Title: Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology

Title: Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology

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? Wille, J.J., Kydonieus, A.F. and Kalish, R.S. (1998), Inhibition of irritation and contact hypersensitivity by ethacrynic acid. Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, 11 (4-5), 279-288.

Full Text: Ski Pha App Ski Phy11, 279

Abstract: The immunosuppressive effect of topical ethacrynic acid (ECA) was tested on both the induction and elicitation phases of contact sensitization in a mouse model, ECA (0.5% in vehicle) reduced the sensitization response by >50% when the sensitizer was either dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), oxazalone (OX) or para-phenylenediamine (PPD), and was applied 1 day later to the ECA-pretreated skin site, The immunosuppressive effect of combining ECA with either hydrocortisone or with cis-urocanic acid was also tested. An additive suppressive effect was observed with ECA in both combinations. The effect of ECA (1% in vehicle) on blocking the elicitation phase was also examined in a mouse ear edema assay. ECA was highly effective in preventing the challenge response in mice previously sensitized to either DNCB, OX or PPD, ECA (1% in vehicle) was also tested for its ability to inhibit contact irritation, ECA (1% in vehicle) was highly effective in preventing ear edema due to topically applied skin irritants including arachidonic acid, capsaicin, lactic acid, phorbol myristate acetate, trans-retinoic acid, and sodium lauryl sulfate, ECA may be useful for both prophylaxis and therapeutic treatment of diverse skin conditions including contact dermatitis, eczema, and other related allergic skin disorders.

Keywords: Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Ethacrynic Acid, Skin Irritation, Skin Sensitization, Necrosis-Factor-Alpha, Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, Topically Applied Drugs, Urocanic Acid, Langerhans Cells, Human Skin, Induction, Sensitization, Antigen, Keratinocytes

? Wille, J.J., Kydonieus, A. and Kalish, R.S. (2000), Inhibition of irritation and contact hypersensitivity by phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester in mice. Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, 13 (2), 65-74.

Full Text: Ski Pha App Ski Phy13, 65

Abstract: New anti-irritant treatments are required to prevent irritation and sensitization reactions to consumer medicines and dermatological drugs. We report here that phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester (PAME) is an effective agent to prevent and treat irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Balb/c mice skin-treated with 1% FAME do not lose weight relative to vehicle-treated mice, nor is it irritating to mouse skin. Topical FAME prevents skin irritation to a wide variety of irritants including: arachidonic acid, capsaicin, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), disodium laureth sulfosuccinate and tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Histological studies showed that 1% FAME greatly diminished dermal neutrophilic infiltration and dermal capillary vessel dilation, and prevented epidermal hyperproliferation and hyperkeratosis that accompanies detergent (SLS)-induced skin irritation. Topical FAME inhibited ear swelling following ear challenge during the elicitation phase of contact hypersensitivity in mice sensitized with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), oxazolone and the hair coloring dye rho-phenylenediamine (PPD). Finally, topical administration of 1% FAME prior to PPD or DNCB sensitization prevented the induction phase of contact hypersensitivity. These results indicate that FAME represents a potential new category of potent topical anti-inflammatory agents. Copyright (C) 2000 S.Karger AG, Basel.

Keywords: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Contact Irritant and Allergic Dermatitis, Ethacrynic Acid, Diuretic Drugs, Phenoxyacetic Acid Esters, Sensitization, Sensitization, Amiloride

Title: Skull Base-An Interdisciplinary Approach

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? Figueiredo, E.G., Soga, Y., Amorim, R.L.O., Oliveira, A.M.P. and Teixeira, M.J. (2011), The puzzling olfactory groove schwannoma: A systematic review. Skull Base-An Interdisciplinary Approach, 21 (1), 31-35.

Abstract: We systematically reviewed the literature concerning the anterior cranial fossa schwannomas to understand their pathogenesis, determine their origin, and standardize the terminology. We performed a MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded search of the literature, age, gender, clinical presentation, presence or absence of hyposmia, radiological features, and apparent origin were analyzed and tabulated. Cases in a context of neurofibromatosis and nasal schwannomas with intracranial extension were not included. Age varied between 14 and 63 years (mean = 30.9). There were 22 male and 11 female patients. The clinical presentation included seizures (n = 15), headache (n = 16), visual deficits (n = 7), cognitive disturbances (n = 3), and rhinorrhea (n = 1). Hyposmia was present in 14 cases, absent in 13 cases (39.3%), and unreported in five. Homogeneous and heterogeneous contrast enhancement was observed in 14 and 15 cases, respectively. The region of the olfactory groove was the probable site in 96.5%. Olfactory tract could be identified in 39.3%. The most probable origin is the meningeal branches of trigeminal nerve or anterior ethmoidal nerves. Thus, olfactory groove schwannoma would better describe its origin and pathogenesis and should be the term preferentially used to name it.

Keywords: Age, Anterior Cranial Fossa, Clinical, Context, Disturbances, Enigmatic Origin, Female, Gender, Hyposmia, Intracranial Subfrontal Schwannoma, Literature, Male, Medline, Nerves, Olfactory Groove, Olfactory Nerve, Origin, Pathogenesis, Patients, Presentation, Schwannomas, Science Citation Index, Seizures, Site, Subfrontal Tumors, Term, Terminology, Tumor