Published by department of transportation

95-1.03 CONSTRUCTION

Do not use an epoxy component if any of the following occur:

1. Evidence of crystallization

2. Permanent increase in viscosity too thick to be adequately mixed

3. Settled pigments that cannot be readily dispersed with a paddle

4. Component is older than the manufacturer's recommended expiration date

Automatic mixing equipment must have positive displacement pumps and be capable of metering a 2-component mix in the specified ratio ± 5 percent by volume of either component.

Mix the 2 epoxy components until no trace of black or white streaks is present in the mixed epoxy.

Clean surfaces to receive the epoxy of rust, paint, grease, asphalt, loose, and deleterious material. Apply the epoxy and place materials to be bonded before the epoxy starts to thicken. Do not use epoxy that has exceeded its working life.

Prime surfaces with epoxy immediately before placing epoxy concrete or mortar.

When bonding freshly-mixed concrete to hardened concrete, coat the blast-cleaned concrete surface with epoxy using a brush or roller. Place freshly-mixed concrete while the epoxy is tacky. Apply new coat of epoxy if the epoxy sets.

95-1.04 PAYMENT

96-1.01 GENERAL

96-1.01A Summary

96-1.01B Definitions

96-1.01C Submittals

96-1.01C(1) General

1. Certificate of compliance

2. Test sample representing each lot

3. Minimum average roll value

96-1.01C(2) Geotechnical Subsurface Reinforcement

Submit the LTDS and its supporting calculations at least 15 days before placing geotechnical subsurface reinforcement. The calculations must be signed by an engineer registered as a civil engineer in the State.

96-1.01D Quality Assurance

Geosynthetics must be on the DataMine list for geotextiles and geosynthetics at the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program website. The product name, manufacturing source, and date of manufacture must be printed every 5 meters along the edge of the material except for:

1. Paving mat

2. Paving grid, Class 2 and 3

3. Biaxial geogrid

96-1.02 MATERIALS

96-1.02A General

Treat geosynthetics to resist degradation from exposure to sunlight. Furnish geosynthetics in covers to protect against damage from moisture, sunlight, and shipping and storage.

96-1.02B Filter Fabric

Geosynthetics used for filter fabric must be permeable and nonwoven. Filter fabric must be manufactured from one of the following:

1. Polyester

2. Polypropylene

3. Combined polyester and polypropylene

Filter fabric must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Filter Fabric
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
		Class A	Class B	Class C
Permittivity, (min, sec-1)	ASTM D4491	0.5	0.2	0.1
Apparent opening size, average roll value, (max, US standard sieve size)	ASTM D4751	40	60	70
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip, in each direction, (min, lb)	ASTM D4632	157
Apparent elongation, in each direction, (min, percent)	ASTM D4632	50
Puncture strength, (min, lb)	ASTM D6241	310
Trapezoid tearing strength, (min, lb)	ASTM D4533	56
UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent)	ASTM D4355	70

96-1.02C Geocomposite Wall Drain

Geocomposite wall drain must consist of a polymeric core with filter fabric integrally bonded to one or both sides of the core creating a stable drainage void.

Filter fabric must comply with section 96-1.02B.

Geocomposite wall drain must be from 0.25 to 2 inches thick.

Geocomposite wall drain must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Geocomposite Wall Drain
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
Transmissivity, (gal/min/ft) gradient = 1.0, Normal stress = 5,000 psf	ASTM D4716	4

96-1.02D Geotechnical Subsurface Reinforcement

96-1.02D(1) General

Geosynthetic reinforcement used for geotechnical subsurface reinforcement must be either geotextile or geogrid.

When tested under ASTM D4491, geotextile permittivity must be at least 0.05 sec^-1.

Geogrid must have a regular and defined open area. The open area must be from 50 to 90 percent of the total grid area.

96-1.02D(2) Long Term Design Strength

Determine the LTDS of geosynthetic reinforcement from the ultimate tensile strength in the primary strength direction divided by reduction factors. Calculate LTDS from the guidelines in Geosynthetic Research Institute Standard Practice GG4a, GRI GG4b, or GRI GT7.

The product of the reduction factors must be at least 1.30. Determine the reduction factor for creep using a 75 year design life for permanent applications. For temporary applications, use a 5 year design life to determine the reduction factor. Determine the installation damage reduction factor from the characteristics of backfill materials used.

If test data is not available, use default values of reduction factors in the Geosynthetic Research Institute Standard Practice to determine LTDS.

96-1.02E Silt Fence Fabric

Silt fence fabric must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Silt Fence Fabric
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
Woven		Nonwoven
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip in each direction, (min, lb)		ASTM D4632	120	120
Apparent elongation, in each direction (min, percent)	ASTM D4632	15	50
Water flow rate, average roll value, (min and max, gal per minute/sq ft)	ASTM D4491	10–100	100–150
Permittivity, (min, sec-1)	ASTM D4491	0.05	1.1
Apparent opening size, average roll value, (max, inches)	ASTM D4751	0.023	0.012
UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent)	ASTM D4355	70	70

96-1.02F Gravel-Filled Bag

Gravel-filled bag must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Gravel-Filled Bag
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip in each direction, (min, lb)	ASTM D4632	205
Water flow rate, average roll value, (min and max, gal per minute/sq ft	ASTM D4491	80–150
Permittivity, (min, sec-1)	ASTM D4491	0.2
Apparent opening size, average roll value, (max, inches)	ASTM D4751	0.016
UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent)	ASTM D4355	70

96-1.02G Sediment Filter Bag

The sediment filter bag must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Sediment Filter Bag
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
		Woven	Nonwoven
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip in each direction,(min, lb)	ASTM D4632	200	250
Apparent elongation, in each direction, (min, percent)	ASTM D4632	10	50
Water flow rate, average roll value, (min and max, gal per minute/sq ft)	ASTM D4491	100-200	75-200
Permittivity, (min, sec-1)	ASTM D4491	1.0	1.0
Apparent opening size, average roll value, (max, inches)	ASTM D4751	0.023	0.012
UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent)	ASTM D4355	70	70

96-1.02H Temporary Cover

Temporary cover must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Temporary Cover
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
		Woven	Nonwoven
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip in each direction, (min, lb)	ASTM D4632	200	200
Apparent elongation in each direction, (min, percent)	ASTM D4632	15	50
Water flow rate, average roll value, (min and max, gal per minute/sq ft)	ASTM D4491	4-10	80-120
Permittivity, (min, sec-1)	ASTM D4491	0.05	1.0
Apparent opening size, average roll value,(max, inches)	ASTM D4751	0.023	0.012
UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent)	ASTM D4355	70	70

96-1.02I Rock Slope Protection Fabric

RSP fabric must be a permeable, nonwoven, needle-punched geotextile. The fabric must be manufactured from one of the following:

1. Polyester

2. Polypropylene

3. Combined polyester and polypropylene

Polymers must be either virgin compounds or clean reworked material. Do not subject virgin compounds to use or processing other than required for initial manufacture. Clean reworked material must be previously processed material from the processor's own production that has been reground, pelletized, or solvated. The fabric must not contain more than 20 percent of clean reworked material by weight. Do not use recycled materials from either post-consumer or post-industrial sources.

RSP fabric must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

RSP Fabric
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
		Class 8	Class 10
Mass,(min, oz/sq yd)	ASTM D5261	7.5	9.5
Grab breaking load, 1 inch grip in each direction, (min, lb)	ASTM D4632	200	250
Apparent elongation in each direction, (min, percent)	ASTM D4632	50	50
Permittivity, (min, sec-1)	ASTM D4491	1.0	0.70
Apparent opening size, (min and max, US Standard sieve size)	ASTM D4751	70–100	70–100
UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent)	ASTM D4355	70	70

96-1.02J Paving Fabric

Geosynthetics used for paving fabric must be nonwoven.

Paving fabric must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Paving Fabric
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
Mass per unit area, (min, oz/sq yd)	ASTM D5261	4.1
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip in each direction, (min, lb)	ASTM D4632	100
Apparent elongation in each direction, (min, percent)	ASTM D4632	50
Hydraulic bursting strength, (min, psi)	ASTM D3786	200
Melting point, (min, F)	ASTM D276	325
Asphalt retention, (min, gal/sq yd)	ASTM D6140	0.2

96-1.02K Paving Mat

Geosynthetics used for paving mat must be a nonwoven fiberglass and polyester hybrid material.

Paving mat must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Paving Mat
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
Breaking force, (min, lb/2 inch cut strip)	ASTM D5035	45
Ultimate elongation, (max, percent)	ASTM D5035	5
Mass per unit area, (min, oz/sq yd)	ASTM D5261	3.7
Melting point, (min, F)	ASTM D276	400
Asphalt retention, (min, gal/sq yd)	ASTM D6140	0.10

96-1.02L Paving Grid

Geosynthetics used for paving grid must be a geopolymer material formed into a grid of integrally connected elements with openings.

Paving grid must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Paving Grid
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
		Class I	Class II	Class III
Tensile strength at ultimate, (min, lb/ina)	ASTM D6637	560 x 1,120	560	280
Aperture size, (min, inch)	Calipered	0.5	0.5	0.5
Elongation, (max, percent)	ASTM D6637	12	12	12
Mass per area, (min, oz/sq yd)	ASTM D5261	16	10	5.5
Melting point, (min, °F)	ASTM D276	325	325	325
a For Class I, machine direction x cross direction. For Class II and Class III, both directions.

96-1.02M Paving Geocomposite Grid

Paving geocomposite grid must consist of a paving grid specified in section 96-1.02L bonded or integrated with a paving fabric as specified in section 96-1.02J.

Paving geocomposite grid must have a peel strength of at least 10 lb/ft when tested under ASTM D413.

96-1.02N Geocomposite Strip Membrane

Geocomposite strip membrane must be various widths of strips manufactured from asphaltic rubber and geosynthetics.

Geocomposite strip membrane must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Geocomposite Strip Membrane
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
Strip tensile strength, (min, lb/inch)	ASTM D882	50
Elongation at break, (min, percent)	ASTM D882	50
Resistance to puncture, (min, lb)	ASTM E154	200
Permeance, (max, perms)	ASTM E96/E96M	0.10
Pliability, 1/4 inch mandrel with sample conditioned at 25 °F	ASTM D146	No cracks in fabric or bitumen
Melting point, (°F)	ASTM D276	325

96-1.02O Subgrade Enhancement Geotextile

Subgrade enhancement geotextile must be either polyester or polypropylene.

Subgrade enhancement geotextile must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Subgrade Enhancement Geotextile
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirementa
		Class A1	Class A2	Class B1	Class B2	Class B3
Elongation at break, (percent)	ASTM D4632	<50	≥50	<50	<50	≥50
Grab breaking load, 1-inch grip in each direction, (min, lb)	ASTM D4632	250	160	--	320	200
Wide width tensile strength at 5 percent strain, (min, lb/ft)	ASTM D4595	--	--	2,000	--	--
Wide width tensile strength at ultimate strength, (min, lb/ft)	ASTM D4595	--	--	4,800	--	--
Tear strength, (min, lb)	ASTM D4533	90	60	--	120	80
Puncture strength, (min, lb)	ASTM D6241	500	310	620	620	430
Permittivity, (min, sec-1)	ASTM D4491	0.05	0.05	0.20	0.20	0.20
Apparent opening size, (min, inches)	ASTM D4751	0.012	0.012	0.024	0.012	0.012
UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent)	ASTM D4355	70	70	70	70	70
aValues are based on minimum average roll value in the weaker principal direction except apparent opening size is based on maximum average roll value.

96-1.02P Biaxial Geogrid

Geosynthetics used for biaxial geogrid must be a punched and drawn polypropylene material formed into an integrally formed biaxial grid.

Biaxial geogrid must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Biaxial Geogrid
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
Aperture size, (min and max, inch)a	Calipered	0.8-1.3 x 1.0-1.6
Rib thickness, (min, inch)	Calipered	0.04
Junction thickness, (min, inch)	Calipered	0.150
Tensile strength, 2% strain, (min, lb/ft)a	ASTM D6637	410 x 620
Tensile strength at ultimate, (min, lb/ft)a	ASTM D6637	1,310 x 1,970
UV resistance, retained tensile strength, 500 hours, (min, percent)	ASTM D4355	100
Junction strength, (min, lb/ft)a	ASTM D7737	1,220 x 1,830
Overall flexural rigidity, (min, mg-cm)	ASTM D7748	750,000
Torsional rigidity at 20 cm-kg, (min, mm-kg/deg)b	GRI GG9	0.65
aMachine direction x cross direction bGeosynthetic Research Institute, Test Method GG9, Torsional Behavior of Bidirectional Geogrids When Subjected to In-Plane Rotation

96-1.02Q Geosynthetic Bond Breaker

Geosynthetic bond breaker must be nonwoven; needle punched; not heat treated; polypropylene, polyethylene material.

Geosynthetic bond breaker material must comply with the requirements shown in the following table:

Geosynthetic Bond Breaker
Quality characteristic	Test method	Requirement
Mass per unit area, (min, oz/sq yd)	ASTM D5261	14.7
Thickness at 29 psi, (min, mm)	ASTM D5199	1.0
Tensile strength at ultimate, (min, lb/ft)	ASTM D4595	685
Elongation, (max, percent)	ASTM D4595	130
Permittivity at 2.9 psi, (min, m/s)	ASTM D5493	0.0001
Hydraulic transmissivity at 29 psi, (min, m/s)	ASTM D6574	0.0002
UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours, (min, percent)	ASTM D4355	60

96-1.02R–96-1.02Y Reserved

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