Personal Research Database

Title: Soft Matter

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? Nieto, M., Nardecchia, S., Peinado, C., Catalina, F., Abrusci, C., Gutiérrez, M.C., Ferrer, M.L. and del Monte, F. (2010), Enzyme-induced graft polymerization for preparation of hydrogels: Synergetic effect of laccase-immobilized-cryogels for pollutants adsorption. Soft Matter, 6 (15), 3533-3540.

Full Text: 2010\Sof Mat6, 3533.pdf

Abstract: The use of polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide block-copolymers as a mediator in the laccase-induced graft polymerization of diacrylic derivate of polyethylene glycols resulted in the formation of PEG-g-F68 hydrogels. The proper oxygen content in the reaction medium to obtain reasonable polymerization conversions (i.e., on one hand, laccase needs oxygen as substrate whereas, on the other, oxygen is a strong inhibitor of radical polymerizations) was achieved by the use of an enzymatic scavenging system consisting of glucose oxidase and glucose. Eventually, laccase was immobilized within the resulting PEG-g-F68 hydrogel with full preservation of enzyme activity. Laccases have been used for bioremediation purposes because of their ability to degrade phenolic compounds. Thus, laccase-immobilized PEG-g-F68 hydrogels were submitted to the ISISA (ice segregation induced self-assembly) process for preparation of laccase-immobilized PEG-g-F68 cryogels which exhibited a macroporous structure where immobilized laccase preserved almost total activity (ca. 90%) for a period exceeding three months after preparation. Synergy between macroporous structure (deriving from the ISISA process), amphiphilic domains (deriving from graft copolymer) and activity of the immobilized enzyme provided outstanding adsorption capabilities to the cryogels (up to 235 mg g^-1).

Keywords: Adsorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Bioremediation, Block Copolymers, Blue-R Decolorization, Carbon, Chemical Cross-Linking, Copolymer, Glucose, Graft, Graft Polymerization, Hydrogel, Hydrogels, Ice, Immobilized, Induced, Inhibitor, Macroporous, Microhoneycombs, Nanoparticles, Needs, Oxide, Oxygen, Pollutants, Poly(Acrylic Acid), Polyethylene, Polymerization, Preparation, Preservation, Radical Polymerization, Scaffolds, Self-Assembly, Structure, Systems

? Reynaud, F., Tsapis, N., Deyme, M., Vasconcelos, T.G., Gueutin, C., Guterres, S.S., Pohlmann, A.R. and Fattal, E. (2011), Spray-dried chitosan-metal microparticles for ciprofloxacin adsorption: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. Soft Matter, 7 (16), 7304-7312.

Full Text: 2011\Sof Mat7, 7304.pdf

Abstract: Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide obtained from chitin deacetylation, complexes with metal ions by coordination with the free electron pairs of amine groups. Based on this complexation mechanism, cross-linked chitosan-metal microparticles were prepared by spray drying using iron (II or III) or zinc ions and characterized in terms of size distribution and capacity to specifically adsorb ciprofloxacin. Chitosan-Zn(II) and chitosan-Fe(III) microparticles appear to adsorb more ciprofloxacin than plain chitosan or chitosan-Fe(II) microparticles. Adsorption isotherms for CH and CH-Fe(II) microparticles can be fitted by a single logarithm model (slope 1) with one ciprofloxacin per adsorption site, whereas for CH-Fe(II) and CH-Zn(II) microparticles, isotherms are bilogarithmic with an initial slope of 2, suggesting that a single adsorption site can bind two molecules of ciprofloxacin. In addition, the pseudo second order kinetic model fits well experimental data, proving that adsorption is mediated by a chemical reaction. CH-Fe(II) and CH-Zn(II) appear very promising for drug elimination, either from hospital waste water or from the gastrointestinal tract to prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance.

Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Antibiotics, Aquatic Environment, Chitosan, Complexation, Complexes, Cross-Linking, Environmental Risk-Assessment, Equilibrium, Hospital Effluent, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Mechanism, Microspheres, Pharmaceuticals, Removal, Waste, Waste-Water, Waste-Water Bacteria, Water, Zinc

Title: Software Testing Verification & Reliability

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? Hayes, J.H. and Offutt, J. (2010), Recognizing authors: An examination of the consistent programmer hypothesis. Software Testing Verification & Reliability, 20 (4), 329-356.

Abstract: Software developers have individual styles of programming. This paper empirically examines the validity of the consistent programmer hypothesis: that a facet or set of facets exist that can be used to recognize the author of a given program based on programming style. The paper further postulates that the programming style means that different test strategies work better for some programmers (or programming styles) than for others. For example, all-edges adequate tests may detect faults for programs written by Programmer A better than for those written by Programmer B. This has several useful applications: to help detect plagiarism/copyright violation of source code, to help improve the practical application of software testing, and to help pursue specific rogue programmers of malicious code and source code viruses. This paper investigates this concept by experimentally examining whether particular facets of the program can be used to identify programmers and whether testing strategies can be reasonably associated with specific programmers. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Keywords: Author Identification, Authors, Metrics, Plagiarism Detection, Software Testing, Source Code, Source Code Metrics, Static Analysis, Testability