Psychoanalysis & Psychodynamic Psychology
iV. Jungian Psychoanalysis
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- V. neo-Freudians
| iV. Jungian Psychoanalysis Carl Jung (1875-1961) began as a follower of Freud but felt Freud overemphasized sexual motivation. Jung was more interested in the influence of the collective unconscious a body of universal symbols and experiences he believed were passed through generations. Jungian psychoanalysts focus on interpreting the symbolic archetypes inpatients dreams and fantasies. Jung also believed that females have an animus or male side, and males have an “anima,” or female side. In addition, Jung emphasized that all humans have a shadow the dark (evil) side of human nature. See Activity 6: Create a Jungian Mandala (p. 33) V. neo-Freudians A. Alfred Adler (1870-1937) was an early follower of Freud, but he later founded his own distinct school of thought emphasizing the centrality of inferiority feelings (the term inferiority complex derives from Adler. Adler believed that an inferiority complex gives rise to the drive for superiority that can last a lifetime. B. Karen Horney (1885-1952) was one of the earliest feminist psychoanalysts. She argued that Freud’s theory of little girls penis envy underestimated the role of cultural influences (like sexism) that contributed to girls feelings of inferiority she saw women’s strivings for power as a response to social inequality rather than penis envy. Horney postulated that we develop basic anxiety early in life and, if unresolved, develop basic hostility toward others as adults. C. Erik Erikson (1902-1994) focused on the full human life cycle, describing eight stages of psychosocial development, which are stages of conflict from birth to death, in contrast to Freud’s primary emphasis on childhood stages of psychosexual development. Erikson believed the first stage, trust vs. mistrust, was the most important.* See Activity 7: Psychodynamic References in Popular Culture (p. 35) continued on next page * See Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development on page 20. |