiO₂, Fenton, Fenton-like, electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) treatment methods to investigate the removal of C.I. Acid Blue 9 (AB9), which was chosen as the model organic contaminant. Results indicated that the decolorization efficiency was in order of Fenton > EC > UV/Nano-TiO₂ > Fenton-like > EF. Desired concentrations of Fe²⁺ and H₂O₂ for the abatement of AB9 in the Fenton-based processes were found to be 10^-4 M and 210^-3 M, respectively. In the case of UV/Nano-TiO₂ process, we have studied the influence of the basic photocatalytic parameters such as the irradiation time, pH of the solution and amount of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the photocatalytic decolorization efficiency of AB9. Accordingly, it could be stated that the complete removal of color, after selecting desired operational parameters could be achieved in a relatively short time, about 25 min. Our results also revealed that the most effective decomposition of AB9 was observed with 150 mg/l of TiO₂ nanoparticles in acidic condition. The effect of operational parameters including current density, initial pH and time of electrolysis were studied in electrocoagulation process. The results indicated that for a solution of 20 mg/l AB9, almost 98% color were removed, when the pH was about 6, the time of electrolysis was 8 min and the current density was approximately 25 A/m² in electrocoagulation process.

Keywords: Advanced Oxidation Processes, Comparative Study, Comparison, Contaminant, Current Density, Decolorization, Decomposition, Dye Removal, EC, Efficiency, Electrocoagulation, Electrogenerated H₂O₂, Electrolysis, Fenton, H₂O₂, Irradiation, Methods, Model, Nanoparticles, Organic, pH, Photocatalytic, Removal, Solution, TiO₂, TiO₂ Nanoparticles, Treatment

? Lugo-Lugo, V., Hernbndez-Lóez, S., Barrera-Dínz, C., Ureña-Núñez, F. and Bilyeu, B. (2009), A comparative study of natural, formaldehyde-treated and copolymer-grafted orange peel for Pb(II) adsorption under batch and continuous mode. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1255-1264.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1255.pdf

Abstract: Natural, formaldehyde-treated and copolymer-grafted orange peels were evaluated as adsorbents to remove lead ions from aqueous solutions. The optimum pH for lead adsorption was found to be pH 5. The adsorption process was fast, reaching 99% of sorbent capacity in 10 min for the natural and treated biomasses and 20 min for the grafted material. The treated biomass showed the highest sorption rate and capacity in the batch experiments, with the results fitting well to a pseudo-first order rate equation. In the continuous test with the treated biomass, the capacity at complete exhaustion was 46.61 mg g^-1 for an initial concentration of 150 mg L^-1. Scanning electronic microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the materials had a rough surface, and that the adsorption of the metal took place on the surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the functional groups responsible for metallic biosorption were the -OH, -COOH and -NH₂ groups on the surface. Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis indicates that a mass reduction of 80% can be achieved at 600C. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Keywords: Biosorption, Orange Peel, Lead, Remediation, Water, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Aluminum-Industry Waste, Aqueous-Solutions, Sargassum sp, Red Mud, Removal, Water, Adsorbent, Isotherm, Biomass

? Prasad, R.K. and Srivastava, S.N. (2009), Sorption of distillery spent wash onto fly ash: Kinetics, mechanism, process design and factorial design. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1313-1322.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1313.pdf

Abstract: Batch and continuous experiments were performed for the sorption of distillery spent wash onto fly ash particles. The Freundlich and pseudo-second order equation were found to fit the equilibrium data perfectly. The Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion isotherm equation was used to predict the sorption mechanism and the predicted equation for 10% dilution of spent wash sorption is q(t) = 11.1344(t)(0.5) + 33.304. The optimization using 2(3) factorial design of experiments provides optimal removal of color of 93% for dilution (5%), dosage of adsorbent (10g) and temperature (293 K). The actual color removal at optimal conditions was 92.24%, confirms close to the factorial design results. The complete error analysis using six non-linear error functions: Chi-square(chi(2)); sum of square errors (SSE); composite fractional error function (HYBRD); derivative of Marquardt’s percent standard deviation (MPSD); average relative error (ARE); sum of absolute errors (EABS) were calculated. Free energy of adsorption at 293 K (G = - 1574.67J), enthalpy change (H = -32.5487 KJ) and entropy change (S = 105J/K) were calculated to predict the nature of adsorption. Adsorption studies in a packed column were evaluated using Bed depth service time model, Thomas model and Adams-Bohart model. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Ag, Air, Am, Analysis, Aqueous-Solutions, Change, Color Removal, Column, Composite, Data, Desalination, Design, Diffusion, Dilution, Divalent Metal-Ions, Dye, Dyes, Electrochemical Treatment, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Enzyme, Equilibrium, Error, Error Analysis, Error Function, Errors, Experiments, Factorial Design, Fly Ash, Fly-Ash, Food, Freundlich, Function, Functions, Green, Hazard, Intraparticle, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Mater, Mechanism, Methylene-Blue, Model, Optimal Conditions, Optimization, P, Packed Column, Particles, Pigment, Process, Process Design, Process Variables, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Equation, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Response-Surface Methodology, Rice Husk, Rights, SCI, Service, Soil, Sorption, Sorption Mechanism, Standard, Surface, Temperature, Test, Thomas, Thomas Model, Water, Work

? Chen, S.Y., Zou, Y., Yan, Z.Y., Shen, W., Shi, S.K., Zhang, X. and Wang, H.P. (2009), Carboxymethylated-bacterial cellulose for copper and lead ion removal. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1355-1359.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1355.pdf

Abstract: Carboxymethylated-bacterial cellulose (CM-BC) was synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum by adding water-soluble carboxymethylated cellulose (CMC) in the culture medium. The CM-BC was examined for the removal of copper and lead ions from aqueous solution compared with BC. The effects of performance parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time on copper and lead ion adsorption were analyzed. Both BC and CM-BC show good adsorption performance at optimized pH 4.5. Compared with BC, CM-BC performs better adsorption, with the value of 9.67 mg (copper)/g, 22.56 mg (lead)/g for BC and 12.63 mg (copper)/g, 60.42 mg (lead)/g for CM-BC, respectively. The adsorption rate closely follows pseudo-second-order rate model and the adsorption isotherm data well follows the Langmuir model. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dose, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Performance, Adsorption Rate, Amidoximated Cellulose, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Bacterial Cellulose, Beads, Carboxymethylated-Bacterial Cellulose, Cellulose, CMC, Contact, Copper, Culture, Data, Derivatives, Dye, Dyes, Effects, Fe, Hazard, Heavy-Metal Ions, INT, Ion Adsorption, Ion Removal, Ions, Isotherm, Kaye, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Lead, Lead Ion, Mater, Membrane, Microbial Cellulose, Model, N, Pd, Performance, pH, Pigment, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Removal, Rights, Sawdust, SCI, SE, Solution, Surface, Table, Treat, Value, Water

? Sprynskyy, M. (2009), Solid-liquid-solid extraction of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni and Pb) in aqueous systems of zeolite-sewage sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1377-1383.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1377.pdf

Abstract: This paper presents results of kinetic and equilibrium studies of the removal of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni and Pb) from the sewage sludge using a new technique of solid-liquid-solid extraction with the adsorption-diffusion column filled by the zeolite. The metal extraction onto the zeolite from aqueous solution of the clinoptilolite and the sludge composition is characterized by three stages: intensive extraction, inversion and stabilization with the moderate extraction increase. Addition of 25% of the zeolite provides extraction efficiency of cadmium and lead of about 84%, chromium, copper and nickel of 66%, 61% and 50%, respectively. The estimated values of Gibbs free energy change Delta G show that the metals extraction by the clinoptilolite may be considered as a physical adsorption. The negative values of Delta G testify to an exothermic nature of the process. The difference between energetic potentials of the components is a driving force of the metal redistribution in the system “clinoptilolite-water-sludge”. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Sewage Sludge, Heavy Metals, Clinoptilolite, Extraction, Digested-Sludge, Removal, Clinoptilolite, Speciation, Compost, Amendment, Lime, Soil

? Chiang, H.M., Chen, T.C., Pan, S.D., and Chiang, H.L. (2009), Adsorption characteristics of Orange II and Chrysophenine on sludge adsorbent and activated carbon fibers. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1384-1390.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1384.pdf

Abstract: Sludge adsorbent (SA) and commercial activated carbon fibers (ACFC and ACFT) were applied to Orange II and Chrysophenine (CH) adsorption (BET surface area: ACFC > ACFT > SA). ACFT was primarily in the micropore range, while SA was ~500Å (macropore) and 80Å (mesopore). The ACFC pore volume was high in both the mesopore and micropore regions. Measurement of the oxygen surface functional groups of the adsorbents using Boehm’s titration method showed a similar distribution on the carbon fibers (mainly in the carbonyl group), while SA was mainly in the carboxyl, lactone and phenolic groups. The SA, ACFC and ACFT adsorption capacities of Orange II (30-80 mg/l) ranged from 83 to 270, 209-438, and 25-185 mg/g at temperatures ranging from 10 to 60C, respectively. CH concentration ranged from 30 to 80 mg/l, corresponding to SA and ACFC adsorption capacities of 39-191 and 48-374 mg/g over the defined temperature range, from 10 to 60C. CH adsorption on ACFT was low. The adsorption capacity of Orange II on ACFT was lower than on SA at 10C, but at higher temperatures the Orange II molecules were transported into the ACFT, producing an adsorption capacity similar to that of SA. Mass transfer increased with temperature, overcoming the adsorption energy barrier. Overall, SA and ACFC were more effective than ACFT.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Capacity, Azo Dye, Barrier, BET, BET Surface Area, Capacity, Carbon, Characteristics, Concentration, Distribution, Energy, Fibers, Functional Groups, Mass Transfer, Mesopore, Orange II, Oxygen, Oxygen Surface Functional Group, Pore Size Distribution, Pore Volume, Sludge, Surface, Surface Area, Surface Functional Groups, Temperature, Volume

? Baral, S.S., Das, N., Ramulu, T.S., Sahoo, S.K., Das, S.N. and Chaudhury, G.R. (2009), Removal of Cr(VI) by thermally activated weed Salvinia cucullata in a fixed-bed column. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1427-1435.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1427.pdf

Abstract: The present study evaluates the feasibility of using a thermally activated fresh water weed in removing Cr(VI) from wastewater through column studies. The effect of flow rate, bed height and Cr(VI) concentration of the feed solution on the adsorption capacity of the activated weed was investigated. The adsorption capacity increased with decrease in both flow rate and bed height but increased with an increase in initial adsorbate concentration. Four different kinetic models, such as. Adams-Bohart, Bed Depth Service Time (BDST), Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were first applied to the experimental data to predict the breakthrough curve and to determine the characteristic parameters of the column useful for designing large-scale column studies. Different statistical methods such as Sum of the Square of the Error (SSE), Sum of the Absolute Error (SAE), Average Relative Error (ARE), Average Relative Standard Error (ARS) and regression coefficient, were applied to evaluate the prominent and unique characteristic features of the experimental and predicted parameters under the respective models to find out the best fit. The performance stability of the adsorbent was tested by continuous adsorption-desorption studies. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Cr(VI) Adsorption, Column Studies, Error Analysis, Modeling, Regeneration, Coated Cement IOCC, Aqueous-Solution, Heavy-Metals, Chromium(VI) Removal, Breakthrough Curves, Hexavalent Chromium, Ion-Exchange, Waste-Water, Packed-Bed, Adsorption

? Lv, L., Sun, P.D., Gu, Z.Y., Du, H.G., Pang, X.J., Tao, X.H., Xu, R.F. and Xu, L.L. (2009), Removal of chloride ion from aqueous solution by ZnAl-NO₃ layered double hydroxides as anion-exchanger. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1444-1449.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1444.pdf

Abstract: The layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing nitrate as the interlayer anion has a high anion-exchange capacity in the presence of appropriate anions. In the light of this, ZnAl-NO₃ LDHs have been employed to remove chloride ion from aqueous solution in a batch mode. The influences of conditions for chloride ion uptake, including dosage of LDHs, pH of aqueous solution, and temperature on anion-exchange have been investigated, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters including Gibbs free energy (G), standard enthalpy change (H), and standard entropy change (S) for the process were calculated using the Langmuir constants. It was found from kinetics test that the pseudo-second order kinetics model could be used to well describe the uptake process. An Ea value of 10.27 kJ/mol provides evidence the anion-exchange process. The explanation of anion-exchange phenomenon has also been supported by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectra. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Anion-Exchange, Anions, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch Mode, Capacity, Carbon, Change, Chinese, Chloride, Clay, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Evidence, Explanation, Fine, FT-IR, FTIR, FTIR Spectra, Gibbs Free Energy, Hazard, Hydrotalcite, Kinetic, Kinetics, Kinetics Model, Langmuir, Layered Double Hydroxides, Magnesium-Aluminum Oxide, Mater, Mode, Model, Nitrate, pH, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Rights, SCI, Solution, Sorption, Standard, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Uptake, Value, Waste-Water, Water, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction

? Bekçi, Z., Seki, Y. and Cavas, L. (2009), Removal of malachite green by using an invasive marine alga Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1454-1460.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1454.pdf

Abstract: The biosorption of a cationic dye, malachite green oxalate (MG) from aqueous solution onto an invasive marine alga Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea (CRC) was investigated at different temperatures (298, 308 and 318 K). The dye adsorption onto CRC was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Equilibrium data were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equations. All of the isotherm parameters were calculated. The Freundlich model gave a better conformity than Langmuir equation. The mean free energy values (E) from DR isotherm were also estimated. In order to clarify the sorption kinetic, the fit of pseudo-first-order kinetic model, second-order kinetic model and intraparticle diffusion model were investigated. It was obtained that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. From thermodynamic studies the free energy changes were found to be -7.078, -9.848 and -10.864 kJ mol^-1 for 298, 308 and 318 K, respectively. This implied the spontaneous nature of biosorption and the type of adsorption as physisorption. Activation energy value for MG sorption (Ea) was found to be 37.14 kJ mol^-1. It could be also derived that this result supported physisorption as a type of adsorption.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Adsorption-Kinetics, Am, Analysis, Antioxidant Status, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Biosorption, Cationic Dye, Caulerpa Racemosa Var.Cylindracea, Changes, Chlorophyta, Data, Diffusion, Diffusion Model, Dye, Dye Adsorption, Dyes, Energy, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, FTIR, FTIR Analysis, Hazard, Intraparticle, Intraparticle Diffusion, Intraparticle Diffusion Model, Invasion, Invasions, Invasive, Invasive Species, Isotherm, Isotherm Parameters, Isotope, Isotopes, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Lentillifera, Malachite Green, Manage, Mar, Mater, Mg, Model, P, Pigment, Process, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Rate Kinetics, Removal, Rights, SCI, Second Order, Second-Order, Solution, Sorption, Spontaneous, SS, Surface, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Studies, Value, Values, Waste, Waste-Water

? Sreejalekshmi, K.G., Krishnan, K.A., and Anirudhan, T.S. (2009), Adsorption of Pb(II) and Pb(II)-citric acid on sawdust activated carbon: Kinetic and equilibrium isotherm studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1506-1513.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1506.pdf

Abstract: The removal of Pb(II) and Pb(II)-citric acid (Pb(II)-CA) from aqueous solutions by sawdust activated carbon (SDAC) was investigated. The higher adsorptive removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions containing Pb(II)-CA than Pb(II) only was observed due to the presence of CA in the former system. The mechanism of adsorption process was studied by conducting pH as well as kinetic studies. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the effect of adsorbent dose, initial concentration and temperature for the removal of Pb(II) from Pb(II) only and Pb(II)-CA aqueous systems. The adsorption was maximum for the initial pH in the range of 6.5-8.0 and 2.0-5.0 for Pb(II) and Pb(II)-CA, respectively. The solution pH, zero point charge (pH(zpc)) and species distribution of Pb(II) and Pb(II)-CA were found to play an important role in the adsorption of Pb(II) and Pb(II)-CA onto SDAC from water and wastewaters. SDAC exhibited very high adsorption potential for Pb(II) ions in presence of CA than when Pb(II) ions alone were present. The kinetic and equilibrium adsorption data were well modeled using pseudo-first-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Sawdust Activated Carbon, Lead, Citric Acid, Isotherm, Aqueous-Solutions, Heavy-Metals, Lead Ions, Bagasse Pith, Citric-Acid, Muloorina Illite, Removal, Effluent, Cadmium, Batch

? Din, A.T.M., Hameed, B.H. and Ahmad, A.L. (2009), Batch adsorption of phenol onto physiochemical-activated coconut shell. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 161 (2-3), 1522-1529.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat161, 1522.pdf

Abstract: The liquid-phase adsorption of phenol onto coconut shell-based activated carbon, CS850A was investigated for its equilibrium studies and kinetic modeling. Coconut shell was converted into high quality activated carbon through physiochemical activation at 850C under the influence of CO₂ flow. Beforehand, the coconut shell was carbonized at 700C and the resulted char was impregnated with KOH at 1:1 weight ratio. In order to evaluate the performance of CS850A, a series of batch adsorption experiments were conducted with initial phenol concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 mg l^-1, adsorbent loading of 0.2 g and the adsorption process was maintained at 30±1C. The adsorption isotherms were in conformation to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Chemical reaction was found to be a rate-controlling parameter to this phenol-CS850A batch adsorption system due to strong agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption capacity for CS850A was found to be 205.8 mg g^-1. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Aa, Acid Dyes, Activated Carbon, Activation, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Process, Agricultural Solid-Waste, Aqueous-Solutions, Bagasse-Fly-Ash, Basic Dye, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Capacity, Carbon, Char, CO₂, Coconut Shell, Coconutshell, Coir Pith, Desalination, Dye, Dyes, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Studies, Experiments, Flow, Food, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Fuel, Hazard, Influence, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Modeling, Koh, Langmuir, Liquid Phase, Liquid-Phase Adsorption, Loading, Mater, Methyl-Violet, Model, Modeling, Models, N, P, Performance, Phenol, Physiochemical Activation, Pigment, Process, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetic, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Quality, Removal, Rights, SCI, Weight, Yang

? Donia, A.M., Atia, A.A., Al-amrani, W.A. and El-Nahas, A.M. (2009), Effect of structural properties of acid dyes on their adsorption behaviour from aqueous solutions by amine modified silica. Journal of Hazardous Materials,