Psychoanalysis & Psychodynamic Psychology
lesson ii. Psychodynamic Perspectives on Human
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| lesson ii. Psychodynamic Perspectives on Human Development and Personality i. introduction A. Psychodynamic theories are in a state of constant evolution. B. The importance of human development from birth onward is a crucial assumption shared by all psychodynamic models. Early child development is critical and formative for later adult personality and functioning. The influence of early parent–child relationships and the security of attachments is crucial for later adult relationships and personality traits. ii. Freudian Developmental and Personality theory A. Development proceeds through “psychosexual” stages driven by sexual energy called libido or Eros. 1. Children are not miniature adults but have distinct emotional and cognitive needs, capacities, and experiences. Stages unfold in a predetermined sequence. Each stage revolves around a bodily erogenous zone apart of the body in which libido is concentrated. Fixations at certain developmental stages can be caused by either too little or too much gratification—too little or too much libidinal satisfaction. B. Freudian psychosexual stages were developed by Freud and his followers, including his daughter Anna Freud, who worked directly with children. Oral stage (birth mos.)—erogenous zone mouth (a) Psychological themes—feeding, nurturing, safety, trust (b) Orally fixated personality”—dependency and neediness as prominent traits. Anal stage (18 mos years)—erogenous zone anus (a) Psychological themes—control, autonomy, separateness from parent (b) Anally fixated personality”—stubborn, retentive, controlling, rigid, expulsive, and stingy as typical traits 12 3. Phallic-oedipal stage (3–6 years)—erogenous zone genitals (a) Psychological themes—exhibiting prowess, achievement, competition (b) Oedipus complex—rivalry, jealously, and competition with one parent, usually the same-sex parent, and desire to possess the other parent (c) Healthy adult personality and ability for close relationships depends on reasonably good resolution of the Oedipus complex 4. Latency stage (6 years–puberty)—libidinal energy subsides psychic energy directed toward socialization and learning life skills Psychological themes—decrease in conscious sexual feelings more interest in learning and extrafamilial relationships as child starts developing interest in outside world and further separates from parents. Genital stage (puberty–adulthood)—erogenous zone genitals Psychological themes—reemergence of unconscious Oedipal feelings however, ego and superego development now causes this energy typically to be redirected toward peers and potential sexual and life partners Note. For other psychodynamic developmental and personality theories, see Lesson VI. Download 283.67 Kb. Share with your friends:
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