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ODD FOOTNOTE FLYING SAUCERS
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ODD FOOTNOTEFLYING SAUCERSFlying Saucers did not come from Mars or Outer Space. Nor did they originate in America or Russia, although both countries ultimately developed them, using captured German Nazi scientists. In the early 1940s, the Nazi German Air Ministry and Air Force researched and developed Delta, triangular and circular flying discs or saucers, up to 45 meters wide. Designed and developed by the specialists, Schriever, Habermahl and Miethe, the first flight over Prague reached almost a height of eight miles, flying at a speed of 1,250 mph. Later, in subsequent tests, the speed was double. After the end of the War, Habermahl was said to have “fallen into Russian hands”. Miethe later developed similar flying saucers at A.V. Roe and Company, for the U.S. government. Many Nazi scientists worked in the United States. (Source: Brighter Than 1000 Suns, by Robert Jungk. Penguin Special, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1960 ed., p.87, footnote.) According to German post-war accounts, Rudolph Schriever designed and tested, in June 1942, and in August 1943, a circular “flying saucer” or disc. Furthermore, after the war, a full-scale prototype was discovered in the Hartz Mountains which had been secretly flown on 14th February 1945, despite its imminent defeat of the Nazi regime. Schriever originally believed that all his papers, and plans, as well as the prototype, had been destroyed to stop them falling into the hands of the Allies. But, later, right up to his death in 1950, he wondered if that was true because by then there were persistent sightings of disc-like UFOs which presumably were the result of secret developments – in America and Russia – of this invention. This was confirmed, in U. S. archives, in September 1992. In fact, there were two such craft originally constructed in the Hartz Mountains, 138 feet in diameter. + + + + + DRONES – Murder by Remote ControlAccording to a study by Drone Wars UK, the United Kingdom has spent more than £2bn on buying and developing military drones between 2007 and the end of 2012; and plans to commit a further £2bn for new unmanned military aircraft in the immediate future. Britain has been flying armed drones in Afghanistan since 2009. The study states that 76 countries have UAVs, but only Britain, the United States and Israel have used armed drones in military operations up to the end of 2012. The UK purchased six Reaper drones from the United States in October 2007 for future use in Afghanistan. One, at least, is known to have crashed. Hitherto, it had flown them from Creech US Airbase in Nevada, south of Area 51. the United Kingdom’s Reaper UAVs in Afghanistan use laser-guided Hellfire missiles and bombs. The Americans, it would seem, concentrated their attack on Pakistan. By the time this is published a squadron of Reapers will have been stationed in the UK at RAF Wallington in a purpose-built base and headquarters in Lincolnshire. The Americans consider that Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or Remotely Piloted Vehicles (RPVs), have been an unqualified success in their war in Afghanistan – if by “success” means lots of people getting killed and injured with no risks to the so-called pilots sitting thousands of miles away, and relatively cheaply! According to the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, the United States has over the past eight years, up to November 2012, killed about 3,400 people in Pakistan alone. How many have been killed and injured in Afghanistan and elsewhere is not known. According to the Bureau of Investigative Journalism (Guardian, 13 April 2013), US drones have killed 2,772 people in Pakistan, Somalia and Yemen, presumably in the previous 12 months. The U.S. also makes drone strikes against Somalia and the Yemen from a secret base in the tiny east African state of Djibouti. Drones it seems are everywhere! Surprisingly – or maybe not – the U.S. use of drones soared during Obama’s presidency, compared with that of George W. Bush. Up to the beginning of 2013, the CIA and the military undertook more than 400 drone strikes in Afghanistan, Somalia, Pakistan and Yemen, killing about 3,500-4,000 people and an unknown number of injured. Michael Boyle, who was a member of Obama’s counter-terrorism group prior to 2008, wrote in the Chatham House journal, International Affairs, that the reliance on drones was “having adverse strategic effects that have not been properly weighed against the tactical gains associated with killing terrorists. It encouraged a new, increasingly violent, arms race, commented Boyle (Guardian, 8 January 2013). In May 2013, President Obama, who at least in theory “signs off” on targeted drone strikes, in an address to the National Defence University, appeared to bow to increasing pressure to curtail such strikes, while at the same time justifying them. He promised greater transparency on America’s “war on terror” (that is anti-U.S. terror, of course!). He proposed that future drone attacks should be controlled by the military, and the Pentagon, rather than CIA; and be subjected to Congressional scrutiny. Nevertheless, the President of the United States supported all previous strikes, as they were “more discriminating than other military options such as aerial bombing”. And, he could have added that using drones is probably somewhat cheaper! + + + + + The British government has funded the development of drones at BAE Systems, and has also leased, for use in Afghanistan, drones from Israel when awaiting a new surveillance drone named Watchkeeper, produced jointly by the Israeli company, Elbit, and Thales UK. In May 2013 (Guardian, 7 May), Nick Hopkins published a Special Report, “Journey towards drone revolution takes shape at a tiny Welsh airfield”, in which he revealed that a former RAF base, now a privately-owned airfield by Ray Mann, near Aberporth in West Wales, Cardiganshire, is used by the Ministry of Defence to test Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) – drones. Apparently, it is the only air space in Europe where drones can be flown alongside conventional aircraft. The MoD surveillance and targeting drone, the Watchkeeper, has undergone trials at Aberporth’s West Wales Airport (WWA) for some time. Also using the base is UAW manufacturers, who fly their Delta 201 and 202, and which cover 2,000 sq miles over the sea, and 500 sq miles over, presumably, Wales. + + + + + The first UAV was flown from Aberporth in 2004. Since then, Mann’s team has overseen the flights of more than 1,000 UAVs at the base. By May 2013, Watchkeeper has undertaken 260 test flights, supervised by a MoD team of technicians, who have built and maintained the UAVs from a hangar, surrounded by barbed wire. The MoD already have more than 600 drones – and intend to acquire many more in the coming decades. Indeed, at least 35 per cent of the Royal Air Force’s planes are planned to be remotely controlled by 2023 – the latest generation drone, known as Taranis, can be sent to targets at long range, and defend itself against attacks by hostile aircraft. Like the U.S. Navy X-47B, it has weapons bays. In 2014, the British Ministry of Defence admitted that a US Global Hawk reconnaissance “unmanned aerial vehicle” - a drone – flew through UK airspace on at least three occasions, during NATO exercise, from a base in Italy, before returning. The drone flew over Britain at approximately 50,000ft. The trials were codenamed “Unified Vision.” (The Guardian, 30 May, 2014) + + + + + List of maps and photographs Androsian Chickcharnie New Providence Island, Nassau Bay Street, Nassau A Blue Hole Bay Street, Nassau Bay Street, Nassau Bay Street, Nassau Paradise Island Beach, Northwest Andros Main Base Site 1, AUTEC, Andros Lynden Oscar Pindling Main Base Site 1, AUTEC, Andros Another building, AUTEC, Andros Command Central Building and Range Support Facility, AUTEC, Andros Site 1, Range User Building, AUTEC, Andros
U.S. submarine Paradise Island Paradise Island AUTEC fixed-wing and rotary-winged aircraft at West Palm Beach, Florida airfield Bay Street, Nassau Ocean Haul Down Facility, AUTEC, Andros Electronic Warfare Threat Simulator (EWTS), AUTEC, Andros Mobile Acoustic Training Unmanned MQ1 Predator drone on a test flight UK Reaper Drone 
Figure , Main Base Site 1, AUTEC, Andros 
Figure , Another Building, AUTEC, Andros 
Figure , Androsian Chickcharnie 
Figure , U.S. Submarine 
Figure , New Providence Island, Nassau  
Figure , Bay Street, Nassau 
Figure , Bay Street, Nassau 
Figure , A Blue Hole 
Figure , Bay Street, Nassau 
Figure , Paradise Island 
Figure , Beach, Northwest Andros 
Figure , Lynden Oscar Pindling 
Figure , Command Central Building and Range Support Facility, AUTEC, Andros 
Figure , Site 1, Range User Building, AUTEC, Andros 
Figure , Paradise Island 
Figure , AUTEC fixed-wing and rotary-winged aircraft at West Palm Beach, Florida airfield   
Figure , Ocean Haul Down Facility, AUTEC, Andros 
Figure , Electronic Warfare Threat Simulator (EWTS), AUTEC, Andros 
Figure , Mobile Acoustic Training  
Figure , Unmanned MQ1 Predator drone on a test flight  
Figure , UK Reaper Drone 
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