Phonetics and Phonology (ENG)
VU 2. Other things being equal, vowels are longer in the stressed syllables (e.g., compare below and billow.
3. Other things being equal, vowels are longest in monosyllabic words, next longest
in words with two syllables, and shortest in the words with more than two syllables (e.g., speed, speedy, speedily.
4. A reduced vowel maybe voiceless when it is after a voiceless stop (and before a voiceless stop. Compare
potato with
catastrophe.
5. Vowels are nasalized in syllables closed by a nasal consonant (e.g., man.
6. Vowels are retracted before syllable final l (as
in words peel, pail, pal). Compare your pronunciation of i in heed and heel,
of e in paid and pail, and [æ] in pad and pal.
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