Personal Research Database

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics49, 389.pdf

Abstract: The aim of this article is to demonstrate on the scientific field “economics” the search for fundamental articles. Co-word analysis and co-citation analysis enable to visualize the structure of a scientific field on the maps of science. Then we can find the fundamental themes on the maps. After finding the articles belonging to these fundamental themes we can discuss the fundamentality of the formers, too.

Keywords: Articles, Co-Citation, Co-Citation Analysis, Cocitation Analysis, Economics, Journals, Science

? Ortiz-Rivera, L.A., Sanz-Casado, E. and Suarez-Balseiro, C.A. (2000), Scientific production in Puerto Rico in science and technology during the period 1990 to 1998. Scientometrics, 49 (3), 403-418.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics49, 403.pdf

Abstract: This paper analyses the research activity conducted by Puerto Rican scientists in science and technology in the period 1990 to 1998. The Science Citation Index (SCI) database was used to analyse scientific production by geographic area, type of institution, document typology, language coverage, visibility of publications, subjects addressed and collaboration between local and international authors and institutions. Scientific production was observed to nearly double over the period studied and found to be concentrated in the academic sector, primarily in the city of San Juan, specifically in the University of Puerto Rico’s Rio Piedras, Medical Sciences and Mayaguez campuses. Puerto Rican scientific production in the period studied was greater than in any other Caribbean country and the sixth largest in all of Latin America. Papers are mainly published in highly visible journals and scientific articles are the vehicle most commonly used to reach the scientific community. Go-operation indices between authors and institutions are high and the principal areas in which research is published are Medicine, Chemistry, Life Sciences and Physics.

Keywords: Academic Sector, Articles, Authorship, Bibliometric Analysis, Chemistry, Citation, Collaboration, Cooperation, Coverage, Database, Indicators, Journals, Latin America, Latin-America, Local, Physics, Publications, Puerto Rico, Quality, Research, Research Activity, Research Collaboration, SCI, Science, Science And Technology, Science Citation Index, Scientific Production, Technology, University, Visibility

? Dietz, J.S., Chompalov, I., Bozeman, B., Lane, E.O. and Park, J. (2000), Using the curriculum vita to study the career paths of scientists and engineers: An exploratory assessment. Scientometrics, 49 (3), 419-442.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics49, 419.pdf

Abstract: In this paper we assess the utility of the curriculum vita (CV) as a data source for examining the career paths of scientists and engineers. CVs were obtained in response to an email message sent to researchers working in the areas of biotechnology and microelectronics. In addition, a number of CVs were obtained “passively” from a search of the Internet. We discuss the methodological issues and problems of this data collection strategy and the results from an exploratory analysis using OLS regression and event history analysis. In sum, despite difficulties with coding and variation in CV formats, this collection strategy seems to us to hold much promise.

Keywords: Academic Careers, Agency, Agreement, Assessment, Biotechnology, Cycle Research Productivity, Data Collection, Faculty, History, Internet, Life-Cycle, Model, Rank, Regression, Researchers, Science, Sex-Differences

Abt, H.A. (2000), The reference-frequency relation in the physical sciences. Scientometrics, 49 (3), 443-451.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics49, 443.pdf

Abstract: We counted references in about 200 research papers in each of 16 journals in six physical sciences. They show that for average papers, the number of references is a linear function of the paper length. In fact, it is the same function for journals in different sciences. The fact that various physical sciences all give the same reference frequencies for papers of the same length and impact factor tells us that citation counts in those sciences can be intercompared. There is a dependence upon impact factor and a general relation is derived. In addition, the number of references increases by about 1.5% per year, probably due to the increase in the literature pertinent to any paper. The average paper lengths differ among the six sciences and three possible explanations for that difference are given.

? Prpić, K. (2000), The publication productivity of young scientists: An empirical study. Scientometrics, 49 (3), 453-490.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics49, 453.pdf

Abstract: This research was conducted on a sample of 840 respondents who represent half of the Croatian population of young scientists. There are three main features which define the publication productivity of young scientists. 1) Despite the worsened position of R & D, they publish more scientific papers than the young generations of scientists at the beginning of the nineties. 2) Differences between a highly-productive minority, which produces on average half of all scientific publications, and a low-productive majority is already apparent in young scientists. 3) The productivity of young scientists is formed according to productivity patterns typical of particular scientific fields and disciplines. With regard to the explanation of productivity, the following has been found. a) An expansion of the set of predictors resulted in an improvement in the explanation of the productivity of young scientists compared with previous surveys. b) Among the factors which contribute significantly to the explanation of the quantity of scientific publications, the most powerful predictor is attendance at conferences abroad, followed by scientific qualifications and some gatekeeping variables. c) Besides certain similarities, scientific fields also show a specific structure of determinants of young scientists’ productivity.

Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Community, Cum Laude Doctorates, Determinants, Features, Fields, Population, Position, Predictors, Productivity, Publication, Publications, Quantity, Questionnaire, Research, Research Performance, Rise, Science, Scientific Publications, Structure, Surveys

Tsay, M.Y., Jou, S.J. and Ma, S.S. (2000), A bibliometric study of semiconductor literature, 1978-1997. Scientometrics, 49 (3), 491-509.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics49, 491.pdf

Abstract: Semiconductor is the key element for information industry. The present study investigated the growth of semiconductor literature based on the database of INSPEC. Well-established bibliometric techniques, such as Bradford-Zipf’s plot and Lotka’s law have been employed to further explore the characteristics of semiconductor literature. Quantitative results on the literature growth, form of publication, research treatment, publishing country and language, author productivity and affiliate are reported. Moreover, from the Bradford-Zipf’s plot, 25 core journals in semiconductor were identified and analyzed.

? Ramani, S.V. and de Looze, M.A. (2000), A note on using patent statistics to obtain competition indicators. Scientometrics, 49 (3), 511-515.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics49, 511.pdf

Abstract: In a recent article a set of indicators have been proposed drawing upon patent statistics, which are meant to describe and compare firm and national research competence. However this article has raised more questions on the validity of such indicators as well as on their use. We have thus examined these issues so as to clarify the nature of the problems involved in the construction of competence and competitive indicators of firms and nations and their subsequent implementation on data bases.

Keywords: Competence, Competition, Implementation, Indicators, Recent, Research, Statistics, Validity

? Balaban, A.T. and Randic, M. (2000), Proposal for using an untapped source of citations characterizing scientific areas. Scientometrics, 49 (3), 517-521.

Full Text: 2000\Scientometrics49, 517.pdf

Abstract: Bibliographies of ‘reference books’, namely Encyclopedias, Comprehensive Treatises, and Advanced Textbooks constitute a valuable source of information about seminal papers in various branches of science. Examples are given mainly for chemistry, but other areas might be treated similarly. Bibliographies of ‘reference books’, namely Encyclopedias, Comprehensive Treatises, and Advanced Textbooks constitute a valuable source of information about seminal papers in various branches of science. Examples are given mainly for chemistry, but other areas might be treated similarly.

Keywords: Citations, Information, Science, Source

Turner, W.A., Gherbi, R., Jacquemin, C. and Leger, M.D. (2001), Infometric methods and measures for sharing knowledge over Internet. Scientometrics, 50 (1), 33-57.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics50, 33.pdf

Abstract: This paper deals with knowledge sharing over Internet. After defining the concept, we will discuss work aimed at creating a technical system to implement it and at measuring the quality of results obtained. However, the reader will quickly see that the text is organized to address the theme of this special issue of Scientometrics. Models, methods and measures characterize scientometric research. What problems arise in attempting to develop them for internet? In order to answer this question, it is important to distinguish between two schools of practice in the scientometric research field: the first derives from applied statistics and is called bibliometrics, the second derives from cognitive sociology and is called infometrics (Turner, 1994).

? van Raan, A.F.J. (2001), Bibliometrics and Internet: Some observations and expectations. Scientometrics, 50 (1), 59-63.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 59.pdf

Abstract: Electronic publishing developments and new information technology in general will affect the main functions of scientific communication. Most changes however will be primarily technological hut not conceptual. Publication via journals of high reputation is in most fields of science crucial to receive professional recognition. That will remain so in the ‘electronic era’. A much more revolutionary change in science will be the increasing availability and sharing of research data.

Keywords: ERA, Journals, Publishing, Research, Scientists

? Noyons, E. (2001), Bibliometric mapping of science in a science policy context. Scientometrics, 50 (1), 83-98.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 83.pdf

Abstract: Despite the promising introduction of bibliometric maps of science in a science policy context in the nineteen seventies, they have not been very successful yet. It seems, however, that only now they are becoming acknowledged as a useful tool. This is mainly due to the developments and integration of hypertext and graphical interfaces. Because of this, the strength of such navigation tools becomes obvious. The communication through the Internet enables the field expert (as a kind of peer review) as well as the user (from a science policy context) to contribute to the quality of the map and the interface. Moreover, the interface can provide suggestions to answer policy-related question, which is the initial purpose of such maps.

Keywords: Bibliometric, Citation Analysis, Co-Word Analysis, Map, Scientific Literatures

Schubert, A. (2001), Scientometrics: A citation based bibliography 1997-2000. Scientometrics, 50 (1), 99-198.

Full Text: S\Scientometrics50, 99.pdf

Glänzel, W. and Schubert, A. (2001), Double effort = Double impact? A critical view at international co-authorship in chemistry. Scientometrics, 50 (2), 199-214.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 199.pdf

Abstract: An attempt is made to find statistical evidences of the relation between international co-authorship and citation impact. It was found that international co-authorship, in average, results inpublications with higher citation rates than purely domestic papers. No correlation has beenfound, however, between the strength of co-authorship links and the relative citation eminence ofthe resulting publications. International co-authorship links in chemistry, as represented by thewell-known Salton’s measure, displayed a characteristic pattern reflecting geopolitical, historical, linguistic, etc. relations among countries. A new indicator, representing also the asymmetry ofco-authorship links was used to reveal main ‘attractive’ and ‘repulsive’ centres of co-operation.

? Vilanova, M.R. and Leydesdorff, L. (2001), Why Catalonia cannot be considered as a regional innovation system. Scientometrics, 50 (2), 215-240.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 215.pdf

Abstract: We present a model to assess the systemness of an innovation system. Patent and citation data with an institutional address in Catalonia (1986-1996) were analyzed in terms of relational linkages and the development in these distributions over time was evaluated using methods from systems dynamics. Relational linkages are extremely scarce. A transition at the system’s level could be indicated around 1990 when using institutional addresses, but not when using cognitive categories. The institutional restructuring has led to changes in the pattern of linkages (coauthorship. etc.), but the reproduction of the system’s knowledge base has remained differentiated. We conclude that although a system in several other respects, Catalonia cannot (yet) be considered as a (knowledge-based) innovation system. The existence of a mechanism for the integration could not be indicated at the regional level.

Keywords: Citation, European-Union, Industry-Government Relations, Integration, Mechanism, Patent Statistics, Science, System, Technology, Triple-Helix

? Leta, J., Jacques, R., Figueira, I. and de Meis, L. (2001), Central international visibility of Brazilian psychiatric publications from 1981 to 1999. Scientometrics, 50 (2), 241-254.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 241.pdf

Abstract: In this study, we examine the scientific output of Brazilian psychiatry, based on the database of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). publications in the 10 most important psychiatric journals, and publications in major Brazilian journals, The number of Brazilian publications (i.e., those carrying at least one Brazilian address) in psychiatry in the ISI database increased by 168% during the If-year period under study (1981-1995). Despite this growth, the relative contribution of publications in psychiatry to the country’s publications in medical sciences did not change over the 15-year period. This fraction, around 2%, remained at less than one-third of the average contribution of psychiatry journals to publications in medicine worldwide. The impact inferred from number of citations (1981-1992) shows that Brazilian articles in psychiatry were cited less than the world average in this field. In the 10 psychiatry journals with the highest impact. Brazilian authors published only 48 articles in the 1981-1995 period, representing only 0.2% of the articles in those journals. Like their American and British counterparts. Brazilian psychiatrists also published primarily in domestic journals: 87.1% of the publications by Brazilians appeared in the two major Brazilian psychiatric journals, compared with only 12.9% in foreign journals. Among publications in psychiatry in the ISI database, the number of articles co-authored by Brazilians with scientists from other countries increased 12.3 fold from 1981-1985 to 1991-1995. representing at the end 50% of all publications by Brazilian psychiatrists in international journals. Despite all cuts in funding for Brazilian science during the last decades, all of the articles in our sample originated in public universities, and only 10 universities were responsible for similar to 70% of the publications by Brazilian psychiatrists in our survey period. We conclude that Brazilian psychiatric research is a subject worthy of particular concern. especially if we take into account the country’s modest scientific performance and the socio-economic consequences of mental disorders in the Brazilian population.

Keywords: Articles, Citations, Contribution, Database, Impact, Impact Factors, ISI, ISI Database, Journals, Medical, Medicine, Mental Disorders, Profile, Psychiatry, Publications, Research, Science, Scientific Output, Scientific Performance, Universities, Visibility

? Andersen, H. (2001), The norm of universalism in sciences. Social origin and gender of researchers in Denmark. Scientometrics, 50 (2), 255-272.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 255.pdf

Abstract: Implied by the norm of universalism in modern science, known from Merton’s CUDOS-norm set, is the demand that scientific careers should be open to talents, independent of personal attributes such as race, religion, class, and gender. In spite of a large amount of studies related to CUDOS-norms very few deals with class origin of researchers. Based on a survey among a sample of 788 Danish researchers this article investigates class bias, compared to I:ender bias in researcher recruitment and careers, and researcher assessments of impartiality and objectivity of evaluations and reward system. The data demonstrate very strong class bias, and also confirm the well-known gender bias in recruitment, class bias being the strongest. This is shown to be mainly because of bias in the educational system, however. Concerning later career attainment bias is also found, but much weaker, and most pronounced concerning social origin. Regarding researcher assessments of impartiality there are no indications of strong mistrust among researchers in general, nor are there significant differences in degree of trust in reward system, conditioned by class origin or gender. In conclusion, the analysis does not lend strong support to an assumption of deviance from norms of universalism.

Keywords: Researchers, Science, System

Yong, F. and Rousseau, R. (2001), Lattices in citation networks: An investigation into the structure of citation graphs. Scientometrics, 50 (2), 273-287.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 273.pdf

Abstract: The main purposes of this article are to uncover interesting features in real-world citationnetworks, and to highlight important substructures. In particular, it applies lattice theory tocitation analysis. On the applied side, it shows that lattice substructures exist in real-word citationnetworks. It is further shown that, through its relations with co-citations and bibliographiccoupling, the diamond (a four-element lattice) is a basic structural element in citation analysis. Finally, citation compactness is calculated for the four- and five element lattices.

Salzarulo, L and Von Ins, M. (2001), Bias, structure and quality in citation indexing. Scientometrics, 50 (2), 289-299.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 289.pdf

Abstract: The small size of institutes and publication clusters is a problem when determining citationindices. To improve the citation indexing of small sets of publications (less than 50 or 100 publications), a method is proposed. In addition, a method for error calculation is given for largesets of publications. Here, the classical methods of citation indexing remain valid.

Schoepflin, U. and Glänzel, W. (2001), Two decades of ‘scientometrics’: An interdisciplinary field represented by its leading journal. Scientometrics, 50 (2), 301-312.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 301.pdf

Abstract: The development of the field of bibliometric and scientometric research is analysed by quantitative methods to answer the following questions: (1) Is bibliometrics evolving from a soft science field towards rather hard (social) sciences (Schubert- Maczelka hypothesis)? (2) Can bibliometrics be characterised as a social science field with stable characteristics (Wouters- Leydesdorff hypothesis)? (3) Is bibliometrics a heterogeneous field. the sub-disciplines of which have their own characteristics? Are these sub-disciplines more and more consolidating, and are predominant sub-disciplines impressing their own characteristics upon the whole field (Glänzel - Schoepflin hypothesis)? The Price Index per paper, the percentage of references to serials, the mean references age, and the mean reference rate are calculated based on all articles and their respective references in Scientometrics in 1980, 1989, and 1997. The articles are classified in six categories. The findings suggest, that the field is in fact heterogeneous, and each sub-discipline has its own characteristics. While the contribution of these sub- disciplines in Scientometrics was still well-balanced in 1980, papers dealing with case studies and methodology became dominant by 1997.

Keywords: Sciences

? Rai, L.P., Kumar, N. and Madan, S. (2001), Structural changes in S&T research in India. Scientometrics, 50 (2), 313-321.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 313.pdf

Abstract: Before India became an independent country, its scientists and policy maker!, could foresee the importance of science in its development, and accordingly a number of research and development (R&D) institutions were established. However during these five decades of independence, the choice between basic sciences and technology was always a subject of debate. It will be appropriate now to examine the changing patter ns of Science and Technology (S&T) manpower growth to find out the ground truth reality. The present study pertains to the analysis of S&T outturn data in various fields of scientific research that can provide a base for SET planning and policy making. These S&T indicators will be helpful in estimating future requirements, which in turn can be useful to a great extent in science and technology policy formulation. These estimates and future projections are based on mathematical modelling of the data pertaining to the outturn of highly qualified Scientific and Technical (S&T) personnel in India from different faculties over the period 1990-1998. From the trend analysis it is evident that research is no more perceived as an interesting career except in the field of engineering and medicine. The findings further suggest that there is a noticeable shift from basic sciences to technology.

Keywords: Mathematical Modelling, Medicine, Modelling, R&D, Research, Research And Development, Science, Science And Technology, Technology

Huber, J.C. and Wagner-Döbler, R. (2001), Scientific production: A statistical analysis of authors in mathematical logic. Scientometrics, 50 (2), 323-337.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 323.pdf

Abstract: We show that scientific production can be described by two variables: rate of production (rate of publications) and career duration. For mathematical logicians, we show that the time pattern of production is random and Poisson distributed, contrary to the theory of cumulative advantage. We show that the exponential distribution provides excellent goodness-of-fit to rate of production and a reasonable fit to career duration. The good fits to these distributions can be explained naturally from the statistics of exceedances. Thus, more powerful statistical tests and a better theoretical foundation is obtained for rate of production and career duration than has been the case for Lotka’s Law.

Persson, O. (2001), All author citations versus first author citations. Scientometrics, 50 (2), 339-344.

Full Text: 2001\Scientometrics50, 339.pdf

Abstract: Based on a set of information science papers this study demonstrates that ‘all author’ citationcounts should be preferred when visualizing the structure of research fields. ‘First author’ citationstudies distort the picture in terms of most influential researchers, while the subfield structuretends to be just about the same for both methods.

? Burrell, Q.L. (2001), Some remarks on a paper by Egghe. Scientometrics,