Portál španělského jazyka
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- The superlative
- Determiners
- Articles
- Indefinite articles
- Possessive determiners
AdjectivesThe feminine gender for most adjectives is formed in the same way as it is for declinable nouns, although most adjectives ending in a consonant or "e" remain unchanged: hombre superior, mujer superior (compare with el superior/la superiora); hombre importante, mujer importante (compare with el jefe, la jefa). [edit] The superlativeInstead of putting muy, "very" before an adjective, one can use a special form called the superlative to intensify an idea. This consists of the suffix -ísimo. Regular forms
Irregular forms
(*) These two forms keep the original meaning of the superlative: not "very" but "the most". Forms that are irregular in high literary style, and regular normally
Forms that are not felt a superlative anymore
Applying -ísimo to nouns is not frequent, but there is the famous case of Generalísimo. As in English and other languages influenced by it, a teenspeak superlative can be formed by the prefix super-, or sometimes hiper-, ultra-, re- or requete-. They can also be written as adverbs separate from the word.
[edit] Determiners[edit] Demonstrative determinersSpanish has three levels of demonstrative pronouns (see deixis):
English also used to have a three-way system like this: this hill (here), that hill (there) or yon hill (yonder) — in Spanish, esta colina, esa colina, aquella colina. English lost the third level, so that the that, there series covers the ground of yon, yonder. Este refers to something near the speaker (the first person). Ese refers to something nearer the hearer (the second person). Aquel refers to something away from both the speaker and the hearer. A similar system is found in other Romance languages, as well as in Japanese. [edit]
Definite articlesThe definite article in Spanish, corresponding to "the", is el. It agrees for gender and number as follows:
The usually masculine form el is used instead of la before feminine nouns beginning with a stressed a sound:
Exceptions: la is used despite this when use of el would imply a man:
Azúcar is a very special case. Its a is unstressed, and yet it usually takes el even when feminine:
N.B.: this feminine el does not have the same origin as the masculine el. The latter is from the Old Castilian ele, whereas the former is from ela, just as la is. This historic finesse is lost to those who use unstandard forms like los águilas. There is also a "neuter article", used before adjectives:
[edit] Indefinite articles
Near synonyms of unos include: unos cuantos, algunos and unos pocos. As in English, the plural indefinite article is not always required.
[edit] Possessive determinersThese are often known as possessive or genitive determiners. They are used before the noun they possess (and before the rest of the whole noun phrase, for example when an adjective precedes the noun). They agree in number with the noun, and sometimes in gender too.
Note the following:
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