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Morbidity among bystanders of bullying behavior at school: concepts, concerns, and clinical/research issues

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• Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health.
• Bullying and gangs.
• OBJECTIVE
• CONCLUSION
• The nature and extent of college student hazing.
• CONCLUSIONS

Morbidity among bystanders of bullying behavior at school: concepts, concerns, and clinical/research issues. Rivers I. Source School of Sport and Education, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK. ian.rivers@brunel.ac.uk Abstract The role of the bystander is not one that is easily understood in the anti-bullying literature. Roles within the unofficial hierarchy of the school-yard and playground overlap considerably, and each role has its own social dynamic that brings with it a shifting behavioral landscape that affects every student. In this article, the mental health correlates of three categories of bystander are explored: the co-victim, the isolate, and the confederate. Each category of bystander has its own characterizations and mental health correlates. Reports of post-traumatic stress, internalized hostility, substance use, and suicide ideation are discussed with reference to studies involving witnesses of family abuse, community and school violence as well as bullying. It is argued that bystanders are the key to challenging bullying in schools, and their mental health and well-being is pivotal to the effectiveness of anti-bullying interventions. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2011 Nov 29;24(1):27-35. doi: 10.1515/ijamh.2012.005. Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health. Suzuki K, Asaga R, Sourander A, Hoven CW, Mandell D. Source Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. keitaliber@hotmail.com Abstract The rapid growth of electronic and computer-based communication and information sharing during the past decade has dramatically changed social interactions, especially among teenagers. Cyberbullying has emerged as a new form of bullying and harassment, and it has been shown to possess different ramifications from traditional school-yard bullying. This problem has emerged in nations worldwide. Cyber victims have reported various emotional and behavioral symptoms, along with school-related problems. This paper reviews international cross-sectional studies relating to the definition, prevalence, age, and gender differences inherent in cyberbullying. Psychosocial and risk factors associated with cyberbullying are also addressed. Prevention and intervention strategies for school officials and parents are suggested. Healthcare providers, policy makers, and families must be ever-mindful of the grave dangers cyberbullying poses to youths. Longitudinal studies are warranted to assess the psychological risk factors of cyberbullying. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2011 Nov 29;24(1):57-62. doi: 10.1515/ijamh.2012.008. Bullying and gangs. White R, Mason R. Source School of Sociology and Social Work, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia. r.d.white@utas.edu.au Abstract BACKGROUND: Although bullying is associated with gangs, questions arise as to whether bullying, as such, takes place within gangs. OBJECTIVE: To provide a critical analysis of bullying as this pertains to youth gangs and especially to violence within gangs, and as applied to the behaviour of individual gang members. Study group: Young men between 12 and 25 years of age. METHODS: Review of relevant literature with a view to theorising the nature of the relationship between bullying and violence within a youth gang context. RESULTS: Bullying is associated with the reasons why individuals join gangs and with gang-related behaviour, but the violence within a gang is of a different character than that usually described by the term bullying. CONCLUSION: Bullying has implications for related and/or subsequent types of street violence, but is less relevant for descriptions of violence within a youth gang context as such. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2011 Nov 29;24(1):83-90. doi: 10.1515/ijamh.2012.012. The nature and extent of college student hazing. Allan EJ, Madden M. Source College of Education and Human Development, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA. elizabeth.allan@umit.maine.edu Abstract BACKGROUND: This study explored the nature and extent of college student hazing in the USA. Hazing, a form of interpersonal violence, can jeopardize the health and safety of students. METHODS: Using a web-based survey, data were collected from 11,482 undergraduate students, aged 18-25 years, who attended one of 53 colleges and universities. Additionally, researchers interviewed 300 students and staff at 18 of the campuses. RESULTS: Results reveal hazing among USA college students is widespread and involves a range of student organizations and athletic teams. Alcohol consumption, humiliation, isolation, sleep-deprivation and sex acts are hazing practices common across student groups. Furthermore, there is a large gap between the number of students who report experience with hazing behaviors and those that label their experience as hazing. CONCLUSIONS: To date, hazing prevention efforts in post-secondary education have focused largely on students in fraternities/sororities and intercollegiate athletes. Findings from this study can inform development of more comprehensive and research-based hazing prevention efforts that target a wider range of student groups. Further, data can serve as a baseline from which to measure changes in college student hazing over time. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2011 Dec;46(12):1211-9. doi: 10.1007/s00127-010-0292-1. Epub 2010 Dec 1. Directory: documents documents -> Concept stage documents -> Concept stage documents -> The great global switch-off documents -> Nonprofit grant application documents -> The Truth about the Rwandan Genocide documents -> Annual InStructional unit plan documents -> Chaos equipment included Download 2.3 Mb. Share with your friends: