Pestvidéki Ásványbánya Vállalat



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Sziget, Peril of – A historical song relating the peril of Szigetvár in 1566, written by an unknown author from the same period. Only a fragment of the printed version remained. The entire text is known only from handwritten songbooks. The chronicle, recorded in a dry style, relates some of the more interesting episodes of the siege of Szigetvár by the Turks. Keresztély Schesaeus, a Transylvanian Saxon poet, used the song to write his Latin elaboration of the fall of Szigetvár. Count Miklós Zrinyi, the great-grandson of the hero of Szigetvár, based his great epic Peril of Sziget (Szigeti veszedelem) on this Latin elaboration. – B: 0883, 1136, T: 3240.→Zrinyi, Count Miklós (2).
Szigethy, Attila (Kapuvár, 10 March 1912 - Győr, 12 August 1957) – Labor Party politician. He went to school in Kapuvár and earned a diploma in forest management at the Forestry and Mining Academy of Sopron. From 1929 he was a government official, became a clerk in the District Court of Kapuvár, and later, the local tradesmen invited him to work as clerk for the district Trade Association; he worked in this capacity until 1949. From 1945 he was Secretary of the National Peasant Party of Kapuvár, then County President of the Party. He was elected Member of Parliament in 1947, 1949 and 1953. From 1950 to the end of 1954, he was Deputy President of the County Council of Győr-Sopron. During the Communist regime of Rákosi, he was discharged from his post. He was appointed as Director of the State Farm of Kistölgyfamajor and, became President of the National Council of Győr on 26 October 1956, and he also became President of the newly formed Transdanubian National Council on 30 October. He proved to be a dogged supporter of Imre (Emeric) Nagy. After the defeat of the Hungarian Revolution and Freedom Fight, the newly forming Communist regime under Soviet military occupation, took him into protective custody on 4 November 1956 but, on the demand of the still fighting masses, he was freed. He edited the paper Our Country (Hazánk), launched during the Revolution, and he also initiated the periodical, Sopron Diary (Soproni Napló) in December 1956. The Kádár regime tried to win him over, and he became a member of the delegation of the Patriotic People’s Front (Hazafias Népfront). With this delegation, he went to Bulgaria. He also took part in the parliamentary work of County Győr-Sopron; but on 3 May 1957 he was arrested and, on 9 May 1957, he was reported to have resigned from his mandate in the Parliament. In his imprisonment he committed suicide. – B: 0883, 1105, T: 7456.→Nagy, Imre; Freedom Fight of 1956; Rákosi, Mátyás; Kádár, János; Patriotic People’s Front.
Szigethy, Gábor (Gabriel) (Budapest, 29 September 1942 - ) – Theater historian and stage manager. In 1967 he obtained a Degree in Hungarian Literature and Adult Education from the University of Budapest. From 1966 to 1971 he was an associate at the Institute of Theater Studies (Színháztudományi Intézet). Between 1972 and 1976 he was a deputy editor for the journal, Critique (Kritika); from 1976 he was an assistant lecturer at the University of Budapest. From 1993 he worked as stage manager at the Petőfi Theater (Petőfi Színház) of Veszprém. His studies embrace the history of literature, theater and education in the ages of enlightenment and reform. In the series edited by him, entitled Thinking Hungarians (Gondolkodó magyarok), he published, e.g. the pamphlet, Appeal in the Cause of the Hungarian Theater of Pest (Szózat a pesti Magyar Színház ügyében) by József (Joseph) Bajza (1986), and the essay entitled Shakespeare by Zsigmond (Sigismund) Móricz (1986). He also edited the work Selected Theatrical Writings of Imre Vahot, 1840-1848 (Vahot Imre válogatott színházi írásai, 1840-1848) (1981); the copy and complex documentation entitled, Victory (Győzelem) by László (Ladislas) Németh and Zoltán Latinovits (1992), and he also edited a volume from the bequest of Éva Ruttkai entitled Command Me, My Fairy-Queen! (Parancsolj, tündérkirálynőm!) (1989). He is doing important work in theater-museology: he is Curator of the É. Ruttkai, Z. Latinovits and M. Dajka bequests, runs the Ruttkai Memorial Room, and is one of the founders and secretary of the Latinovits Circle of Friends. His books include Ruttkai (1987); Latinovits (1988), and Collected Writings (1985). – B: 1445, 1257, T: 7456.→Bajza, József; Móricz, Zsigmond; Vahot, Imre; Németh, László; Latinovits, Zoltán; Ruttkai, Éva; Dajka, Margit.
Szigeti, György (George) (Szentes, 29 January 1905 - Budapest, 26 November 1978) – Electrical engineer, inventor. He obtained his tertiary training at the Budapest Polytechnic. From 1926 to 1928 he was employed as a technician with the United Incandescent Company (Egyesült Izzó), Budapest. From 1928 to 1950 he was a laboratory assistant, and later, Director of the Laboratories Firm. From 1950 to 1952 he was Director of Laboratory No. 3 in the Institute of Telecommunication. From 1958 to 1974 he was Director of the Research Institute of Technical Physics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, where he was a orresponding member from 1954 to 1958 and an ordinary member from 1958; he was its Deputy Secretary General from 1958 to 1961. His main fields of study were: luminescent materials and semi-conductors. He was awarded the Kossuth Prize in 1959 and the Medal of the Eötvös Society in 1970. – A Technical High School bears his name in Budapest. – B: 0969, T: 7456.
Szigeti, József (1) (Joseph) (Budapest, 5 November 1892 - Luzern, Switzerland, 20 February 1973) – Violin virtuoso. He studied music at the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music, Budapest, and was a student of Jenő (Eugene) Hubay. From 1905 he toured almost constantly and performed with great success in Berlin, Dresden and London. He lived in England for a couple of years from 1906. He was a professor at the Conservatory of Music of Geneva (1917-1924). He settled in the USA in 1926, he became a naturalized American citizen only in 1951. He pioneered many new works of Béla Bartók, M. Ravel, I. Stravinsky and S. Prokofiev. Bartók dedicated his First Rhapsody to him in 1928. On 9 January 1939, Szigeti and Bartók performed the first two parts of Bartók’s Contrasts (Kontrasztok) at Carnegie Hall, New York. He and Bartók worked together on the 7th piece of the “For Children” series, published under the tile: Hungarian Folk Tunes (Magyar népi dallamok). Szigeti was considered a teacher of great ability. He visited Hungary before World War II, and after the war. He was the Honorary President of the Weiner-Bartók Festival in 1963, Budapest. He left behind a valued discography. Szigeti’s works include With Strings Attached. Reminiscences and Reflections, autobiography (New York, 1947, London, 1949, Zürich, 1962); Talking Strings (Beszélő húrok), translated by Adorján Stella (Budapest, 1965); Beethoven’s Violin Pieces (Beethoveen Violinwerke), translated by Imre (Emeric) Ormay (Budapest, 1968), and Joseph Szigeti on the Violin (London, 1969) (A hegedűről), translated by Ákos Fodor (Budapest, 1974). Szigeti was a member of the Academia di Santa Cecilia, Rome. There is a violin competition named after him in Budapest, Hungary. – B: 0883, 0903, 1672 T: 7103.→Hubay, Jenő; Bartók, Béla;
Szigeti, József (2) (Joseph) (Tripammer) (Veszprém, 11 May 1822 - Budapest, 26 February 1902) – Writer, actor and lawyer. He completed the earlier part of high school in Veszprém, when he was on friendly terms with József (Joseph) Radakovics, the writer Gereben Vas of later times. He left the Law School of the University of Budapest and became an actor; later became member of the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház), Budapest. In 1865 he became a teacher and later Director of the Academy of Dramatic Art, and was also appointed a member of the Kisfaludy Society and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Early in his acting career, he played juvenile leads, later comic roles of the French drawing-room plays fashionable at the time. He was one of the pioneers of realistic acting. His important Shakespearean roles were Polonius in Hamlet; Kent in King Lear; Menenius Agrippa in Coriolanus, and Falstaff in Henry IV. He was also the author of folk plays, popular at the time: they were lively comic plays, at times not even shrinking from satirical critic; he played leading roles in these as well. His works included Bootmaker as Ghost (Csizmadia mint kisértet) (1856); Diary of an Actor (Egy szinész naplója) autobiography (1866); From the World of Sentiment (Az érzés világából) short-story (1886), and Adoration of Art (Művészet-imádása) novel (1896). A memorial plaque was erected on his house of birth in Veszprém in 1902. – B: 0932, 1257, T: 7456.→Vas, Gereben.
Szigeti, Miklós (Nicholas) (Abaújszántó, 5 July 1941 - ) – Sculptor. He studied at his birthplace from 1947 to 1955. He practiced stone masonry in Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia) from 1956 to 1959. He attended the stone-sculpture course at the Kassa High School of Applied Arts (1962-1966). From 1966 to 1971 he studied at the Academy of Applied Arts of Prague under Karel Hladík, Václav Večeřa, Jiří Dušek and Jiří Bradáček, and finally settled in Kassa. During the restoration of the Cathedral of Kassa, he directed the stone masonry works (1985-1987). Since 1991, he has been a stone-masonry and restoration teacher at the High School of Applied Arts of Kassa. He prepares monumental and decorative statues to enhance buildings and plazas, and restores classical monuments. He participated in about 30 group exhibitions. His statues in public squares include Cracking of the Kernel (A mag pattanása) on the Železníky Place, Kassa (1974); Memorial for the martyrs executed by the Arrow-Cross authorities in 1944 in Kassa; and Tranquility (Nyugodalom) a statue standing in the foreground of the Kassa cemetery (1988). – B: 1083, T: 7456.
Szigligeti, Ede (Edward) (József Szatmáry) (Nagyváradolaszi, now Olosig, eastern suburb of Nagyvárad, now Oradea, Romania, 8 March 1814 - Budapest, 9 January 1878) – Actor, dramatist, writer, stage manager. Originally he studied engineering; but on 15 August 1834, he became a member of the theatrical company playing in the Castle Theater (Várszinház), Buda. He was with them when the Magyar Theater (Magyar Színház) of Pest was opened in 1837. At the opening presentation Szigligeti played the role of Envy (Irigység) for the scene Árpád’s Awakening (Árpád ébredése) in Mihály (Michael) Vörösmarty’s curtain raiser. From this day until his death, Szigligeti was a member of the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház) of Pest. His work for four decades there had great influence on the life of the theater. Until 1854, he worked as an actor, though not in leading roles. At the same time, from 1845 right till 1859, he also actively performed secretarial, managerial (from 1854) and librarian tasks. From 1868 to 1873 he also worked as a drama critic. From 29 March 1873 he was Director in a temporary, in 1875 in a permanent position. During his time the theater building was renewed and extended. In the same year, the People’s Theater (Népszinház) had just opened in Budapest, and it took away several leading artists from the National, together with the popular folk play genre. As an actor, Szigligeti did not have much success, though he played character roles. His stage managing work was significant, because he discovered many Hungarian writers and brought outstanding actors to the theater. He brought to the stage the new-age Hungarian dramatists, such as Lajos (Louis) Dobsa, Lajos (Louis) Dóczi, Gergely (Gregory) Csiky and Antal (Anthony) Váradi. He introduced five Molière plays into the Hungarian theater life, and also introduced Sophocles’ Antigone, Gogol’s The Inspector-General (A Revizor) (1836), and Björnson’s tragedy A Bankruptcy (A csőd). He knew his actors well and took care of precise delivery of the lines. As a writer, he was the author of tragedies, comedies and folk plays; altogether he wrote more than a hundred pieces. With his folk plays he created a new genre, e.g. The Deserter (A szökött katona) (1843); Herdsman (Csikós) (1847), and The Gypsy (A cigány) (1853). He wrote successful comedies, such as Liliomfi, and valuable historical dramas, such as Captivity of Ferenc Rákóczi II (II. Rákóczi Ferenc fogsága) (1848). He was Hungary’s first and most productive dramatist, who wrote stage-worthy plays and, with his extraordinary productivity, he created a regular theater-going audience. The Hungarian Academy of Sciences invited him to become a corresponding member in 1840; he was a member of the Kisfaludy Society from 1846, and an instructor at the Academy of Dramatic Art from 1865. He wrote, among others, a valuable theoretical dramaturgical study: The Drama and Its Varieties (A dráma és válfajai) (1874). The theater of Szolnok bears his name. – B: 1068, 1445, 1257, T: 7456.→Váradi, Antal.
Szíj, Rezső (Rudolph) (Mezőlak, 7 October 1915 - Budapest, 26 April 2006) – Minister of the Reformed Church, cultural and literary historian, writer on the arts, and publisher. His secondary and tertiary studies were in Pápa, where he studied Theology at the Reformed Theological Academy. Between 1937 and 1957, he was Parish Minister in Sárvár and Pétfürdő. From 1945 he was a Member of Parliament in the Smalholders’ Party. Between 1946 and 1949 he was Director of the Misztótfalusi Book Publishers. From 1961 to 1969 he was Librarian of the Industrial Commerce Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Ipargazdasági Kutatási Csoport). From 1969 to 1971, he was Chief Librarian of the National Széchényi Library, Budapest. His main fields of interest were book-artistry and modern Hungarian art, which were the main themes of his articles, essays and books. He organized, founded and led cultural and art societies, such as the Hungarian Bibliophile Society (A Magyar Bibliofil Társaság), the Art Collector and Friends of the Art Circle (A Műgyüjtők és Műbarátok Köre), and the Szenczi Molnár Society (Szenczi Molnár Társaság). The latter published a number of his works. Rezső Szíj wrote more than 60 books and booklets, including Misztótfalusi Kis Miklós, study (1937, 1943); After the Lost Sheep (Az elveszett juh nyomában) (1942); The Reformed Church in Diaspora (A református egyház a szórványokban) (1944); Várpalota. Chapters from the City’s History (Várpalota. Fejezetek a város történetéből (1960); Gyula Nagy, study (1965); My Collection vols. i-viii, catalogue (Gyűjteményem, I-VIII, katalógus) (1966-1984); Gyula Xantus (1977); The Art of István Z. Soós (1982); György Váci, the Artist of Bookbindery (A könyvkötés művésze Váci György) (1991), Hungarians – on the Scale (Magyarság – mérlegen) (1993); Our Book-publishing and Book-culture in the Horthy Era (Könyvkiadásunk és könyvkultúránk a Horthy korszakban) (1993); Book-publishing, Book-artistry and Society, vols. i,ii,iii, (Könyvkiadás-könyvművészet-társadalom I-III, (1995-1997); The Infamous Füred-speech...on 23 August 1956... 1995 (A hirhedt füredi beszéd...1956 augusztus 23… 1995); Confession and Credo, autobiographical fragments (Gyónás és hitvallás), önéletrajzi töredék (1997), and Architecture and Society (Építészet és társadalom) (2003). From his collection there were exhibitions at Pápa, Kecskemét, Lakitelek and Várpalotra. He was the recipient of a number of distinctions including the Star Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (1991), the Honorary Doctorate from Gáspár Károli Reformed University (1995), the Kölcsey Memorial Medal (1995), the Mihály Táncsics Prize (1996), the Krúdy Memorial Medal (1996), and was made a Freeman of Várpalota (1996). – B: 0878, 1257, 1031, B: 7103.
Szíki, Károly (Charles) (Tiszaföldvár, County Szolnok, 13 April 1954 - ) – Actor, theater and stage-manager, writer and politician. At first he obtained a diploma from the Technical College of Light Industry, Budapest. In 1975 and 1976 he was an engineer at the Alföld Shoe Factory of Kecskemét. Between 1976 and 1980 he studied at the Academy of Dramatic Art, earning his diploma in 1980. Thereafter, he entered into a contract with the Csokonai Theater (Csokonai Színház), Debrecen, acting in leading roles. From 1987 to 1997 he became a principal artist and manager of the Géza Gárdonyi Theater (Gárdonyi Géza Színház), Eger. There are some 50 leading roles to his credit, including roles in works by Shakespeare, Molière, Dürrenmatt and Arthur Miller, and other roles in works by Ferenc (Francis) Molnár, Áron Tamási and András (Andrew) Sütő. He performed, among others, András Sütő’s Allow the Words to Come to Me (Engedjétek hozzám a szavakat) (2001). From 1998 to 2002 he was Director of the Harlequin Puppet Theater (Harlekin Bábszinház) in Eger. In 2002, after the change of Government, he was discharged from this theater, because of his patriotic political association. In 2002 he founded, and ever since has managed his private theater, the László Varga Civic Theater (Varga László Polgári Teátrum) of Eger. He has performed on numerous occasions in literary programs in Hungary, and he has given talks to Hungarian émigré communities during his 25 North American trips since 1986, usually in the company of the artist Viola Szabó. They visited e.g. New York, Sarasota in the USA; Toronto, Calgary, Edmonton in Canada, as well as Australia. His roles include A. Farkas’ This Is Also Theater (Ez is színház) (individual evening). Sziki also appeared in TV films, such as The Black Umbrella (A fekete esernyő) (1990), and King Matthias Corvinus at Debrecen (1990). He made documentary films such as 1956, You Star (1956, Te Csillag), with American and Canadian participants; 1956 Eger; Hungarians in America (Magyarok Amerikában); The Traitor (Az áruló); And Will the Star Be Turning Again? (És lészen csillagfordulás megint?) (1956-2006). He wrote books on Miklós (Nicholas) Tamási, Erzsi Cserey, Pálma Tar, and also on the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and Freedom Fight. His best-known book is: The Rope is On My Neck – 25 Years on the Cart of Thalia, autobiography, memoirs (2004), Traitors (Árulók) (2009), and Szeleczky – the Exiled Legend (Szeleczky – a száműzött legenda) (2011. Since 2002 he has been increasingly active in political life: he writes articles and organizes demonstrations. He was the leader of a demonstration against the privatization of the 200- year-old Hospital of Eger in 2008. He is President of the Heves-County section of the Smallholders’ Civic Society. He is a member of the Historical Order of Heroes (2007), a recipient the Gold Cross of Distinction of the Republic of Hungary (2002), the Knight Cross of St George (2004), and the Freedom Cross of 1956 (2006). – B: 1445, 1851, T: 7456, 7103.→Cserey, Erzsi; Varga, László.
Sziklai, Erika (Sziklay, Silbernagel) (Rákospalota, 4 March 1934 - ) – Singer (soprano). She completed her musical studies between 1952 and 1957 at the Bartók Béla Musical High School, Budapest, and at the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt of Academy of Music under the guidance of Géza László and Mrs. I. Kapitánffy. From 1957 to 1960 she studied with Oszkár Maleczky. From 1960 to 1990 she was a soloist with the National Philharmonic Orchestra. From 1959 to 1964 she was a music teacher at the Music School in Jászberény. From 1964 she was an assistant professor at the Vocal Department of the Academy of Music, later an adjunct professor, and finally, a university professor. She performed more than ninety presentations of 20th century compositions. The works of Alban Berg, Arnold Schönberg, Anton Webern, Kurtág György, Luigi Dallapiccola and Pierre Boulez were presented for the first time in Hungary in her interpretation. She made many recordings, which won international recognition. She was awarded the Liszt Prize (1969), the Artist Emeritus title (1975), the Grand Pix de Disque (Paris, 1972, 1978), the Bartók Béla Memorial Medal (1981), the Ferenc Liszt Memorial Medal (1976), and the Bartók Béla-Pásztori Ditta Award (1996). – B: 0874, 1445, T: 7697.→Maleczky, Oszkár; Kurtág, György.
Szikszai, György (George) (Szikszay) (Békés, 21 March 1738 - Debrecen, 30 June 1803) – Reformed pastor, theological writer and linguist. For a time he was a teacher in Debrecen, then, in 1762 he went abroad on a study trip, returning to Hungary in 1764. He worked as a pastor at Makó and, from 1786, in Debrecen. In 1795 he became Dean of the Diocese of Debrecen, and participated in the editing of the Hungarian Grammar of Debrecen (Debreceni Magyar Grammatica). He is the author of the most widely used Reformed prayer book, entitled Christian Teachings and Prayers (Keresztyéni tanítások és imádságok) (1786). It is popularly known as the Old Szikszay (Öreg Szikszay). His works include A Few Sermons (Egynéhány prédikációk) (1787); since then it has appeared in 76 editions; and The Natural and Christian Religion (A természeti és keresztyén vallás). A Reformed School at Makó bears his name. (1799). – B: 0883, 1105, T: 7456.
Szilády, Áron (Aaron) (Ságvár, 3 November 1837 - Kiskunhalas, 19 March 1922) – Minister of the Reformed Church and literary historian. He studied Theology in Debrecen between 1853 and 1857. From 1857 he traveled to Constantinople and the Near East to study Turkish. From 1858 until 1859 he studied at the University of Göttingen. After returning home, he worked as an assistant minister, then from 1863 until his death, as Parish Minister at Kiskunhalas. From 1885 he was the Chief Notary of the Danubian Reformed Church District. He is known for furthering the development of the High School of Halas. From 1865 until 1878 he was a Parliamentary Representative. From 1867 he was a member of the Kisfaludy Society. From 1893 until his death, he was Editor of the journal Releases on the History of Literature (Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények). He was one of the most prominent scholars of early Hungarian literature. He published several works from 16h century authors (B. Balassi, L.S.Timódi). He was a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His main published works include Historical Memories from the Turkish-Hungarian Age vols. i-ix (Török-magykori történelmi emlékek, I-IX); with S. Szilágyi and F.Salamon, the Turkish-Hungarian State Document Archives vols. i-vii, (Török-magyarkori államokmánytár I-VII) (1868-1872); Archives of Early Hungarian Poetry, vols. i-vii (Régi magyar költők tára I-VII) (1877-1912), and Life and Works of Pelbárt Temesvári (Temesvári Pelbárt élete és munkái) (1880). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7667.→Szabadi, Sándor; Temesvári, Pelbárt.
Szilády, Zoltán (Budapest, 21 May 1878 - Grosspösna, Saxony, Germany, 15 April 1947) – Zoologist and writer in natural sciences. After completing the Reformed High School in Budapest, he studied for a Dip. Ed. (Degree in Education) at the University of Budapest. Then he worked as a high school teacher. After earning his Ph.D. from the same University, from 1901 he was a teacher at the College of Nagyenyed (now Aiud, Romania), and from 1907 an honorary lecturer at the University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania). After 1922, he worked at the Zoological Section of the Hungarian National Museum. From 1928 he went on a research trip to Bulgaria; then worked at the Zoological Station of Naples. He dealt mainly with the etiology and anatomy of flies, and with the past of Hungarian zoological research. Szilády discovered Pholeuson hungaricum, an insect species, as well as the insect species named after him, Anopthalmus sziládyi. He also treated some aspects of botany and made studies of cultural history, linguistics and ethnography. From 1904 to 1926, he published and edited the natural scientific journal Biologica Hungarica. Several of his studies sum up the results of his research in the environs of Lake Balaton in Transdanubia. More than twenty of his papers contain zoological data on the Bakony Mountain areas and the environs of Lake Balaton. His works include The Realm of the Animals (Az állatok birodalma) (1926); The Plant Kingdom (A növények országa) (1926); The Past and Present of the Animal Realm of Hungary (A magyar állatvilág múltja és jelene) (1930); The Old Animal Islands of the Balaton Shoreline (A Balatonpart ősi állatszigetei, in: Természettudományi Közlemények, 1931), and The Mediterranean Animal Species of the Tihany Peninsula (A Tihanyi-félsziget mediterrán állatfajai) (Állattani Közlemények, 1931). – B: 0907, 0932, 1122, T: 7456.

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