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- Section 9: Balkans (The Balkans Exhibit Case) Learning Objective
- Section 10: September 11, 2001 and the Attack on the Pentagon (Exhibit Case with the Pentagon Clock) Learning Objective
- Section 11: Global War on Terrorism (The Global War of Terrorism Internment/Resettlement Exhibit Case) Learning Objective
- Internment and Resettlement
- Senior Military Police Officer and Non-Commissioned Officer Killed in Action
- Palm Sunday Ambush (Military Police in the GWOT Exhibit Case)
- Staff Sergeant Timothy F. Nein, Distinguished Service Cross
- Sergeant Leigh Ann Hester, Silver Star W
- Section 12: Military Police Heraldry/Crossed Pistols Insignia (Exhibit Case with the Harpers Ferry
- Section 13: MP Hall of Fame Room (Hall of Fame Wall) Learning Objective
- (Memorial Panels) Learning Objective
- (“Of The Troops” Painting) Learning Objective
- Section 14: Soldier Art ( “The Charioteers” Painting) Learning Objective
- (Art Gallery/MP Museum Gallery Exit)
Section 9: Somalia (Somalia Exhibit Case) Learning Objective: To highlight the role of MPs in Operations Other Than War and the deadly cost of humanitarian relief operations in Somalia that transitioned to a peacekeeping mission in an unstable country. On December 5, 1992, Operation Restore Hope began as a United Nations sanctioned humanitarian aid operation to help the starving people of Somalia. Ultimately, relief efforts saved hundreds of thousands from starvation, but Americans found themselves unintentionally involved in Somali civil strife that cost the lives of American service members.69 As U.S. troops were slowly drawn into inter-clan power struggles, Operation Continue Hope began on May 4, 1993 with a broadened directive of peace enforcement in the unstable country.70 The MP Regiment’s organization, capabilities, and doctrinal missions (battlefield circulation control, area security, EPW operations, and law and order operations) are ideally suited for Operations Other Than War. The U.S. dispatched MPs to Somalia with other military troops to provide a mobile, lethal show of force, restore civil order, process prisoners of war or detainees, and assist in peacekeeping tasks. MPs provided security for convoys of humanitarian supplies to the interior of Somalia. In Mogadishu, MPs conducted raids to disarm bandits and recover weapons, provided route security, operated a detention center, provided law and order capability, supported combat operations, and conducted customs duties. U.S. forces faced increased hostility as they became more deeply embroiled in trying to establish a stable government. On July 19, 1993, snipers wounded Sergeant Michael Baker and Specialist Brian Robinson of the 300th MP Company while they escorted a convoy through the southern part of Mogadishu. On August 8, 1993, forces of General Muhammed Farah Aideed detonated a mine containing over fifty pounds of high explosives under a passing MP vehicle on an orientation reconnaissance patrol in Mogadishu. The explosion killed four MPs: Specialist Mark Gutting, Specialist Keith Pearson, and Sergeant Christopher Hilgert from the 977th MP Company out of Fort Riley, Kansas; and Sergeant Ronald Richerson from the 300th MP Company out of Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri.71 October 3-4, 1993, U.S. forces engaged Somalia militia in Mogadishu and fought a battle in which eighteen U.S. soldiers were killed and eighty-four wounded.72 Forty-two Americans died and dozens more were wounded before the United States and the United Nations decided that further efforts to establish peace would not succeed. March 25, 1994, American troops withdrew from Somalia and Operation Continue Hope ended.73 Section 9: Balkans (The Balkans Exhibit Case) Learning Objective: To highlight the role of MPs in a peacekeeping and peace enforcing mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Beginning in December 1995, U.S. and allied nations deployed peacekeeping forces to Bosnia in support of Operation Joint Endeavor. Task Force Eagle, comprised of 20,000 American soldiers, was the US component of NATO's Implementation Force (IFOR). Task Force Eagle's history begins in 1995 following the NATO-imposed cease-fire, halting the destructive four-year Balkan conflict.74 Task Force Eagle enforced the cease-fire, supervised the marking of boundaries and the zone of separation between the former warring factions, enforced the withdrawal of the combatants to their barracks and the movement of heavy weapons to designated storage sites. Task Force Eagle also supported efforts to administer the country's first ever, democratic national elections. On December 20, 1996, the IFOR mandate ended and NATO established a new operation, Operation Joint Guard, along with a new Stabilization Force (SFOR) to replace IFOR. Task Force Eagle remained the title for the US contingent supporting this new operation. Whereas the IFOR mission was to implement the peace, the SFOR mission was to stabilize the peace.75 Between 1995 and 1996, the 18th MP Brigade deployed to Bosnia and Herzegovina in support of Operation Joint Endeavor as part of NATO's Implementation Force (IFOR).76 Missions for the brigade included:
During 1999, every unit of the 18th MP Brigade deployed to the Balkans in support of contingency operations in Albania, Sarajevo, and Kosovo. Section 10: September 11, 2001 and the Attack on the Pentagon (Exhibit Case with the Pentagon Clock) Learning Objective: To explain the significance of the Pentagon clock on display and recognize the MP units that immediately responded to the Pentagon when terrorists attacked it on September 11, 2001. On September 11, 2001, nineteen militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. As millions watched the events unfolding in New York, American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown Washington, D.C. before slamming into the west side of the Pentagon at 9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from the Boeing 757 caused an inferno that led to the structural collapse of a portion of the building. The death toll in the Pentagon attack was 125 military personnel and civilians in the Pentagon and 64 people aboard the airliner.78 MPs recovered the clock on display from the damaged area in the Pentagon. The letter signed by Colonel David D. Phillips, Director of Security that accompanied the clock attests to its authenticity. The clock’s time stopped when Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon interrupting electricity. The 200th MP Company and 290th MP Company, Maryland Army National Guard, were the first MPs on the scene. They secured the crime scene and continued to provide security at the Pentagon for nearly a year after the attack.79 Section 11: Global War on Terrorism (The Global War of Terrorism Internment/Resettlement Exhibit Case) Learning Objective: To explain the value of MPs as a combat multiplier in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT); to explain the Internment/Resettlement role of MPs in the GWOT; and to highlight a significant GWOT combat event involving MPs and the heroism of the Soldiers involved. In the aftermath of the catastrophic events of September 2001, the U.S. Army was thrust into a new kind of warfare, the Global War on Terrorism. MPs filled their role as a combat multiplier. The three MP disciplines (police operations, detention, and security and mobility support) are key enablers for success during decisive action. MP units provide support to each of the warfighting functions while performing their three disciplines as a flexible, versatile, lethal, and nonlethal economy-of-force organization. Internment and Resettlement MPs conduct Internment and Resettlement (I/R) operations during offensive, defensive, stability, or civil support operations. As part of internment, these populations include U.S. military prisoners, and multiple categories of detainees (civilian internees [CIs], retained personnel [RP], and enemy combatants), while resettlement operations are focused on multiple categories of dislocated civilians (DCs). MPs are uniquely qualified to perform the full range of I/R operations. They have the requisite skill sets provided through specific training and operational experience. The skills necessary for performing confinement operations for U.S. military prisoners in permanent facilities are directly transferable and adaptable for tactical confinement of U.S. military prisoners and detention of detainees. All MP units are specifically manned, equipped, and trained to perform I/R operations; and those identified as I/R units are the specialists within the Army for this role.80 On December 13, 2003, American troops responding to a tip captured the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein. MPs kept him under their custody and care at a high-value detention center at Camp Cropper, Iraq from the time of his capture until his release to the Government of Iraq on December 30, 2006. 81 The Iraqi Government tried and convicted Saddam Hussein of crimes against humanity and executed him on December 30, 2006. Senior Military Police Officer and Non-Commissioned Officer Killed in Action On May 6, 2007 at Pul-e-Charkhi prison, about 20 miles east of Kabul, an Afghan soldier posted outside the prison shot and killed Colonel James W. Harrison and Master Sergeant Wilberto Sabalu Jr. Harrison, Sabalu and two other U.S. Soldiers who were wounded in the shootings were working as mentors to Afghan troops providing external security for the prison.82 Palm Sunday Ambush (Military Police in the GWOT Exhibit Case) Just before noon on March 20, 2005, Palm Sunday, a large group of insurgents launched a complex ambush on two Coalition convoys as they converged on a highway twenty-six miles southeast of Baghdad. The ambush took place at a T-intersection created by an access road off the main highway. The northbound convoy was a mix of Army and civilian vehicles. Twenty-two civilian tractor-trailers were interspersed with seven Army trucks from the 1075th Transportation Company, each manned by two Soldiers. In addition, three HMMWVs from the 518th Guntruck Company (Provisional), under the call sign Regulator, each manned by three Soldiers, and each with a mounted M2 .50-caliber machine gun, escorted the convoy. Regulator 1 was at the front of the convoy, Regulator 2 was in the middle, and Regulator 3 was in the rear.83 The southbound convoy was almost all civilian vehicles consisting of thirty tractor-trailers, an Army and Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES) bus, and two Ford Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs). The convoy was escorted by three HMMWVs from Battery B, 1st Battalion, 623d Field Artillery (FA) Regiment, call sign Stallion 33. The southbound convoy was traveling along a sector of the road guarded by the 617th MP Company. Second Squad, Fourth Platoon, 617th MP Company was in the area, and began shadowing the southbound convoy, working under the call sign Raven 42.84 As the ambush progressed, both convoys came under intense fire from insurgents in a trench line along the main road. Realizing that the convoy his squad was shadowing was under attack, Staff Sergeant Timothy F. Nein, the squad leader from the 617th MP Company, radioed the news back to the other two MP HMMWVs. The squad maneuvered forward until it was between the convoy and the main body of insurgents and approaching the access road. Nein ordered his squad to turn down the access road. Thinking he had flanked the enemy by turning onto the access road, the MPs were actually in the middle of the insurgent forces. Nein assumed his squad would encounter twelve to fifteen insurgents. This had been the standard number for the enemy over the previous months in Iraq. Instead, the squad faced a force estimated to have been between forty-five to fifty insurgents.85 Nein decided that the squad needed to take decisive offensive actions if they were to survive. He called out that he needed someone with a M203 grenade launcher and then jumped into the trench in front of him. Sergeant Leigh Ann Hester jumped in alongside her squad leader. They began to move down the trench system toward the main road in 10-meter rushes.86The remainder of the MP squad, the Stallion crews, and the crew of Regulator 3 also opened fire on the field and trenches. The accumulation of fire, along with the actions of Nein and Hester, defeated the insurgent force.87 Three civilian drivers died in the fight. The Army casualties all survived their wounds. Twenty-four insurgents were killed on the scene, nine were wounded (two of whom later died from their wounds), and one was captured unharmed. Squad members from the 617th MP Company received numerous decorations for valor:
Staff Sergeant Timothy F. Nein, Distinguished Service Cross While patrolling a supply route, Staff Sergeant Nein's squad observed a convoy of semi-tractor trailers that was being ambushed by approximately fifty anti-Iraqi insurgents with automatic weapons and rocket propelled grenades. He responded by dismounting his squad and leading them in a counterattack to flank the enemy trench line. Still under heavy fire, Staff Sergeant Nein displayed great courage by directing an assault on an enemy trench line, firing his weapon, and throwing hand grenades to suppress the enemy. His squad killed several insurgents, captured large quantities of weapons and ammunition, and saved the lives of numerous convoy members.89 Sergeant Leigh Ann Hester, Silver Star While serving as the Team Leader for RAVEN 42B in the 617th MP Company, 503d MP Battalion (Airborne), 18th MP Brigade, Sergeant Hester led her soldiers on a counterattack against Anti-Iraqi Forces (AIF) who were ambushing a convoy with heavy AK-47 assault rifle fire, PRK machine gun fire, and rocket propelled grenades. Sergeant Hester maneuvered her team through the kill zone into a flanking position where she assaulted a trench line with grenades and M-203 rounds. She then cleared two trenches with her Squad Leader where she engaged and eliminated three Anti-Iraqi Forces personnel with her M-4 rifle. Her actions saved the lives of numerous convoy members.90 Section 12: Military Police Heraldry/Crossed Pistols Insignia (Exhibit Case with the Harper's Ferry Flintlock Pistols) Learning Objective: To present the history of the MP Corps Crossed Pistols insignia and promote esprit de corps. The insignia of crossed pistols for the MP Corps was approved in 1923. The device is a scale model of the Harpers Ferry Army officers' sidearm and holster pistol of a century and a half ago. The Heraldic Section, Quartermaster General, made the drawings for the insignia in 1922. In 1920, when a reorganization of the Army occurred, the original staff study assigned 5,000 Infantrymen to the MP mission. Major General Farnsworth, Chief of Infantry, protested this arrangement because it put him in charge of troops that he would never have under his control. He won his argument, and the War Department created another temporary arm of the service – The Corps of Military Police. The new corps needed insignia and a new collar mark. The Infantryman carried a musket, the Cavalryman wore a saber, and the MP carried a billy-club. The Department of Heraldry instructed a draftsman to draw crossed billy-clubs. The result was a failure. At saluting distance, the MP could not be distinguished from the Field Artilleryman, who wears crossed cannon. Next, the medieval military club, the mace, was tried. Beautiful drawings were made but the insignia looked like crossed potato mashers. The MPs carried a .45 caliber automatic pistol. The draftsman created a design of crossed .45 caliber pistols. At a distance, the insignia looked like carpenter's squares. The .45 caliber pistol, like the others, made inartistic devices. The heraldic section suggested the Harpers Ferry Army Arsenal flintlock pistol. Everyone interested in the new insignia agreed, and the Chief of Staff, General Pershing, signed the drawings and later approved the metal collar mark, which continues to be worn by the Army MPs.91 The pistols on display are the Harper's Ferry Army Arsenal flintlock, Model 1806, caliber .54. Section 13: MP Hall of Fame Room (Hall of Fame Wall) Learning Objective: To promote pride and esprit de corps in the MP Corps Regiment by recognizing outstanding leadership within the Regiment that embodies Army values and represents the high ideals of the Regiment. The U.S. Army MP Corps Regiment established the Hall of Fame in 1992 to honor soldiers and civilians who have made significant achievements and exceptional contributions to our country and the Corps. A nominee must have made a significant and long-term contribution to the development of the Corps. The nominee should have contributed, in some significant fashion, to the evolution and definition of the Corps's character, doctrine, mission, and/or training. In certain instances, a heroic action justifies the nomination. Nominations must contain information based on genuine knowledge or documented research.92 As of 2014, the Hall of Fame features seventy-two members. These individuals have played a significant role in shaping the history of the MP Corps Regiment. (Memorial Panels) Learning Objective: To promote pride and esprit de corps in the MP Corps Regiment through the honoring of those who made the supreme sacrifice in the service of our nation while serving in combat. Although Military Police are always on dangerous duty, these panels reflect deaths in connection with enemy forces. The MP Historian endeavored to compile accurate listings of MP sacrifices during each period of conflict. The Historian conducted his research using a variety of sources. (“Of The Troops” Painting) Learning Objective: To promote pride and esprit de corps in the MP Corps Regiment through the original “Of the Troops and For the Troops” painting that continues to inspire MP Soldiers today. The “Of the Troops and For the Troops” painting is on loan from the Army Art Collection. The artist created the painting in 1942, soon after the creation of the MP Corps. Commissioned by the War Department to create a recruiting poster, Jes Wilhelm Schlaikjer took on the task to produce a work of art reflecting the pride and service of the MPs. Schlaikjer selected an actual MP as the subject, Sergeant William Fotta. Assigned to a MP battalion in the Washington, D.C. area, Fotta agreed to pose for the painting. His assignment lasted thirteen days and his posing for the artist would take between ten to twelve hours each day. The painting became the face of MP recruiting and an iconic image of WWII. It remains a symbol of the Corps to this day. The painting inspired thousands of posters and served as the background on the MP Code of Ethics cards issued to MPs in the 1970s.93 Section 14: Soldier Art (“The Charioteers” Painting) Learning Objective: To present the impact and value of Army art in presenting a visual image of the Soldier experience. The “Charioteers” painting is part of the Army Art Collection of the Center of Military History at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, and is on special loan to the MP Museum. It is an acrylic on canvas painting completed in 1970. The artist, Chester (Chet) Jezierski, studied at the Rhode Island School of Design and served in the U.S. Army from 1966-70. Chief Warrant Officer Jezierski was an Army helicopter pilot and is a Vietnam veteran with two Purple Hearts. He was selected for the Soldier-Artist Team 10, February through June 1970, to document the U.S. Army in Korea. Following his Army service, Jezierski was one of a few artists selected to document the space program for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Jezierski became a professional illustrator and is known for his canine artwork primarily for the American Kennel Club.94 (Art Gallery/MP Museum Gallery Exit) The artwork displayed is a visual record of the American military experience. Through their artwork, Soldiers in the field captured the sense of climate, the terrain, and the morale and concerns of Soldiers. Bibliography About the Book. Witness to the Right Stuff. Blurb. Accessed October 27, 2014. http://www.blurb.com/b/909782-witness-to-the-right-stuff.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1993. Accessed October 20, 2014. http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/WAC/WAC.HTM. Bilbo, Jon F. Enemy Prisoners of War (EPW) Operations during Operation Desert Storm. Individual Study Project. Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College, April 15, 1992. Brinkerhoff, John R., Ted Silva, and John Seitz. Enemy Prisoner of War Operations: The 800th Military Police Brigade. Arlington: ANDRULIS Research Corporations, 1992. Bruscino, Thomas A. Jr. “Palm Sunday Ambush, 20 March 2005.” In In Contact!: Case Studies From the Long War, Vol. 1, edited by William G. Robertson, 59-81. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2006. “Chips: Top War Dog of the K-9 Corps in World War II.” The Military Police Journal 9, no. 12 (August 1959): 35. Craig, Ronald. “History of Women in the Military Police Corps.” The Dragoon 22, no. 2 (Winter 2011): 36-37. Download 204.12 Kb. Share with your friends:
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