Pestvidéki Ásványbánya Vállalat



Download 1.61 Mb.
Page45/50
Date20.10.2016
Size1.61 Mb.
#5110
1   ...   42   43   44   45   46   47   48   49   50

Szilágyi, Ákos (Budapest, 18 June 1950 - ) – Poet, esthetician, translator of literary works. He studied at the University of Budapest, majoring in Hungarian and Russian Literature and obtained a Degree in 1974. Thereafter, he was an assistant lecturer at the Department of 19th Century Hungarian Literature; from 1977, in the same capacity in the Department of Esthetics. In 1979, he was a foundation member of the Spare Copy (Fölöspéldány) creative group (with its collection in 1986); he appeared in its literary events and took part in its anthology. Between 1980 and 1984, he was Secretary of the Attila József Writers’ Association and, from 1990, a member of the Directorate of the Hungarian Institute of Russian Studies. He was Editor of the journal Presence (Jelenlét) (1970-1973); Bear’s Dance (Medvetánc) (1981-1984); Film World (Filmvilág) (1983-1986); and from 1988, was founding Editor of the periodical, New Ladies’ Messenger (Új Hölgyfutár), and its Editor from 1989 on. He translates literary works from Russian, including Gogol’s The Inspector (A revizor) (1985); and from 1990, he has been a board member of the Institute of Russistics, and he edits collections of historical studies. As a lyric poet, he is most at home in the field of the grotesque. Most of his poems can be used equally well as musical scores, rhythmic presentations, for humming, and also for acoustic treatment. His works include Creations (Teremtmények) poems (1981); Head and Consciousness (Fej és Tudat) poems (1990); Pleasure Garden (Gyönyörök kertje) poems (1991); Turkish Prayer Rug (Török imaszőnyeg), and Collected Poems 1968-2003. He received the Lajos Áprily Prize (1984, 1986), the Attila József Prize (1985), and the Glass Ball Prize (2000). – B: 1257, 1946, T: 7456.
Szilágyi, Dezső (Desider) (Nagyvárad, now Oradea, Romania, 1 April 1840 - Budapest, 30 July 1901) – Lawyer and politician. After he had studied Law in Budapest and in Vienna, he worked as an attorney; and then, from 1867, as a presidential secretary at the Ministry of Justice; from 1871 he was a member of the codifying committee of the Prime Minister’s Office. In 1870 he studied the judicial system and criminal procedure. From 1874 to 1889 he was Professor of Politics and Criminal Law at the University of Budapest. Already prior to his university position, he took part in politics. In 1871, he was a Member of Parliament in the Deák Party and, in 1875 in the Liberal Party. In 1877, because of the customs problem, he resigned from the Liberal Party and became one of the leading members of the United Opposition. However, in 1886 he left the opposition and in 1889 he again became a member of the Liberal Party. From 9 April 1889 to 15 January 1895, he was Minister of Justice in the Cabinets of Kálmán (Coloman) Tisza, Gyula (Julius) Szapáry and Sándor (Alexander) Wekerle; his codifying activity was his main ambition. He prepared the Code of Criminal Procedure, which became law under his successor; he started the codification of the Civil Law, and prepared the reform of the material criminal law. He succeeded in moving the bill of religious matters through the Parliament in face of bitter opposition from the Monarch and the clergy, showing the aspirations of civic liberal circles concerning matrimonial law, the religion of the child, and state registration of births etc. From 1895 to 1898 he was President of the Lower House of Parliament, and corresponding Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1897). His works include Political Notes, vols. i-iii (Politikai jegyzetek I-III) (1887-1889). A square in Budapest bears his name. – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7456.→Tisza, Kálmán; Wekerle, Sándor.
Szilágyi, Domokos (Diminic) (Nagysomkút, 2 July 1938 - Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 27 October 1976) – Hungarian poet, writer and translator of literary works in Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania). He completed his studies at the High School of Szatmár, and studied Hungarian Literature at the Babes-Bolyai University, Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) (1955-1960). Until 1970, he was a contributor to the journal, Forward (Előre) in Bucharest. Then he fell seriously ill and committed suicide. In his view, the meaning of life is an endless struggle. The vicissitudes of the ethnic minority life shattered his optimism. His poetry gradually became full of gloom and depression. He was a talented representative of avant-gardism. A selection of his writings include Dream at the Airport (Álom a repülőtéren) poems (1969); Farewell to the Tropics (Búcsú a trópusoktól) poems (1969); Our Contemporary, János Arany (Kortársunk Arany János), monography (1969); Seashore Empire (Tengerparti Birodalom), left behind poems (1978); and Forced Landing (Kényszerleszállás) collected poems (1979). He translated works from Utan, Stanscu, Doinas and Walt Whitman. – B: 0881, 0878, 0877, T: 7103.
Szilágyi, Erzsébet (Elizabeth) (?  after 10 July 1483) – Wife of János (John) Hunyadi, mother of László (Ladislas) Hunyadi and King Mátyás I, (Matthias Corvinus, 1458-1490) and younger sister of Mihály (Michael) Szilágyi. She supported her husband’s political designs through the management of the family’s considerable estates. Her historical role commenced with the pledge from King László V (Ladislas, 1440-1457) that no harm would befall her sons for the assassination of Ulrik Cillei. However, the King broke his oath and beheaded her firstborn, László (1433-1457) and captured Mátyás. Using the family fortunes and armed assistance, she managed to have Mátyás elected King in 1458. She traveled to the Moravian border to receive her son and affirmed through her seal his betrothal and marriage to the daughter of Czech King Podiebrad, Katharina. Even the Pope was elated with the news. She lived her days on her estates, mostly in Ó-Buda. She also reconstructed the Vajdahunyad Fortress (now Belgrade, Serbia), and built a monastery on the site in 1465. In 1467, she donated a financially strong estate to a chapel in Ó-Buda. Poet János (John) Arany recorded her historical role in a poem entitled Szilágy Erzsébet. – B: 1078, 0883, 1138, T: 7658.→Hunyadi, János; Szilágyi, Mihály; Mátyás I, King; László V, King; Arany, János.
Szilágyi, Géza (Temesvár, now Timişoara, Romania, 29 December 1875 - Budapest, 7 April 1958) – Poet, writer and journalist. He obtained his Doctorate in Law and Political Science from the University of Budapest in 1901. While studying at the University, he was already Associate Editor of several daily newspapers. During the period between 1906 and 1919, he was an assistant editor of the paper, News (Újság). From 1905, together with a few friends, he published the literary and critical journal, Observer (Figyelő). After World War I, he worked at the paper, Evening (Est) from 1921 to 1928; later, he was a reporter from Budapest for the German news agencies. Szilágyi was one of the initiators of 20th century Hungarian lyric poetry. He also had some effect on the great lyric poet Endre (Andrew) Ady. Because of his first volume of poems, Tristia (1896), the attorney’s department began an action against him. He participated in the work of the publications Observer, Wednesday (Szerda,) and then West (Nyugat). In his poems the pessimism of the end of the 19th century and the feelings of physical love begin to speak. His works, in addition to Tristia, include On Dead Waters (Holt vizeken) poems (1903); Frost in May (Májusi fagy) play (1911); The Flock of the Devil (Az ördög nyája) short story (1917); St Vitus’ Dance (Vitustánc) (1918); Words and Tears (Szó és könny) poems (1927); The Hell of John Vajda (Vajda János pokla) (1934); Selected Old and New Poems (1948), and Dancing-song of Beggars (Koldusok táncdala) selected poems (1958). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.→Ady, Endre.
Szilágyi, István (Stephen) (Nagykálló, 7 January 1819 - Máramarossziget, now Sighet in Romania, 12 April 1897) – Teacher, educator and writer. He studied Arts, Law and Theology at the University of Debrecen, where he was a fellow student of the great lyric poet János (John) Arany. He was Principal of the High School of Nagyszalonta (now Salonta, Romania), and there he had an encouraging effect on the initial stages of János Arany’s career. From 1845 to 1896, he worked as teacher at the High School of Máramarossziget. He won the award of the Kisfaludy Society with his poem entitled Árpád in 1840, and with his short story, Csák and the Princess (Csák és a királyleány) in 1841. He received an award from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1843 for his linguistic work entitled Rules of Sentence Construction (Szókötéstan szabályai). He wrote works on church history, local history and also on pedagogy. His other works include Christian Church History (Keresztyén egyháztörténet) (1860), and A Short Sketch of the History of Roman Literature (A római irodalomtörténet rövid vázlata) (1891). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.→Arany, János.
Szilágyi, János György (John Gregory) (Budapest, 16 July 1918 - ) – Scholar of antiquity, historian, philologist of classics and historian of literature. He studied Art at the University of Budapest from 1936 to 1941, after which he worked as a researcher in the Antiquities Section of the Museum of Fine Arts. He became its Section Head and Professor at the University of Budapest in 1952. He specialized in the art of antique theatrical art and earned a Doctorate in the study of art history. He was a student of Greek and Roman history and art, and editor of anthologies and university technical books. He was Secretary of the Society of Antique Studies for 16 years, and Editor of Bulletin du Musée Hongrois des Beaux-Arts; a member of the German Archeological Society and a member of the Instituto di Studi Etruschi of Florence; also a titular professor in 1973. His works include Greek Art (Görög művészet) (1954); The Golden Age of Greek Culture (A görög kultúra aranykora) with János Sarkady and Zsigmond Ritoók, (1984); The World of the Etruscans (Az etruszkok világa) (1989), and Mythology and Humanism (Mitológia és humanitás) (1999). His numerous distinctions include the Kossuth Prize (1991), the József Eötvös Wreath (1996), and the Soros Foundation Prize (1998, 2000). – B: 0874, 1257, T: 7456.→Ritoók, Zsigmond (2).
Szilágyi, László (Ladislas) (Budapest, 2 October 1898 - Budapest, 6 September 1942) – Journalist and operetta librettist. He studied Law at the University of Budapest, but turned to journalism for a career. From 1919, he was a correspondent of Latest News (Új Hírek). The cabaret stages of Budapest liked putting on his jests and one-act plays, e.g. Seduce My Wife (Csábítsa el a feleségem). His first operetta, Levendula, was produced at the Castle Theater (Várszínház); after that he became one of the popular operetta and libretto writers. In 1928, he was contracted to the King (Király) Theater. Several of his pieces were played with success abroad. His operetta My Violin Broke (Eltörött a hegedűm) was made into a sound-film. Another of his well-known films is the Borrowed Husbands (Kölcsönkért férjek) (1942). His operettas include Good Old Budapest (Régi jó Budapest) (1925); Kissing Woman (Csókos asszony) (1926); Golden Swan (Aranyhattyú) (1927); Falling Leaf (Hulló falevél) (1935) and Lieutenant Maria (Mária főhadnagy) (1943). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.
Szilágyi, Mihály (Michael) (? - Istanbul, 1461) – Commander and Governor. He was born into a noble landowner family, brother-in-law of János (John) Hunyadi via his older sister Elizabeth Szilágyi. He fought alongside János Hunyadi in the Battle of Várna (now in Bulgaria) in 1444, and at Rigómező (now Kosszovo Polje, Serbia) in 1448, where he fell into captivity, but was released by the Sultan. His personal enemy George Brankovics ruler of Serbia attempted to assassinate him. Instead, Hunyadi captured and released him after a ransom of 60,000 golden florins. During the Battle of Nándorfehérvár (now Belgrade, Serbia) in 1456, Szilágyi was its captain and rebuilder, and took part in the assassination of Ulrik Cillei; but remained free while some of the Hunyadis were captured in Buda. After the beheading of László (Ladislas) Hunyadi in 1457, he assumed command of the Hunyadi faction and became Governor of Macsó in 1457-1458 and, during his tenure, supported by Polish and Hungarian mercenaries, he led a campaign against King László V (1453-1457) and captured the royalist Saxon cities of Transylvania. Prior to the battle, assisted by his sister, Erzsébet (Elizabeth), he fought to free Mátyás (Matthew) Hunyadi, who was then elected as King Mátyás I (1458). He also signed the Treaty of Szeged in 1458, to ensure the disarming of the royalist Garai family. Mátyás had Szilágyi elected Governor of Hungary for five years, but soon excluded him from involvement in governmental affairs. He withdrew and watched the Turks’ gradual intrusion into Hungary. When the King demanded his resignation, he aligned with László (Ladislas) Garai and Miklós (Nicholas) Ujlaki at Simontornya on 26 July 1458, against the King. While the King appeased him, he could not accept the reduction of power and influence and again marched against the King in 1459. The King incarcerated him in the Fortress of Világos (now Şiria, Romania) in the same year. Upon his release he became Voivode of Transylvania and Captain-General of Southern Hungary. In 1460, he engaged in a battle against the superior Turkish army, was captured by the Sultan and transported to Istanbul, where he was later beheaded for refusal to reveal tactical information about the weaknesses of the Fortress of Nándorfehérvár. – B: 0942, 0883, T: 7658.→Szilágyi, Erzsébet; Hunyadi, János; Hunyadi, László; Mátyás I, King.

Szilágyi, Sándor (Alexander) (Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 30 August 1827 - Budapest, 12 January 1899) – Historian. He studied Law and Arts in Kolozsvár. During the 1848/49 Revolution and War of Independence, he went to Pest and became a correspondent for the Pest News (Pesti Hírlap), and Life Scenes (Életképek). After the Revolution, he attempted to launch literary journals: with only 10 issues of Magyar Memorial Paper (Magyar Emléklap), 4 of Hungarian Writers’ Fascicules (Magyar Írók Füzetei), and 10 issues of Pest Pamphlet. They failed because the Austrian-controlled police banned all of them, due to published poems citing the memory of the Revolution. Volume II of the literary annual Nagyenyed Album was also confiscated by the police, together with some of his other works. From 1852, Szilágyi was a mathematics teacher at the Reformed College of Kecskemét; from 1853 he taught at Nagykőrös, where his teacher colleagues included the great lyric poet János (John) Arany and Ferenc (Francis) Mentovich. In 1867, Baron József (Joseph) Eötvös, Minster of Religion and Public Education appointed him Secretary of his Ministry. From 1878 he was Librarian of the University Library, Budapest. At the beginning of the 1850s, he published writings on the Revolution and War of Independence and also published many data and documents from the history of Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania) of the 16th and 17th centuries. In 1875 he took over the editorial work of the high-level historical journal Centuries (Századok), and launched the journal Historical Magazine (Történeti Tár) in 1878, as well as the series entitled Hungarian Historical Biographies (Magyar Történelmi Életrajzok), in 1885. He conducted far-reaching scientific organizing work. He published the series Transylvanian Parliamentary Memorials,1540-1699) (Erdélyi Országgyűlési Emlékek, 1540 - 1699), and edited the 10-volume History of the Hungarian Nation (Magyar Nemzet Története), published on the occasion of the millennial celebrations. He was Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (corresponding 1857, ordinary 1873). His other works include History of Transylvania, vols. i,ii (Erdélyország története, I-II (1866) and The Era of the Rákóczis in Transylvania (A Rákócziak kora Erdélyben) (1868). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.→Arany, János.
Szilágyiana Collection – A collection of Turkish documents, extremely rich in both quantity and substance. The “Bequest of Dániel Szilágyi” (1830-1885) is the most important part of the 438-piece manuscript collection. There are copious treatises of historical relevance to the history of Hungary. The document collection is very valuable and, among others, it also includes numerous original letters and codices. Dániel Szilágyi lived in Istanbul for 36 years, where he spent hours every day at the market place among piles of books with an excellent sense for discovering real treasures. After the demise of the War of Independence of 1848-1849, his goal was to obtain valuable data for the writing of Hungarian history by collecting books and rare manuscripts. He left his bequest to the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, which placed it under the above name in the Library of the Academy. – B: 0883, 1136, T: 7659.

Szilárd-Chalmers Effect – Nuclear-chemical occurrence, description of it was first given by Leó Szilárd, and T. Chalmers in London in 1934. The descriptions of its effects are referred to by this name in professional literature. – B: 1230, 1220, T: 7675.→Szilárd, Leó.
Szilárd, Béla (Steiner) (Mezőberény, 20 January 1884 - Paris, 2 June 1926)Chemist. He started his high school studies at Békéscsaba and graduated in Debrecen. He studied Pharmacology at the University of Budapest, graduating in 1904, and he defended his doctoral thesis in 1905. The following year he became an assistant professor. In 1907, he traveled abroad with a scholarship, and continued his studies at the Sorbonne, Paris. In the meantime, he worked at the Curie Laboratories. In 1912 he opened his own research laboratory in Paris, the Laboratoire de Produits Radioactifs. From 1914 he lived in London, then in Madrid. From 1920 on, he continued his activity in Paris, where he published his results. He translated into Hungarian Jules Henri Poincaré’s book entitled Science and Hypothesis (Tudomány és föltevés) (Bp. 1908). He was preoccupied with the photochemical phenomenon, luminescence, and the biological effects of radioactive radiation. He was also interested in radioactive pharmaceuticals, the quantitative measurement of X-ray and radioactive radiation, colloids, the formation of living matter and the history and development of the above-mentioned topics. His research output is over a hundred and fifty publications, as well as numerous patents. The articles were published in Hungary and abroad. His documents and correspondence are kept in the Archives of the Budapest Polytechnic and the Manuscript Archives of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His main works include Radium and Radioactivity (Radium és radioaktivitás) (Bp., 1905), and The Electrolytic Decomposition and Formation of Alcohols in Absolute Alcoholic Solution (Az alkoholok elektrolitos bomlása és képződése absolut alkoholos oldatban) (Bp., 1905). He was awarded the Legion d’Honneur distinction in 1925. – B: 0883, 1105, T: 7697.
Szilárd, Leó (Budapest, 11 February 1898 - La Jolla, CA. USA, 30 May 1964) – Physicist and biophysicist. He was born into a Jewish family of an engineer. He attended the renowned Lutheran High School of Budapest (Fasori Gimnázium) (1908-1916). His tertiary studies were in Engineering at the Polytechnic of Budapest. In 1917 he had to join the Army. In 1919 he resumed his studies, but after the introduction of numerus clausus for Jewish students in universities, he conducted his studies at the Technische Hochschule in Berlin-Charlottenburg, where he changed to Physics, and attended classes of Einstein, Planck and Max von Laue. He obtained his doctorate in Physics from the Humboldt University of Berlin in 1923, and worked as an assistant to von Laue. In 1927 he became an honorary lecturer (privatdozent) at the University of Berlin, where he worked with Einstein on numerous technical inventions. During 1933, Szilárd moved to London to avoid Nazi persecution, and there he attempted to create a chain reaction, which he actually patented in 1936. He was also the co-holder of the patent of the nuclear reactor with Nobel laureate Enrico Fermi. In 1938, Szilárd was invited to do research at Columbia University, and moved to New York, and Fermi joined him. They concluded that uranium could sustain chain reaction. Later they found that boron-free graphite could control chain reaction. As a result the first controlled chain reaction occurred on 2 December 1942. After learning about the German success in nuclear fission in 1939, Szilárd drafted a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, and convinced Albert Einstein to sign it, which resulted in the creation of the Manhattan project, i.e., the creation of the first atomic bomb. Szilárd hoped that it would not be put into action, that the mere threat of it would force enemies to surrender. However, the new President, Harry Truman agreed to use the atomic bomb against Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After World War II, Szilárd changed from physics to molecular biology. At the beginning of 1951, Szilárd proposed a new kind of nuclear weapon using a cobalt bomb. In his book, The Voice of the Dolphins, he dealt with moral and ethical issues raised by the development of nuclear weapons (1961). During 1962, Szilárd was a member of a group of scientists who founded the Council for a Livable World. The Council's goal was to warn the public and Congress of the threat of nuclear war and encourage rational arms control and nuclear disarmament. He spent his last years as a fellow of the Salk Institute in San Diego. He received honors from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1954), the American Physical Society, the Atoms for Peace Award (1959), the National Inventors Hall of Fame and the title of Humanist of the Year (1960). A library and a crater of the Moon bear his name. – B: 1031, 1123, 1138, 1672, T: 7103.
Szilárdi, János (John) (Szalárd, ca. 1616-1617 - Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 3 August 1666) – Historian. He worked as an archivist at Gyulafehérvár (now Alba Iulia, Romania); later, as a young man, he became Court Secretary to Prince György (George) Rákóczi I (1630-1648) whose era people remember nostalgically in the times of decline of Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania) after 1657. In 1660 he took part in the defense of Várad (later Nagyvárad, now Oradea in Romania) and, when this town fell, he lost all his wealth. In 1665, he fled to Kolozsvár and held smaller offices; he was elected among the custodians of the Reformed Church. Between 1662 and 1664, he wrote the history of Transylvania from 1526 to 1664. He treated the 16th century sketchily, but covered his own age in 9 volumes, containing also important documents, and scourges his native land’s backwardness. The work contains two prophetic sermons of 1677 by Pál (Paul) Medgyesi. He was the supporter of an autonomous Transylvanian fatherland. He was the author of the Lamentable Hungarian Chronicle (Siralmas magyar krónika) (History of Transylvania 1526-1662), Published by Zsigmond Kemény (1853). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.→Rákóczi I, Prince György; Medgyesi, Pál; Kemény, Baron Zsigmond.
Szilassy, László (Ladislas) (Szabó) (Nyírcsászári, 13 February 1908 - São Paolo, 30 March 1972) – Actor. Without attending a school of dramatic art, he started his acting career with the company of Károly (Charles) Szalay in Tata, at age 23, after completing his Law course at the University of Budapest. After Tata, he entered into a contract with the company of József (Joseph) Kallós in Kisújszállás; later Jenő (Eugene) Sziklai engaged him in Szeged. This was followed by his contract with Imre (Emeric) Miklóssy’s company: playing in Újpest, Szolnok and Kecskemét. From 1936 to 1937, he played in Árpád Horváth’s company in Debrecen. Later, he went to Budapest, where he appeared in the Inner City, the Artist, the Magyar, the Comedy and finally the New Hungarian Theaters. Szilassy’s good stage appearance, pleasant singing voice and dancing skill rendered him ideal for hero roles in operettas; but also played in musical comedies and dramas, including Kálmán in J. Huszka’s Erzsébet (Elizabeth); Pista in M. Eisemann’s Old Tokay (Tokaji aszú); Pál in J. Bókay’s Lie to Me (Hazudj nekem), and Korponay in L. Zilahi’s The General (A tábornok). He added to his popularity with his films, including There Are no Accidents (Nincsenek véletlenek) (1938); The Armchair (A karosszék) (1939); Prince Bob (Bob herceg) (1941), and The Tell-Tale Mill (A mesélő malom) (1943). His book is entitled Laci (Les) (1941). In 1944, Szilassy was a member of the right-wing Arrow Cross Party and, using his original name as Lieutenant László Szabó, he participated in the coup d’état of the extreme right-wing political leader Ferenc (Francis) Szálasi but, after the end of the Arrow Cross rule, when Hungary was already completely occupied by Soviet forces, he went abroad. From Germany he emigrated to Argentina, where he was one of the founders of the Society of Hungarian Actors in Buenos Aires. In 1960 he moved to Brazil. – B: 0883, 1445, T: 7456.→Szálasi, Ferenc.

Download 1.61 Mb.

Share with your friends:
1   ...   42   43   44   45   46   47   48   49   50




The database is protected by copyright ©ininet.org 2024
send message

    Main page