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Is adolescent bullying an evolutionary adaptation?
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- Belief in a just world, teacher justice, and bullying behavior.
- Living with Difference: Experiences of Adolescent Girls with Cleft Lip and Palate.
- A multi-informant longitudinal study on the relationship between aggression, peer victimization, and dating status in adolescence.
Is adolescent bullying an evolutionary adaptation?Volk AA, Camilleri JA, Dane AV, Marini ZA. SourceDepartment of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, Ontario, Canada. tvolk@brocku.ca AbstractBullying appears to be ubiquitous across cultures, involving hundreds of millions of adolescents worldwide, and has potentially serious negative consequences for its participants (particularly victims). We challenge the traditionally held belief that bullying results from maladaptive development by reviewing evidence that bullying may be, in part, an evolved, facultative, adaptive strategy that offers some benefits to its practitioners. In support of this view, we draw from research that suggests bullying serves to promote adolescent bullies' evolutionarily-relevant somatic, sexual, and dominance goals, has a genetic basis, and is widespread among nonhuman animals. We identify and explain differences in the bullying behavior of the two sexes, as well as when and why bullying is adaptive and when it may not be. We offer commentary on both the failures and successes of current anti-bullying interventions from an evolutionary perspective and suggest future directions for both research and anti-bullying interventions. Aggress Behav. 2012 May-Jun;38(3):185-93. doi: 10.1002/ab.21421. Belief in a just world, teacher justice, and bullying behavior.Donat M, Umlauft S, Dalbert C, Kamble SV. SourceDepartment of Educational Psychology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. matthias.donat@paedagogik.uni-halle.de AbstractThe relation between school students' belief in a just world (BJW) and their bullying behavior was investigated in a questionnaire study. The mediating role of teacher justice was also examined. Data were obtained from a total of N = 458 German and Indian high school students. Regression analyses revealed that the more strongly students believed in a personal just world and the more they evaluated their teachers' behavior toward them personally to be just, the less bullying behavior they reported. Moreover, students with a strong BJW tended to evaluate their teachers' behavior toward them personally to be more just, and the experience of teacher justice mediated the relation between BJW and less bullying perpetration. This pattern of results was as expected and consistent across different cultural contexts. It persisted when neuroticism, sex, and country were controlled. The adaptive functions of BJW and implications for future school research are discussed. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2012 May 14. [Epub ahead of print] Living with Difference: Experiences of Adolescent Girls with Cleft Lip and Palate.Tiemens K, Nicholas DB, Forrest CR. Sourcea Hospital for Sick Children, Social Work/Craniofacial Program. AbstractAbstract Objective: This study explored the experiences of adolescent girls with cleft lip and palate who were preparing for orthognathic surgery. Design: A qualitative study, based on a phenomenological approach, explored adolescents' experiences. Two one hour long semi-structured interviews were conducted before surgery, and member checking was employed to verify findings with each participant. Setting: A tertiary care pediatric hospital in central Canada. Participants: A criterion sampling technique was used to recruit a sample of seven participants with cleft lip and palate ranging in age from 15 to 20 years who were scheduled for cleft orthognathic surgery. Results: Participants described experiencing teasing,bullying and stares. In many cases, participants sought to resist and dismiss negative social attitudes about their visible difference while working to combat this with a positive view of who they really are. To varying degrees, participants felt constricted in engaging in the community as they were worried what others thought of their visible difference. They worked at finding ways to reduce the impact of social stigma through coping strategies, social supports and reconstructive surgery. Conclusions: Adolescent girls can experience strain associated with living with a facial difference; however, they find strategies to cope with the perception of difference. Reconstructive surgery is viewed as a means to increase confidence. Further intervention is needed in understanding and addressing stigma and fostering resiliency related to female adolescents living with a facial difference. Key Words: craniofacial, cleft lip and palate, adolescents, qualitative research, orthognathic surgery, social stigma. Evol Psychol. 2012 May 25;10(2):253-70. A multi-informant longitudinal study on the relationship between aggression, peer victimization, and dating status in adolescence.Arnocky S, Vaillancourt T. SourceDepartment of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Canada. AbstractAdolescent peer-aggression has recently been considered from the evolutionary perspective of intrasexual competition for mates. We tested the hypothesis that peer-nominated physical aggression, indirect aggression, along with self-reported bullying behaviors at Time 1 would predict Time 2 dating status (one year later), and that Time 1 peer- and self-reported peer victimization would negatively predict Time 2 dating status. Participants were 310 adolescents who were in grades 6 through 9 (ages 11-14) at Time 1. Results showed that for both boys and girls, peer-nominated indirect aggression was predictive of dating one year later even when controlling for age, peer-rated attractiveness, and peer-perceived popularity, as well as initial dating status. For both sexes, self-reported peer victimization was negatively related to having a dating partner at Time 2. Findings are discussed within the framework of intrasexual competition. Encephale. 2012 May 28. pii: S0013-7006(12)00009-7. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2012.01.008. [Epub ahead of print] Directory: documents documents -> Concept stage documents -> Concept stage documents -> The great global switch-off documents -> Nonprofit grant application documents -> The Truth about the Rwandan Genocide documents -> Annual InStructional unit plan documents -> Chaos equipment included Download 2.3 Mb. Share with your friends:
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