Quiz Standard 1 Answer Key



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Explanation:
The sun gets its heat and light energy from the fusion of hydrogen nuclei at its core. The other example all come from chemical energy - which deals with the electrons, and not the nucleus, of atoms.

8)

http://www.usatestprep.com/modules/gallery/files/5/586/586.jpg

The picture shown shows a practical application of



A)

magnetism.




B)

solar energy.




C)

nuclear energy.




D)

hydroelectric power.




E)

None of the above


Explanation:_Nuclear_power'>Explanation:
Nuclear power is used thoughout the world safely and efficiently. It makes up approximately 20% of the US production of electricity.

9) The carbon-14 isotope is important because it allows scientists to determine the ___________ of an organic sample.

A)

age




B)

density




C)

evolution




D)

mass




E)

None of the above


Explanation:
Carbon-14 is the radioactive isotope that is used to help determine the age of an organic sample. The older the sample, the more the sample will have decayed, and the less radioactive it will be.

10) Many of the technological advances over the last 50 - 75 years have been in the area of weaponry and warfare, such as atomic/nuclear weapons, radar, biological weapons, etc. These advances have both positive and negative aspects. Which statement describes a negative aspect of these advances?

A)

The advances in body armor protect individuals and prevent deaths that previously could not be prevented.




B)

Advances in communication and transportation have made it easier to prevent attacks and rescue those who need be rescued.




C)

Advances in satellite imagery have made desired targets easy to hit with little destruction of innocent life and property.




D)

The lingering radiation after detonation of atomic weapons destroys the land and continues to harm people and animals long after the blast.




E)

None of the above


Explanation:_Fusion'>Explanation:_Exposure_to_radiation_can_lead_to_disease_or_genetic_abnormalities;'>Explanation:
The lingering radiation after detonation of atomic weapons destroys the land and continues to harm people and animals long after the weapon is gone. The other choices are advances that have helped to prevent the loss of life and property.

11) There are many positive and negative aspects associated with nuclear power. Which is a negative aspect associated with nuclear power?

A)

Nuclear power is a renewable energy source.




B)

Nuclear power does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.




C)

It is more efficient than other methods of energy production.




D)

Exposure to radiation can lead to disease or genetic abnormalities.




E)

None of the above


Explanation:_The_half-life_for_Th-229,_based_on_the_chart,_is_7,340_years._This_means_that_if_you_started_with_20_pounds,_in_7,340_years,_you_would_be_left_with_half_that,_or_10_pounds.'>Explanation:
Exposure to radiation can lead to disease or genetic abnormalities; is the correct answer. The other choices are all pros for nuclear energy; while the "exposure to radiation can lead to disease or genetic abnormalities," is a con to nuclear energy.

12) Which process is occurring at the center of all active stars?

A)

fusion




B)

fission




C)

flatulation




D)

hydrogen decay




E)

None of the above


_Beta_>_Alpha'>Explanation:_Nuclear_power_produces_no_carbon_dioxide_emissions_unlike_coal_or_oil_power_production.'>Explanation:
Fusion occurs at the center of all active stars. In this process, hydrogen atoms combine and form helium. The energy that is released in this process is what eventually appears outside the window.

13) Where does the energy that the sun emits come from?

A)

It is an essential component of helium.




B)

It is converted from the loss of mass of hydrogen.




C)

It is created in the balance with the gravitational force.




D)

It has always been present, but the heat of the sun releases it.




E)

None of the above


Explanation:_Alpha_>_Beta_>_Gamma'>Explanation:
The energy from the sunis converted from the loss of mass of hydrogen. This is Einstein's formula, E=mc2, showing how mass is converted to energy. In fact, the sun loses over 8 BILLION pounds of mass every second.

14)

Thorium-229

Years

Amount

0

16

7340

8

14680

4

22020

2

29360

1

36700

0.5

Thorium-229 is a highly radioactive isotope used in the treatment of certain cancers. Use the chart to determine how much thorium would remain after 7,340 years if a sample began at 20 pounds of pure Th-229.



A)

0.5 pounds




B)

5 pounds




C)

8 grams




D)

10 pounds




E)

None of the above


Explanation:_Both_processes_produce_energy_from_mass.'>Explanation:
The half-life for Th-229, based on the chart, is 7,340 years. This means that if you started with 20 pounds, in 7,340 years, you would be left with half that, or 10 pounds.

15)

http://www.usatestprep.com/modules/gallery/files/17/1715/1715.jpg

If there are 50 grams of U-238 on day zero of radioactive decay, how much will there be after 4.5 billion years?



A)

0.0 grams




B)

10 grams




C)

25 grams




D)

50 grams




E)

None of the above


Explanation:
25 grams would remain after one half-life (4.5 billion years). Find the point where percent remaining is 50% and that will tell you it is one half-life.

16) What is one reason nuclear fuel is a positive alternative to fossil fuels for the creation of electrical energy?

A)

Nuclear power is much less hazardous than coal or oil power production.




B)

Nuclear power is much more widely available than coal or oil power production.




C)

Nuclear power produces no carbon dioxide emissions unlike coal or oil power production.




D)

Nuclear power does not require the use of natural resources like coal or oil power production.




E)

None of the above


Explanation:
Nuclear power produces no carbon dioxide emissions unlike coal or oil power production. When burned, all fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide in emissions. The cloudy substance seen emitted from nuclear cooling towers is steam.

17)

Alpha Particles
Beta Particles
Gamma Radiation

Put these different types of radiation in order from MOST to LEAST penetrating.

A)

Alpha > Beta > Gamma




B)

Gamma > Alpha > Beta




C)

Gamma > Beta > Alpha




D)

Beta > Gamma > Alpha




E)

None of the above


Explanation:
Gamma > Beta > Alpha is correct. Gamma particles are light and travel at the speed of light and penetrate deeply. Beta particles are similar to electrons and can penetrate a fraction of the way in to the skin. Alpha particles are slow and heavy and are usually stopped by air itself.

18)

Alpha Particles
Beta Particles
Gamma Radiation

Put these different types of radiation in order from HEAVIEST to LIGHTEST.

A)

Alpha > Beta > Gamma




B)

Gamma > Alpha > Beta




C)

Gamma > Beta > Alpha




D)

Beta > Gamma > Alpha




E)

None of the above


Explanation:
Alpha > Beta > Gamma is correct. Gamma particles are light and travel at the speed of light and penetrate deeply. Beta particles are similar to electrons and can penetrate a fraction of the way in to the skin. Alpha particles are slow and heavy and are usually stopped by air itself.

19) Many smoke detectors use americium-241 to detect very small particulates in the air. This is done by using a stream of radioactive particles that can be stopped by the small smoke particulate. Which type of radiation is MOST LIKELY used in a smoke detector, as it can be stopped by something this small?

A)

neutrons




B)

beta particles




C)

alpha particles




D)

gamma radiation




E)

None of the above


Explanation:
Alpha radiation is the slowest and lowest in energy. It can easily be stopped by a tiny particle of smoke.

20) What is one way that fission and fusion are similar?

A)

Both processes begin with uranium.




B)

Both processes produce energy from mass.




C)

Both processes break nuclei into smaller particles.




D)

Both processes are used to produce commercial electricity.




E)

None of the above


Explanation:
Both processes produce energy from mass. Both processes use Einstein's famous E=mc2 to produce energy from a loss of mass.

21)

http://www.usatestprep.com/modules/gallery/files/46/4627/4627.gif

Radioactive carbon, or C-14, is used to date fossil remains. When C-14 decays, as seen in the nuclear equation, it produces what nuclide of nitrogen?



A)

N-7




B)

N-13




C)

N-14




D)

N-15




E)

None of the above


Explanation:
When C-14 decays, it produces N-14. If you follow the rules of conservation of matter and add the mass numbers on both sides of the arrow, you see that the mass of nitrogen is 14 - 0 or 14.

22) Large amounts of energy are required in order to join two atom's nuclei into a single nucleus and, in turn, create a new element. What is the name of the process where two nuclei join to create a new element?

A)

combining




B)

elementium




C)

fission




D)

fusion




E)

None of the above



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