Title: 2007 USDA-CSREES National Water Conference

Title: Vaccine

ISO Abbreviated Title: Vaccine

JCR Abbreviated Title: Vaccine

ISSN: 0264-410X

Issues/Year: 20

Journal Country/Territory: England

Language: English

Publisher: Elsevier Sci Ltd

Publisher Address: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, Oxon, England

Subject Categories:

Immunology Medicine, Research & Experimental Veterinary Sciences: Impact Factor

Barzaga, B.N. (2000), Hepatitis A shifting epidemiology in South-East Asia and China. Vaccine, 18 (1), S61-S64.

Full Text: 2000\Vaccine18, S61.pdf

Abstract: A review of the epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection over the last 20 years shows shifting patterns in the prevalence of antibodies to HAV (anti-HAV) throughout South-East Asia and China. A number of countries have shifted from high to moderate and from moderate to low endemicity, with a corresponding increase in the age of exposure from childhood to early adulthood. The changes have resulted from improvements in hygiene, sanitation and the quality of drinking water, reflecting improvements in living standards and socioeconomic progress. In general in the late 1970s and early 1980s, 85-95% of the population of developing countries like the Philippines, Korea, China and Thailand were anti-HAV-positive by age 10-15 years, compared with only about 50% in the more affluent countries like Malaysia and Singapore. In the early 1990s, 85-95% of the population were immune by age 30-40 years in the Philippines, Korea, China and Thailand, and by 50 years of age and above in Malaysia and Singapore. Similar trends were noted in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Japan. Exposure to HAV at a later age may be associated with an increase in hepatitis A morbidity and a greater propensity for outbreaks.

? Bish, A., Yardley, L., Nicoll, A. and Michie, S. (2011), Factors associated with uptake of vaccination against pandemic influenza: A systematic review. Vaccine, 29 (38), 6472-6484.

Full Text: 2011\Vaccine29, 6472.pdf

Abstract: Background: In June 2009 a global influenza pandemic was declared by the World Health Organisation. A vaccination programme against H1N1 influenza was introduced in many countries from September 2009, but there was low uptake in both the general population and health professionals in many, though not all, countries. Purpose: To examine the psychological and demographic factors associated with uptake of vaccination during the 2009 pandemic. Method: A systematic literature review searching Web of Science and PubMed databases up to 24 January 2011. Results: 37 articles met the study inclusion criteria. Using the framework of Protection Motivation Theory the review found that both the degree of threat experienced in the 2009 pandemic influenza outbreak and perceptions of vaccination as an effective coping strategy were associated with stronger intentions and higher uptake of vaccination. Appraisal of threat resulted from both believing oneself to be at risk from developing H1N1 influenza and concern and worry about the disease. Appraisal of coping resulted from concerns about the safety of the vaccine and its side effects. There was evidence of an influence of social pressure in that people who thought that others wanted them to be vaccinated were more likely to do so and people getting their information about vaccination from official health sources being more likely to be vaccinated than those relying on unofficial sources. There was also a strong influence of past behaviour, with those having been vaccinated in the past against seasonal influenza being more likely to be vaccinated against pandemic influenza. Demographic factors associated with higher intentions and uptake of vaccination were: older age, male gender, being from an ethnic minority and, for health professionals, being a doctor. Discussion: Interventions designed to increase vaccination rates could be developed and implemented in advance of a pandemic. Strategies to improve uptake of vaccination include interventions which highlight the risk posed by pandemic influenza while simultaneously offering tactics to ameliorate this risk (e.g. vaccination). Perceived concerns about vaccination can be tackled by reducing the omission bias (a perception that harm caused by action is worse than harm caused by inaction). In addition, interventions to increase seasonal influenza vaccination in advance of a future pandemic may be an effective strategy. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: A, H1N1 Vaccination, Acceptance, At Risk, Attitudes, Bias, Campaigns, Children, Databases, Disease, Ethnic Minority, Factors, Fear Appeals, Gender, H1N1, H1n1 Influenza, Health, Health-Care Workers, Hong-Kong, Influenza, Influenza Vaccination, Information, Interventions, Literature, Literature Review, Male, Pandemic, Pandemic Influenza, Perception, Perceptions, Pressure, Psychological, Psychological Factors, Pubmed, Review, Risk, Safety, Science, Side Effects, Social, Strategy, Swine Flu, Systematic, Systematic Literature Review, Systematic Review, Theory, Uptake, Vaccination, Vaccination Rates, Vaccine, Web of Science

? Robbins, S.C.C., Ward, K. and Skinner, S.R. (2011), School-based vaccination: A systematic review of process evaluations. Vaccine, 29 (52), 9588-9599.

Full Text: 2011\Vaccine29, 9588.pdf

Abstract: Objective: School-based vaccination is becoming a more widely used method of vaccine delivery. However, evaluations of school-based vaccination program implementation have not been systematically reviewed. This paper describes the results of a systematic review of the literature on process (or implementation) evaluations of school-based vaccination delivery. Methods: Search terms: “school based vaccination” OR ((“schools” OR “school”) AND (“immunisation” OR “immunization” OR “vaccination”)). Limits: Humans; English language; Age: 6-18 (school-age children and adolescents); No editorials; No letters. Databases: PUBMED; Embase.com; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; Cinahl; Web of Science; PsycINFO. Inclusions: Articles must have originated from an advanced economic ‘developed’ country, be peer-reviewed, available in English, randomised or non-randomised controlled design, published from 1970 to August 2010 and focused on vaccinations provided in the school setting and during school time which reported one or more outcomes. Exclusions: qualitative or descriptive papers without any evaluation component; papers that only reported on impact evaluation (i.e. number of students vaccinated); and those published before 1970. Results: A total of 14 articles were identified as including some element of a process evaluation of a school-based vaccination program. Nurses, parents, teachers, and adolescents were involved in measures of procedural factors related to school-based vaccination implementation. Outcomes included return rates of consent forms; knowledge about the specific vaccine offered; attitudes toward vaccination and school-based vaccination; reasons for non-vaccination; resources, support, and procedures related to implementation; and environmental factors within the school that may impact vaccination success. Vaccination coverage was also reported in the majority of papers. Conclusions: Many studies reported on the importance of ensuring all stakeholders (school nurses, parents, teachers, and adolescents) receive appropriate information and are involved in the vaccination program and implementation processes. Specific consent form dissemination procedures have demonstrated higher return rates. Further controlled studies are needed to determine the best practice approach to implementing these programs is a variety of contexts. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Adolescents, Age, Articles, Attitudes, Australia, Children, Cochrane, Controlled Studies, Coverage, Database, Databases, Design, Dissemination, English, Environmental, Evaluation, Hepatitis-B Vaccination, Human-Papillomavirus Vaccination, Humans, Immunization Program, Impact, Implementation, Implementation, Information, Knowledge, Literature, Methods, Nurses, Outcomes, Papers, Parents, Practice, Process, Process Evaluation, Processes, Program Evaluation, Publication Bias, Qualitative, Recommendations, Review, School-Based Vaccination, Science, Students, Success, Systematic, Systematic Review, Vaccination, Vaccinations, Vaccine, Vaccine Delivery, Web of Science, Web-of-Science