Title: Journal of Environmental Management

Title: Journal of Environmental Management

ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Environ. Manage.

JCR Abbreviated Title: J Environ Manage

ISSN: 0301-4797

Issues/Year: 12

Journal Country/Territory: England

Language: English

Publisher: Academic Press Ltd

Publisher Address: 24-28 Oval Rd, London NW1 7DX, England

Subject Categories:

Environmental Sciences: Impact Factor 0.488, 96/126 (1999); Impact Factor 0.610, 78/127 (2000); Impact Factor 0.672, 79/129 (2001); Impact Factor 0.627, 86/132 (2002); Impact Factor 0.624, 89/131 (2003); Impact Factor 0.780, 90/134 (2004); Impact Factor 1.163, 70/140 (2005); Impact Factor 2.367, 53/181 (2009)

Lee, C.S. and Wen, C.G. (1996), Application of multiobjective programming to water quality management in a river Basin. Journal of Environmental Management, 47 (1), 11-26.

Full Text: J\J Env Man47, 11.pdf

Abstract: In this work on the management of water quality in a river basin by means of multiobjective programming, the programming model consists of three objectives that include simultaneously both economic and environmental factors. These objectives are the water quality of the rivers, the cost of wastewater treatment and the assimilative capacity of the rivers. In particular, this research is the first to take into account the last objective. For practical application, this paper proposes two methods of multiobjective programming, the constraint method and the step method. Furthermore, to illustrate the application of these techniques to water quality management problems, we use the basin of Tzeng-Wen River, Taiwan, as a case study. The results show that these methods work satisfactorily to improve the water quality, to ascertain the economic cost of wastewater treatment and to allocate allowable loading in a manner of equality from non-inferior solutions. Alternatively, these methods provide important information for regulatory agencies to implement pollution control of river water.

Lin, S.J. and Chang, Y.F. (1997), Linkage effects and environmental impacts from oil consumption industries in Taiwan. Journal of Environmental Management, 49 (4), 393-411.

Full Text: J\J Env Man49, 393.pdf

Abstract: Input-output modeling and cluster analysis are used to assess the impacts of oil consumption industries on environmental quality and inter-industry relationships in Taiwan. Results indicate that fuel oil has the greatest impact on the environment. The transportation sector has grown rapidly with high energy intensity and severe pollution emission in Taiwan. Also, power generation, other industrial chemicals, paper products, non-metallic mineral products, petro-chemical materials, rubber products, cement and textiles are identified as the most significant industries causing serious pollution problems in Taiwan. Results of inter-industry linkages confirm that investment of the above-mentioned industries should be adjusted to better energy efficiency, environmental quality and economic bases. This study indicates that energy policy should integrate environmental policy, in addition to assuring energy and economical gains.

Wilson, G.A. (1997), Factors influencing farmer participation in the environmentally sensitive areas scheme. Journal of Environmental Management, 50 (1), 67-93.

Full Text: J\J Env Man50, 67.pdf

Abstract: This study investigates factors influencing farmers’ motivations for participation in the Cambrian Mountains ESA scheme (Wales, U.K.). Emphasis is placed on analysing whether significant correlations exist between ESA participation and specific factors. A behavioural approach is used for analysis, largely based on Brotherton’s classification into “scheme factors” (e.g. payments) and “farmer factors” (e.g. age of farmer), but which expands this classification by including the “information environment” of a farmer and “dynamics within the farm district”-variables which this study shares with some actor-network approaches. While size and existence of remnant wildlife habitats were strongly correlated with overall participation, payments offered by the scheme, information provided by ADAS, scheme flexibility, the “successors factor” and dynamics within the district were of particular importance for participation on farms of marginal ESA eligibility (i.e. small farms lacking substantial semi-natural habitats). Age, education and length of residency were important for explaining differential entering of specific habitats (especially broadleaved woodlands) into the ESA scheme, while scheme duration, dependence on the farm for income, tenure and the general information environment of the farmer did not influence overall participation. The paper concludes by arguing that a behavioural approach offers a valuable insight into farmers’ decision-making behaviour with regard to participation in agri-environmental schemes and that this study may be seen as a starting point that could be expanded through the use of related methodologies.

? Al-Ghouti, M.A., Khraisheh, M.A.M., Allen, S.J. and Ahmad, M.N. (2003), The removal of dyes from textile wastewater: A study of the physical characteristics and adsorption mechanisms of diatomaceous earth. Journal of Environmental Management, 69 (3), 229-238.

Full Text: 2003\J Env Man69, 229.pdf

Abstract: The feasibility of using diatomite for the removal of the problematic reactive dyes as well as basic dyes from textile wastewater was investigated. Methylene blue, Cibacron reactive black and reactive yellow dyes were considered. Physical characteristics of diatomite such as pH(solution), pH(ZPC), surface area, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy were investigated. The surface area of diatomite was found to be 27.80 m2 g^-1 and the pH(ZPC) occurred around pH of 5.4. The results indicated that the surface charge of diatomite decreased as the pH of the solution increased with the maximum methylene blue removal from aqueous solution occurring at basic pH of around (1011). Adsorption isotherms of diatomite with methylene blue, hydrolysed reactive black and yellow dyes were constructed at different pH values, initial dye concentrations and particle sizes. The experimental results were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Henry models. The study indicated that electrostatic interactions play an important role in the adsorption of dyes onto diatomite. A model of the adsorption mechanism of methylene blue onto diatomite is proposed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Diatomite, Adsorption, Methylene Blue, Reactive Dyes, Activated Carbon, Methylene-Blue, Titration, Oxides, Silica

Roostaei, N. and Tezel, F.H. (2004), Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption. Journal of Environmental Management, 70 (2), 157-164.

Full Text: J\J Env Man70, 157.pdf

Abstract: Experiments have been conducted to examine the liquid-phase adsorption of phenol from water by silica gel, HiSiv 3000, activated alumina, activated carbon, Filtrasorb-400, and HiSiv 1000. Experiments were carried out for the analysis of adsorption equilibrium capacities and kinetics. The adsorption isotherm model of the Langmuir-Freundlich type was the best to describe adsorption equilibrium data for phenol for the adsorbents studied. Results of kinetic experiments indicated that Hisiv 1000 had the highest rate of adsorption among the adsorbents studied and therefore more detailed studies were carried out with this adsorbent. The influence of particle size, temperature, and thermal regeneration on adsorption of phenol by HiSiv 1000 was evaluated. From particle size experiments it appeared that adsorption capacity of HiSiv 1000 did not change by changing the particle size, but the rate of adsorption decreased considerably by increasing the particle size. The effect of temperature on adsorption was studied by determining equilibrium isotherms for HiSiv 1000 at 25, 40, and 55 degreesC. The results showed that adsorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature. Thermal regeneration of HiSiv 1000 was performed at 360 degreesC. It was observed that adsorption capacity of HiSiv 1000 did not change after 14 regeneration cycles. Equilibrium experiments showed that the adsorption capacities of activated carbon and Filtrasorb-400 were several times higher than that of HiSiv 1000. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Phenol Adsorption, Removal of Phenol, Liquid Adsorption, Activated Carbon, ZSM-5 Zeolite, Zeolite Y, Activated Carbon, Thermal Regeneration, Equilibrium, Temperature

Guibal, E. and Vincent, T. (2004), Chitosan-supported palladium catalyst. IV. Influence of temperature on nitrophenol degradation and thermodynamic parameters. Journal of Environmental Management, 71 (1), 15-23.

Full Text: J\J Env Man71, 15.pdf

Abstract: Glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan was loaded with palladium and then reduced using an in situ hydrogen generation procedure (Zn in sulfuric acid solution) to prepare a chitosan-supported palladium catalyst. This catalyst was successfully used to degrade nitrophenol in dilute solutions in the presence of sodium formate as the hydrogen donor. The influence of the initial concentration of nitrophenol and sodium formate was studied in order to determine the minimum molar ratio between these compounds required to achieve complete conversion of the nitrogenous product at two temperatures. Increasing the temperature decreased the excess of hydrogen donor required for complete conversion of nitrophenol. The temperature was also varied between 10 and 60 degreesC in order to determine the activation energy. The pseudo first-order equation was shown to fit degradation kinetics in most cases; however, for some cases it was necessary to use a variable-order equation to model the kinetics. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Activation Energy, Adsorption, Aromatic Nitro-Compounds, Catalysis, Chiral Stationary Phases, Chitosan, Complexes, Conversion Yield, Fine Chemicals, Hydrogen Transfer, Hydrogenation, Kinetics, Kinetics, Metal-Ions, Nitrophenol, Oxidation, P-Nitrophenol, Palladium, Sodium Formate

Bhattacharyya, K.G. and Sharma, A. (2004), Azadirachta indica leaf powder as an effective biosorbent for dyes: A case study with aqueous Congo Red solutions. Journal of Environmental Management, 71 (3), 217-229.

Full Text: J\J Env Man71, 217.pdf

Abstract: In the present work, the leaves of Azadirachta indica (locally known as the Neem tree) in the form of a powder were investigated as a biosorbent of dyes taking aqueous Congo Red solution as a model system. The sorbent was made from mature Neem leaves and was investigated in a batch reactor under variable system parameters such as concentration of the aqueous dye solution, agitation time, adsorbent amount, pH, and temperature. An amount of 0.6 g of the Neem leaf powder (NLP) per litre could remove 52.0–99.0% of the dye from an aqueous solution of concentration 2.87×10^-2 mmol l^-1 with the agitation time increasing from 60 to 300 min. The interactions were tested with respect to both pseudo first-order and second-order reaction kinetics; the latter was found to be more suitable. Considerable intra-particle diffusion was found to occur simultaneously. The sorption process was in conformity with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms yielding values of the adsorption coefficients in the following ranges: Freundlich n: 0.12–0.19, K_f: 0.1039–0.2648 L g^-1; Langmuir q_m: 41.24–128.26 g kg^-1, b: 443.3–1898.0 l mmol^-1, which supported favourable adsorption. The Langmuir monolayer capacity (q_m) was high and the values of the coefficient b indicated the equilibrium, dye+NLP=dye...NLP being shifted overwhelmingly towards adsorption. Thermodynamically, the sorption process was exothermic with an average heat of adsorption of -12.75 kJ mol^-1. The spontaneity of the sorption process was also confirmed by the favourable values of Gibbs energy (mean values: -1.09 to -1.81 kJ mol^-1) and entropy of adsorption (range: -18.97 to -56.32 J mol^-1 K^-1). The results point to the effectiveness of the Neem leaf powder as a biosorbent for removing dyes like Congo Red from water.

Keywords: Acid Dyes, Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Coefficients, Agitation, Agitation Time, Aqueous Solution, Azadirachta Indica, Basic-Dyes, Batch, Batch Reactor, Biogas Residual Slurry, Biosorbent, Capacity, Case Study, Color Removal, Concentration, Congo Red, Diffusion, Dye, Dye Solution, Dyes, Effective, Effectiveness, Energy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Exothermic, First Order, Fixed-Bed Adsorption, Fly-Ash, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherms, Heat of Adsorption, Interactions, Intra Particle Diffusion, Intra-Particle Diffusion, Intraparticle, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherms, Kinetic-Models, Kinetics, L(1), Langmuir, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Langmuir Monolayer, Leaf, Leaves, Made, Model, Monolayer, Monolayer Capacity, Neem Leaf Powder, Parameters, pH, Powder, Process, Pseudo First-Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Range, Reaction, Reaction Kinetics, Reactive Dyes, Reactor, Removal of Colour, Removing, Second Order, Solutions, Sorbent, Sorption, Temperature, Time, Tree, Waste-Water, Water

Alhakawati, M.S. and Banks, C.J. (2004), Removal of copper from aqueous solution by Ascophyllum nodosum immobilised in hydrophilic polyurethane foam. Journal of Environmental Management, 72 (4), 195-204.

Full Text: J\J Env Man72, 195.pdf

Abstract: The seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum was pre-treated by successive washes in distilled water and dilute acid, dried, and pulverised to produce particles of <150 m. These were immobilised during the manufacturing process of Hypol 2002 polymer to form a biomass/polymer matrix that was stable and easy to handle. In making the composite a mixing speed of 360 rpm for 20–30 s with 2% (w/w) addition of surfactant to pre-polymer was found to be ideal. The average pore sizes for different water polymer mixes (expressed as volume ratios) were 1.66 mm±0.98 (ratio 0.75: 1), 1.58 mm±0.76 (ratio 1: 1), 1.64 mm±0.6 (ratio 1.5: 1) and 1.11 mm±0.615 (ratio 2: 1).

The biomass/polymer was used alongside free native biomass in an initial adsorption experiment using a 0.0315 mmol dm⁻³ Cu(II) solution and gave a copper uptake capacity (q_max) of 0.037 mmol Cu g⁻¹ dry weight seaweed in both cases which represented approximately 85% of total initially available copper. In later adsorption isotherm experiments using Cu concentrations between 0.0315 and 0.944 mmol dm⁻³ at pH 5.0 and immobilized biomass over five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles the biomass/polymer showed an initial lowering of adsorption capacity but stabilised at 0.23 mmol g⁻¹ dry weight by the third re-use. The q_max of the immobilised biomass decreased from 0.55 and 0.416 mmol of Cu g⁻¹ dry weight when pH was lowered from 4.0 to 3.0, and increased from 0.576 mmol g⁻¹ dry weight (biomass) at 283 K to 0.636 mmol g⁻¹ (biomass) at 303 K.

Keywords: Biosorption, Seaweed, Copper, Polyurethane, Immobilisation

Namasivayam, C. and Sumithra, S. (2005), Removal of direct red 12B and methylene blue from water by adsorption onto Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide, an industrial solid waste. Journal of Environmental Management, 74 (3), 207-215.

Full Text: J\J Env Man74, 207.pdf

Abstract: Removal of direct red 12B and methylene blue by adsorption onto Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide was studied using various parameters such as agitation time, dye concentration, adsorbent dose and pH. Equilibrium adsorption data followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption followed second-order rate kinetics. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Q_o) was found to be 5.0 and 22.8 mg dye per g of the adsorbent for direct red 12B and methylene blue, respectively. Acidic pH was favorable for the adsorption of direct red 12B and basic pH for methylene blue. Desorption studies showed that chemisorption seems to be the major mode of adsorption.

Keywords: Direct Red 12B, Methylene Blue, Fe(III)/Cr(III) Hydroxide, Isotherms, pH Effect, Desorption Studies

? Purkait, M.K., Das Gupta, S. and De, S. (2005), Adsorption of eosin dye on activated carbon and its surfactant based desorption. Journal of Environmental Management, 76 (2), 135-142.

Full Text: J\J Env Man76, 135.pdf

Abstract: The performance of activated carbon has been investigated for the adsorption of eosin dye dissolved in water. Eosin is anionic in nature and highly toxic. The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature on adsorption of eosin by a fixed amount of activated carbon (1.0 g/L) have been studied in batch and column mode. The equilibrium data are successfully fitted to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The adsorption rate data are successfully explained by a pseudo second-order kinetic model. Breakthrough curves for column adsorption have also been studied. The regeneration of spent carbon by desorbing the dye has been experimentally investigated applying a surfactant enhanced carbon regeneration (SECR) technique using both cationic and anionic surfactants. An empirical kinetic model for dye desorption from the commercial activated carbon (CAC) using different surfactant and desorption techniques, viz. change in pH, has been proposed. The comparison between the model and the experimental results is found to be satisfactory.

Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Desorption, Dye, Eosin Dye, Equilibrium, Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration, Oxidation, Removal, Surfactant, Waste-Water

? Bulut, Y. and Baysal, Z. (2006), Removal of Pb(II) from wastewater using wheat bran. Journal of Environmental Management, 78 (2), 107-113.

Full Text: 2006\J Env Man78, 107.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions on wheat bran (WB) has been investigated as a function of initial concentration, adsorbent dose, adsorbent particle size, agitation speed, temperature, contact time and pH of solution. The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum sorption capacities of 69.0, 80.7 and 87.0 mg g⁻¹ of Pb(II) on wheat bran at 20, 40 and 60 °C, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters, i.e. ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰ and ΔS⁰ have also been calculated for the system and the sorption process was found to be endothermic. Good correlation coefficients were obtained for the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The metal ion could be stripped by addition of 0.5 M HCl, making the adsorbent regeneration and its reutilization possible.

Keywords: Wheat Bran, Adsorbtion, Pb(II), Removal, Wastewater

? Marungrueng, K. and Pavasant, P. (2006), Removal of basic dye (Astrazon Blue FGRL) using macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera. Journal of Environmental Management, 78 (3), 268-274.

Full Text: 2006\J Env Man78, 268.pdf

Abstract: The macroalga Caulerpa lentillifera was found to have adsorption capacity for a basic dye, Astrazon Blue FGRL. For the whole range of concentrations employed in this work (20–1280 mg l⁻¹), the adsorption reached equilibrium within the first hour. The kinetic data corresponded well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model where the rate constants decreased as initial dye concentrations increased. At low dye concentrations (20–80 mg l⁻¹), an increase in the adsorbent dosage resulted in a higher removal percentage of the dye, but a lower amount of dye adsorbed per unit mass (q). The adsorption isotherm followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich models within the temperature range employed in this work (18–70 °C). The highest maximum adsorption capacity (q_m) was obtained at 50 °C. The enthalpy of adsorption was estimated at 14.87 kJ mol⁻¹ suggesting a chemical adsorption mechanism.

Keywords: Textile Dye, Adsorption, Decolorization, Green Algae, Isotherms, Kinetics, Enthalpy of Adsorption

? Jha, V.K., Kameshima, Y., Nakajima, A., Okada, K. and MacKenzie, K.J.D. (2006), Effect of grinding and heating on Ni²⁺ uptake properties of waste paper sludge. Journal of Environmental Management, 80 (4), 363-371.

Full Text: 2006\J Env Man80, 363.pdf

Abstract: Uptake properties of Ni²⁺ were examined for unmilled and milled paper sludge calcined at various temperatures to develop a new usage of waste paper sludge. Since paper sludge mainly consists of cellulose ([C₆H₁₀O₅]_n) fibers, calcite (CaCO₃) kaolinite (Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄) and talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂), amorphous and crystalline CaO(MgO)-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ compounds are formed by calcining paper sludge. Wet and dry milling treatments were performed to accelerate solid-state reaction to form the above mentioned target compounds. The crystalline phases originally present decompose at increasing calcining temperature (up to 800°C) in the order cellulose < kaolinite < calcite < talc. An amorphous phase was formed in the samples below 800°C and the temperatures changed depending on the milling conditions in the order dry milled < wet milled < unmilled. Gehlenite (Ca₂Al₂SiO₇) and anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈) crystallized by calcining at 900°C in all the samples, formed by solid-state reaction of kaolinite with calcite. The Si-29 and Al-27 MAS NMR spectra of the amorphous samples were similar to those of crystalline phases, suggesting that the local structure of the amorphous phase resembles the crystalline structures. Maximum Ni²⁺ uptake occurred in the dry-milled samples calcined at 600°C, and wet-milled and unmilled samples calcined at 700°C, respectively. The dry-milled and calcined at 600°C sample showed the highest Ni²⁺ uptake (4.54 mmol/g) and an uptake rate of 3.5 mol/(g min). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Waste Paper Sludge, Mechanochemical Treatment, Ni²⁺ Uptake, Amorphous CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, Solid-State Reaction, Selective Leaching Method, Mesoporous Gamma-Alumina, Aqueous-Solution, Sewage-Sludge, Kaolinite, Removal, Adsorption, Metals, Nickel

? Özacar, M. and Şengil, İ.A. (2006), A two stage batch adsorber design for Methylene blue removal to minimize contact time. Journal of Environmental Management, 80 (4), 372-379.

Full Text: 2006\J Env Man80, 372.pdf

Abstract: The adsorption of methylene blue onto bentonite in a batch adsorber has been studied. Three kinetic models, the intraparticle diffusion equation and the pseudo first and second order equations, were selected to follow the adsorption process. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium adsorption capacities and related correlation coefficients for each kinetic model were calculated and discussed. It was shown that the adsorption of methylene blue onto bentonite could be described by the pseudo second order equation. Adsorption of methylene blue onto bentonite followed the Langmuir isotherm. A model has been developed for the design of a two stage batch adsorber based on pseudo second order adsorption kinetics. The model has been optimized with respect to operating time in order to minimize total contact time to achieve a specified amount of methylene blue removal using a fixed mass of adsorbent. The results of two stage batch adsorber design studies showed that the required times for specified amounts of methylene blue removal significantly decreased. This design is particularly suitable for low-cost adsorbents/adsorption systems when minimising contact time is a major operational and design criterion and a significant volume of effluent needs to be treated in the minimum amount of time.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Characteristics, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherm, Aqueous-Solutions, Basic-Dyes, Bentonite, Calcined Alunite, Contact Time Optimization, Disperse Dyes, Isotherm, Kinetic Model, Kinetics, Methylene Blue, Model, Na⁺-Montmorillonite, Organic Contaminants, Pine Sawdust, Pseudo-Second-Order, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Second-Order, Sorption, Two Stage Batch Adsorber

? Rao, G.P.C., Satyaveni, S., Ramesh, A., Seshaiah, K., Murthy, K.S.N. and Choudary, N.V. (2006), Sorption of cadmium and zinc from aqueous solutions by zeolite 4A, zeolite 13X and bentonite. Journal of Environmental Management,