Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 838.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of heavy metal cations Pb(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution by a mine tailing which mainly contains muscovite was investigated. The property of the mineral was investigated by using SEM, FT-IR, XRD and BET analysis. pH_pzc was measured by an titration technique to give a value of 5.4±0.1. Kinetics experiments indicated that the processes can be simulated by pseudo-second-order model. Total adsorption amounts of the heavy metal increased, while the adsorption density decreased when the solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L) increased. Grain size did not affect the adsorption capacity significantly. The resulting isotherms can be described by Frendlich relationship. and the maximum adsorption capacity (molar basis) followed the order of Cr(III) > Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Ni(II)> Cd(II). Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption processed were endothermic and may be chemical in nature with positive H°. The positive S° suggested that dissociative processed were involved. Small positive G° suggested that the adsorption processes required a small amount of energy. Adsorption processes were slightly affected by electrolyte ion concentration but strongly dependent on pH value. The most possible mechanism of the adsorption processes involve the inner-sphere-complexions by the aluminol or silanol groups on the surface of the mineral. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Aqueous Solution, Bet, Capacity, Cd(II), Chemical, Concentration, Copper, Cr(III), Cu(II), Endothermic, Energy, Equilibrium, Experiments, FT-IR, FTIR, Heavy Metal, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetics, Mechanism, Metal, Mine Tailing, Model, Modified Kaolinite Clay, Ni(II), Pb(II), pH, pH Value, pH_pzc, Property, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Rights, Sawdust Adsorption, SEM, Size, Small, Solution, Sorption, Surface, Thermodynamic, Value, Vanadium, Waste-Water, XRD

? Chen, G.C., Shan, X.Q., Zhou, Y.Q., Shen, X.E., Huang, H.L. and Khan, S.U. (2009), Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics of atrazine on surface oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 912-918.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 912.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic of atrazine on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) containing 0.85%, 2.16%, and 7.07% oxygen was studied. Kinetic analyses were performed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. The regression results showed that the pseudo-second-order law fit the adsorption kinetics. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that adsorption of atrazine on MWCNTs was spontaneous and exothermic. Standard free energy (ΔG⁰) became less negative when the oxygen content of MWCNTs increased from 0.85% to 7.07% which is consistent with the low adsorption affinity of MWCNTs for atrazine. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Analyses, Aqueous-Solutions, Atrazine, Carbon, Carbon Nanotubes, Degradation-Products, Desorption, Diffusion, Energy, Equilibrium, Exothermic, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherms, Isotherms and Thermodynamics, Kinetic, Kinetics, Law, Models, Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, Mwcnts, Nanomaterials, Nanotubes, Oxygen, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Regression, Removal, Rights, Sepiolite, Sorption, Surface, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Water

? Zhu, H.Y., Jiang, R., Xiao, L., Chang, Y.H., Guan, Y.J., Li, X.D. and Zeng, G.M. (2009), Photocatalytic decolorization and degradation of Congo Red on innovative crosslinked chitosan, nano-CdS composite catalyst under visible light irradiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 933-940.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 933.pdf

Abstract: The crosslinked chitosan, nano-CdS (CS, n-CdS) composite catalyst prepared by simulating bio-mineralization process was extensively characterized by FT-IR spectra, XRD, SEM, TEM and TGA. An azo dye, Congo Red (CR), was used as model pollutant to study its photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The influences of catalyst amount, initial CR concentrations, pH of the reaction solution and different anions on CR decolorization and degradation reaction kinetics were investigated. Results of characterization indicated the successful formation of hexagonal phase of CdS on raw chitosan under mild conditions. The photocatalytic degradation was found to follow a pseudo-first-order kinetics according to Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model. The dye could be decolorized more efficiently in acidic media than alkaline media. The presence of NO(3)(-) accelerated evidently the degradation of CR, while the other chosen anions (Br(-), SO(4)(2-) and Cl(-)) had an inhibitory effect on the decolorization of CR, of which the inhibitory effect of Cl- was the most pronounced. UV-vis spectra were analyzed to indicate that degradation of CR in the solution was the break up of the N=N bonds and degradation of aromatic fragment in this reaction system. The recycling experiments confirmed the relative stability of the catalyst. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Anions, Aqueous-Solutions, Azo-Dye, Characterization, Chitosan, Congo Red, Cr, FTIR, Kinetics, Kinetics, Methyl-Orange, Model, Nano-CdS, pH, Photocatalytic, Photodegradation, Pseudo-First-Order, Reactive Dyes, SEM, TEM, TGA, Thin-Films, TiO₂, Visible Light Photocatalysis, Waste-Water, XRD

? Khamis, M., Jumean, F. and Abdo, N. (2009), Speciation and removal of chromium from aqueous solution by white, yellow and red UAE sand. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 948-952.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 948.pdf

Abstract: Removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by different types of sand as a low cost abundant adsorbent was investigated. White, yellow and red sands from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were employed at various adsorbent, metal ion ratios. The effect of contact time, pH, temperature, metal concentration and sand dosage was studied. The optimal pH for adsorption was ca. 5.0 for Cr(III) and 2.0 for Cr(VI). The optimal adsorption time for both ions was ca. 3 h. Even at the optimal pH, adsorption of Cr(VI) on all sand forms was very low (removal <= 10%) and could not be fitted to any of the common isotherms. While at pH 5.0 Cr(VI) was not adsorbed at all, Cr(III) was totally removed. Adsorption of Cr(III) by the three sand forms obeyed Lagregren first order kinetics. The rate constants at 25.0 degrees C were 3.95 x 10(-4), 2.28 x 10(-5) and 7.75 x 10(-6) s(-1) for white, yellow and red sand, respectively. For Cr(III), the Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit for adsorption. At 25.0 degrees C, the maximum mass of Cr(III) removed per gram of sand (Q(max)) was 62.5, 9.80 and 2.38 (mg, g) for white, yellow and red sand, respectively. Delta H degrees was 14.5, 51.2 and 45.8 kJ mol(-1) and Delta S degrees was 24.0, 136 and 111 J K(-1) mol(-1) for adsorption on white, yellow and red sand, respectively. The results are discussed in terms of the chromium species present in the solution and the effect of sand particle distribution and metal composition on adsorption efficiency. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption, Chromium, Cr(III), Cr(VI), First Order, Heavy-Metals, Hexavalent Chromium, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal, pH, Reduction, Removal, Speciation, UAE Sand, Waste-Water, Wastewaters

? Ignatowicz, K. (2009), Selection of sorbent for removing pesticides during water treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 953-957.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 953.pdf

Abstract: This paper presents research on phenoxyacid pesticides removal using sorption methods on activated carbons. It was noted, that physico-chemical properties of adsorbent and adsorbate as well as parameters of the process have influence on adsorption of pesticides, derivatives of phenoxyacetic acid on carbon. The experimental data were analyzed by the Freundlich isotherm. The best for remove from water on carbon NP-5 was 2,4-D. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Freundlich model with maximum adsorption capacity of NP-5 carbon. The exemplary sorption capacity at equilibrium concentration 10 mg L-1 were: 2.4-D 70 mg g^-1, MCPA 2 mg g^-1, MCPP 0.5 mg g^-1. The results indicated that coconut shell-based NP-5 carbon is most effective for the adsorption of phenoxyacetic acid from aqueous solutions. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous, Aqueous-Solution, Capacity, Carbon, Chromatographic Analysis, Degradation, Elsevier, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Herbicides, Herbicides, Isotherm, Isotherms, Pesticides, Removal, Research, Soil, Solutions, Sorption, Sorption, Surface Waters, Treatment, Water, Water Treatment

? Cheng, X., Huang, X.R., Wang, X.Z., Zhao, B.Q., Chen, A.Y. and Sun, D.Z. (2009), Phosphate adsorption from sewage sludge filtrate using zinc-aluminum layered double hydroxides. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 958-964.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 958.pdf

Abstract: A series of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different metal cations were synthesized to remove phosphate in waste sludge filtrate from a municipal wastewater treatment plant for phosphorus recovery and to help control eutrophication. The highest phosphate adsorption capacity was obtained by using Zn-Al-2-300, that is LDHs with Zn/Al molar ratio of 2 and calcined at 300ºC for 4 h. Circumneutral and mildly alkaline waters appeared suitable for the possible application of Zn-Al LDHs due to the amphoteric nature of aluminum hydroxide. Phosphate adsorption from the sludge filtrate by the LDHs followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption capacity at equilibrium was determined to be similar to 50 mg P/g. Adsorption isotherms showed that phosphate uptake in this study was an endothermic process and had a good fit with a Langmuir-type model. The absorbed phosphate can be effectively desorbed (more than 80%) from LDHs particles by a 5 wt% NaOH solution. The regeneration rate of used LDHs was similar to 60% after six cycles of adsorption-desorption-regeneration. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Aluminum, Anions, Application, Aqueous-Solutions, Calcination, Calcined, Capacity, Control, Desorption and Regeneration, Dolomite, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Eutrophication, Hydrotalcite, Hydroxide, Ion-Exchange, Isotherms, Kinetics, Layered Double Hydroxides, Metal, Model, Municipal Wastewater, NaOH, Particles, Phosphate, Phosphate Adsorption, Phosphorus, Plant, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Recovery, Regeneration, Removal, Rights, Seawater, Sewage, Sewage Sludge, Sewage Sludge Filtrate, Sludge, Solution, Treatment, Uptake, Waste, Waste Sludge, Waste-Water, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment, Wastewater Treatment Plant, Waters, Zn-Al Layered Double Hydroxides

? Jayaram, K. and Prasad, M.N.V. (2009), Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by seed powder of Prosopis juliflora DC. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 991-997.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 991.pdf

Abstract: Biosorption potential of Prosopis juliflora seed powder (PJSP) for Pb(II) from aqueous solution was investigated. The effects of pH, contact time and different metal concentrations were studied in batch experiments. The maximum uptake of metal ions was obtained at pH 6.0. Adsorption equilibrium was established at 360 min. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to study the kinetics of the biosorption processes. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best correlation (R² = 0.9992) of the experimental data compared to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The maximum Pb(II) adsorbed was found to be 40.322 mg/g and it was found that the biosorption of Pb(II) on PJSP has correlated well (R² = 0.9719) with the Langmuir equation compared to Freundlich isotherm equation (R² = 0.9282) in the concentration range studied. Negative values of ΔG indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The FTIR study revealed the presence of various functional groups which are responsible for the adsorption process. The overall results show that PJSP can be envisaged as a vibrant, biosorbent for metal cleanup operations. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch Experiments, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Concentration, Copper, Correlation, Data, DC, Equilibrium, Exothermic, Experimental, Experiments, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, FTIR, Functional Groups, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Lead Ions, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Models, Pb(II), pH, Potential, Prosopis Juliflora Seed Powder, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Recovery, Removal, Rights, Solution, Sorption, Uptake

? Zeng, X.W., Fan, Y.G., Wu, G.L., Wang, C.H. and Shi, R.F. (2009), Enhanced adsorption of phenol from water by a novel polar post-crosslinked polymeric adsorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 1022-1028.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 1022.pdf

Abstract: A novel post-crosslinked polymeric adsorbent PDM-2 was prepared by Friedel-Crafts reaction of pendant vinyl groups without external crosslinking agent. Both the specific surface area and the pore volume of starting copolymer PDM-1 increased significantly after post-crosslinking. Batch adsorption runs of phenol from aqueous solution onto PDM-1 and PDM-2 were investigated. Commercial macroporous resins XAD-4 and AB-8 were chosen as the comparison. Experimental results showed that isotherms of phenol adsorption onto these four polymeric adsorbents could be represented by Freundlich model reasonably. PDM-2 exhibited higher adsorption capacity of phenol than other three adsorbents, which resulted from synergistic effect of larger specific surface area and polar groups on the network. The adsorption process for phenol was proved to be exothermic and spontaneous in nature. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb’s free energy (ΔG), change in enthalpy (ΔH) and change in entropy (ΔS) were calculated. Kinetics studies indicated that phenol uptake onto PDM-1 and PDM-2 followed the pseudo-second order model and the intraparticle diffusion process was a rate-controlling step. Column adsorption runs demonstrated that nearly 100% regeneration efficiency for PDM-2 by 3 BV industrial alcohol and the adsorbate phenol can be easily recovered by further distilling. Continuous column adsorption-regeneration cycles indicated negligible capacity loss of PDM-2 during operation. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Alcohol, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solution, Batch Adsorption, Capacity, Column, Comparison, Copolymer, Crosslinking, Diffusion, Divinylbenzene Copolymers, Efficiency, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Exothermic, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherms, Kinetics, Macroporous, Macroporous Polymeric Adsorbent, Model, Network, Operation, Pendant Vinyl Groups, Phenol, Polymeric, Polymeric Adsorbent, Polymeric Adsorbents, Pore Volume, Post-Crosslinking, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Model, Pseudo-Second-Order, Regeneration, Removal, Resins, Rights, Solid-Phase Extraction, Solute Adsorption, Solution, Sorbents, Sorption Properties, Specific Surface, Specific Surface Area, Styrene-Divinylbenzene, Surface, Surface Area, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Uptake, Volume, Water, XAD-4

? Sanghi, R., Sankararamakrishnan, N. and Dave, B.C. (2009), Fungal bioremediation of chromates: Conformational changes of biomass during sequestration, binding, and reduction of hexavalent chromium ions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 1074-1080.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 1074.pdf

Abstract: This paper highlights the mechanistic aspects of white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor as a complexing/reducing agent for chromium bioremediation. The chemical reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) via the formation of Cr(VI) thio ester as an intermediate, is pH dependent and controls the overall chromium adsorption kinetics. The strong adsorption affinity of the biomass towards Cr(VI) anions was evaluated by the Freundlich and the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis suggested the involvement of amino, carboxylate, and thiol groups from fungal cell wall in chromium binding and reduction. The mechanism of the adsorption was preferential sequestration along with binding of the metal to the ligating groups present in the biomass followed by reduction to trivalent state. The results indicate step-wise progression of overall reaction dictated and modulated by structural and conformation effects in the biomass that lead to saturation, acceleration, and ultimate saturation kinetics effects. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetics, Analysis, Anions, Binding, Biomass, Biomaterials, Bioremediation, Biosorption, Cell Wall, Changes, Chemical, Chemical Reduction, Chromium, Chromium Adsorption, Chromium Binding, Chromium Ions, Coriolus Versicolor, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Freundlich, FTIR, Fungus, Hexavalent Chromium, Hexavelent Chromium, Infrared-Spectroscopy, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead, Mechanism, Metal, Metals, pH, pH-Dependent, Proteins, Reduction, Removal Mechanism, Rights, Saturation, Sequestration, Sorption, State, Water, White Rot Fungus

? Lakshmanraj, L., Gurusamy, A., Gobinath, M.B. and Chandramohan, R. (2009), Studies on the biosorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions by using boiled mucilaginous seeds of Ocimum americanum. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 1141-1145.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 1141.pdf

Abstract: Investigations were carried out to study the chromium removal efficiency of boiled mucilaginous seeds of Ocimum americanum. Batch experiments were conducted to study the biosorption kinetics of chromium removal for the concentrations 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 40 mg/L of chromium(VI) solutions. The biosorbent dosage was 8 g dry seeds/L. The toxic hexavalent chromium was reduced to less toxic Chromium(III) in the presence of seeds and the reduced chromium was adsorbed on the mucilage of seeds. Both the chromium(VI) and Chromium(III) were present in the aqueous phase. The optimum chromium reduction and adsorption was observed at the pH value 1.5. The biosorption data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm. The biosorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was q = 32 mg Chromium(III)/g of dry seeds. The continuous column study was also carried out at the flow rate of 27 mL/h for the initial concentration 25 mg/L of chromium(VI) feed solution using a packed bed column filled with boiled mucilaginous seeds. The maximum reduction of chromium(VI) to Chromium(III) in the packed bed was 80%. The percentage removal of reduced chromium from the aqueous solution was 56.25%. This value was maintained constant until 0.52 L of chromium(VI) solution was pumped through the packed bed column. Thus the naturally immobilized polysaccharides on the seeds mimic the microbial polysaccharides in terms of their ability to adsorb heavy metals with an added advantage of making the immobilization step unnecessary which is a major cost factor of the metal removal process when microbial exopolysaccharides used. The uniform size and spherical shape of swollen seeds give an additional advantage to use them in a packed bed column for continuous removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Alginate Beads, Aqueous, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption Kinetics, Capacity, Chromium, Chromium Reduction, Chromium Removal, Chryseomonas-Luteola TEM05, Dead Fungal Biomass, Ecklonia Biomass, Elsevier, Heavy Metals, Hexavalent Chromium, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir Isotherm, Metal, Metals, Mucilaginous Seeds, Ocimum Americanum, pH, Polysaccharides, Reduction, Removal, Solutions

? Ponnusami, V. and Srivastava, S.N. (2009), Studies on application of teak leaf powders for the removal of color from synthetic and industrial effluents. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169 (1-3), 1159-1162.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat169, 1159.pdf

Abstract: Batch studies were conducted to investigate the potential of untreated teak leaf powder (TLP) to remove color from synthetic and industrial effluents. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data. Langmuir isotherm was found to be the best-fitting isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 99.1, 145.2, 188.7 and 207.9 mg methylene blue/g TLP at 293,303,313 and 323 K, respectively. It was also found from the thermodynamic analysis that the adsorption of methylene blue onto TLP was spontaneous, chemisorption and exothermic in nature. The color of the effluent was quantified in terms of the area under absorbance spectrum. Percentage color, COD and total dissolved solids (TDS) removed from a diluted effluent (10% effluent by vol.) were found to be 57.41, 45.95 and 49.46, respectively. The monolayer capacity was calculated in terms of TDS and was found to be 219 mg/g. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous-Solution, Basic Dye Adsorption, Capacity, Chemisorption, Cod, Color Removal, Elsevier, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherms, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Langmuir Isotherm, Methylene Blue, Methylene-Blue, Raw, Removal, Sorption Equilibrium, Surfaces, TDS, Teak Leaf Powder, Textile Effluent, Thermodynamic, Waste

? Amoyaw, P.A., Williams, M. and Bu, X.R. (2009), The fast removal of low concentration of cadmium(II) from aqueous media by chelating polymers with salicylaldehyde units. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 170 (1), 22-26.

Full Text: 2009\J Haz Mat170, 22.pdf

Abstract: Poly[4-(4-vinylbenzyloxy)-2-hydrobenzaldehyde]. PVBH, a salicylaldehyde chelating functional group-based polymer has been found to be capable of the removal of low concentration of cadmium metal ion in ppb level from aqueous media. The adsorption fits best with the Langmuir model, indicating the monolayer coverage of the metal ion on the surface of chelating polymer. The RL values have indicated the favorable adsorption in the range of all the ppb concentrations studied. The kinetic study has revealed a very fast adsorption process with the rate following the pseudo-second-order. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords: 4-Vinylbenzyl, Adsorption, Cadmium, Cadmium(II), Chelating Polymer, Complexes, Concentration, Coverage, Crystal, Drinking-Water, Heavy Metal Removal, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetic Study, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Ligand, Media, Metal, Metal Ion, Metals, Model, Monolayer, Polymer, Polymers, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rapid Removal, Removal, Rights, Salicylaldehyde, Sawdust, Sorption, Surface

? Varlikli, C., Bekiari, V., Kus, M., Boduroglu, N., Oner, I., Lianos, P., Lyberatos, G. and Icli, S. (2009), Adsorption of dyes on Sahara desert sand. Journal of Hazardous Materials,