ENGLISH VOWEL PHONEMES
SHORT VOWELS
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e
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æ
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ɪ
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ə
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ʌ
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ʊ
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ɒ
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LONG VOWELS
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iː
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ɜː
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ɑː
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uː
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ɔː
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DIPH- THONGS
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ɪə ır
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ʊə ʊr
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eə er
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eɪ
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ɔɪ
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aɪ
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əʊ oʊ
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aʊ
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TRIPH-THONGS
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eɪə
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ɔɪə
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aɪə
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əʊə oʊə
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aʊə
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BRITISH /r/
EXAMPLES
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/r/ PRONOUNCED
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/r/ SILENT
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garden
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/ˈgɑːdn/
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pretty
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/ˈprɪti/
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car park
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/ˈkɑː ˌpɑːk/
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dirty
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/ˈdɜːti/
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write
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/raɪt/
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rock
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/rɒk/
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her English
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/hɜːr ˈɪŋglɪʃ/
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car engine
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/ˈkɑːr ˌendʒɪn/
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her Turkish
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/hɜː ˈtɜːkɪʃ/
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ALVEO–PALATALS = POST–ALVEOLARS = PALATO–ALVEOLARS
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If you stress every word or syllable equally, you sound angry, impatient or you give negative feelings...
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LINKING VOWEL to VOWEL
/ə r/ + a vowel
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/ˈeɪʃə r ən ˈjʊərəp/
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Asia and Europe
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/ɔː r/ + a vowel
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/wɔː r ən piːs/
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war and peace
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/uː w/ + a vowel
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/fjuː w æplz/
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few apples
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/uː w/ + a vowel
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/duː w ɪt/
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do it
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/aʊ w/ + a vowel
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/haʊ w ər/
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how are
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/əʊ w/ + a vowel
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/gəʊ w aʊt/
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go out
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/əʊ w/ + a vowel
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/gəʊ w əˈweɪ/
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go away
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/əʊ w/ + a vowel
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/nəʊ w ɪt/
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know it
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/eɪ y/ + a vowel
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/pleɪ y ɔːf/
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play off
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/aɪ y/ + a vowel
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/waɪ y ɪz/
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why is
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/eɪ y/ + a vowel
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/seɪ y ɪt/
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say it
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/ɔɪ y/ + a vowel
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/əˈnɔɪ y əs/
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annoy us
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SPEAKING FLUENTLY, SMOOTHLY and FASTER
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Linking consonant to vowel
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/riːdNraɪt/ read and write
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Linking vowel to vowel
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/pleɪYɔːf/ Play off
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Blending consonant to consonant
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/gʊDɪnər/ good dinner
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either
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/ˈaɪðəʳ/
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/ˈiːðər/
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neither
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/ˈnaɪðəʳ/
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/ˈniːðər/
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TOOTH-RIDGE = GUM RIDGE = ALVEOLAR
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VERB
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ADJECTIVE
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close
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/kləʊz/
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/kləʊs/
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ENGLISH
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TURKISH
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Key to learning English
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Key to learning Turkish
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/ə/
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‘ğ’
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All the vowel letters make /ə/
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‘ğ’ makes all the vowels long
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/ə/ is the heart of English
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/ğ/ is the heart of Turkish
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/ə/ = 5 English letters
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/ğ/ = 8 Turkish long vowels
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ENGLISH LONG VOWELS = TURKISH SHORT VOWELS
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‘We were given two ears but only one mouth, because listening is twice as hard as talking.’ (Larry Alan Nading)
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Approximately % 84 of English words are PHONETICALLY regular.
(Wiley Blevins, 1998)
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PHONEME
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CHARACTER = PERSONALITY
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LETTER
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PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
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read /red/
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said /sed/
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says /sez/
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Suffixes and prefixes help us predict stress in words.
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The /t/ is sounded like a quick /d/ when it is between vowel sounds.
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SEMI-VOWELS = SEMI-CONSONANTS = GLIDES
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‘w’ is a vowel when it is the middle or last letter of a syllable.
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‘w’ is a consonant sound when it is the first letter of a syllable.
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‘y’ is a vowel when it is the middle or last letter of a syllable.
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‘y’ is a consonant sound when it is the first letter of a syllable.
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‘w’ = short /ʊ/
If you keep /ʊ/ sound very short, /w/ = /ʊ/sound. /w/ sound is close to /ʊ/ sound. They are very similar.
/wi/ = /ʊi/ /wen/ = /ʊen/ /wɒt/ = /ʊɒt/ /wɪndəʊ/ = /'ʊɪndəʊ/
Spelling Pronunciation
-bow /baʊ/
-brown /braʊn/
-cow /kaʊ/
-down /daʊn/
-how /haʊ/
-now /naʊ/
-power /'paʊər/
-row /raʊw/
-shower /'ʃaʊər/
-towel /'taʊəl/
-tower /'taʊər/
-town /taʊn/
-vow /vaʊw/
-vowel /'vaʊəl/
-blow /bləʊw/
-elbow /'elbəʊw/
-grow /grəʊw/
-know /nəʊw/
-low /ləʊw/
-own /əʊn/
-show /ʃəʊw/
-slow /sləʊw/
-snow /snəʊw/
-throw /θrəʊw/
Long vowel with ‘w’
-blew /bluːw/
-chew /tʃuːw/
-drew /druːw/
-few /fjuːw/
-flew /fluːw/
-grew /gruːw/
-knew /njuːw/
-new /njuːw/
-threw /θruːw/
-bawl /bɔːl/
-dawn /dɔːn/
-draw /drɔːr/
-jaw /dʒɔːr/
-paw /pɔːr/
-raw /rɔːr/
-saw /sɔːr/
-strawberry /'strɔːbəri/
‘y’ = short /ɪ/
If you keep /ɪ/ sound very short, /j/ = /ɪ/ sound. /j/ sound is close to /ɪ/ sound. They are very similar.
/jes/ = /ɪes/ /jʌŋ/ = /ɪʌŋ/ /juː/ = /ɪuː/
Letters Sounds
-buy /baɪy/
-cry /kraɪy/
-deny /dɪ'naɪy/
-dry /draɪy/
-fry /fraɪy/
-guy /gaɪy/
-my /maɪy/
-rely /rɪlaɪy/
-reply /rɪ'plaɪy/
-satisfy /'sætɪsfaɪy/
-shy /ʃaɪy/
-sky /skaɪy/
-why /waɪy/
-away /ə'weɪy/
-bay /beɪy/
-day /deɪy/
-lay /leɪy/
-may /meɪy/
-monday /'mʌndiy/ /'mʌndeɪy/
-pay /peɪy/
-play /pleɪy/
-say /seɪy/
-stay /steɪy/
-way /weɪy/
-annoy /ə'nɔɪy/
-boy /bɔɪy/
-coy /kɔɪy/
-destroy /dɪ'strɔɪy/
-employ /ɪm'plɔɪy/
-enjoy /ɪn'dʒɔɪy/
-joy /dʒɔɪy/
-Joyce /dʒɔɪs/
-Roy /rɔɪy/
-toy /tɔɪy/
Turkish spelling and pronunciation
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plaj
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/pi'læj/
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pratik
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/pırɑ'tik/
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trafik
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/tırɑ'fik/
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plaket
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/pilæ'ket/
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plastik
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/pilæs'tik/
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prenses
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/piren'ses/
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planlı
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/pilæn'lı/
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program
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/purog'rɑm/
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problem
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/purob'lem/
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blöf
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/bü'löf/
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flört
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/fü'lört/
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cold-blooded
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/ˌkəʊld ˈblʌdɪd/
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ACCENTED SYLLABLES & BRITISH ‘R’
-absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/
-abstract /ˈæbstrækt/
-accent /ˈæksent/ /ˈæksənt/
-accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/
-according to /əˈkɔːdɪŋ tə/
-accurate /ˈækjərət/
-accusation /ˌækjʊˈzeɪʃn/
-acquisition /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/
-adequate /ˈædɪkwət/
-administration /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/
-admiration /ˌædməˈreɪʃn/
-admirer /ədˈmaɪərəʳ/
-admittance /ədˈmɪtns/
-adopted /əˈdɒptɪd/
-advanced /ədˈvɑːnst/
-adventure /ədˈventʃəʳ/
-advertise /ˈædvətaɪz/
-advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/
-adviser /ədˈvaɪzəʳ/
-affected /əˈfektɪd/
-affection /əˈfekʃn/
-afraid /əˈfreɪd/
-afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/
-aggressive /əˈgresɪv/
-alike /əˈlaɪk/
-all ˈright /ɔːl ˈraɪt/
-allegation /ˌæləˈgeɪʃn/
-allied /ˈælaɪd/
-allomorph /ˈæləmɔːf/
-allophone /ˈæləfəʊn/
-almost /ˈɔːlməʊst/
-already /ɔːlˈredi/
-also /ˈɔːlsəʊ/
-alternative /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/
-altogether /ˌɔːltəˈgeðəʳ/
-always /ˈɔːlweɪz/ /ˈɔːlwɪz/ /ˈɔːlwəz/
-amazed /əˈmeɪzd/
-analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/
-animation /ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn/
-annually /ˈænjuəli/
-any /ˈeni/
-any more /ˌeniˈmɔːʳ/
-anybody /ˈenibɒdi/
-anyone /ˈeniwʌn/
-anything /ˈeniθɪŋ/
-anyway /ˈeniweɪ/
-anywhere /ˈeniweəʳ/
-apparently /əˈpærəntli/
-appearance /əˈpɪərəns/
-application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/
-appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət/
-approximate /əˈprɒksɪmət/
-April /ˈeɪprəl/
-architecture /ˈɑːkɪtektʃəʳ/
-art /ɑːt/
-aspect /ˈæspekt/
-attraction /əˈtrækʃn/
-attractive /əˈtræktɪv/
-au pair /ˌəʊ ˈpeəʳ/
-audience /ˈɔːdiəns/
-aunt /ɑːnt/
-auxiliary /ɔːgˈzɪliəri/
-avalanche /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/
-award /əˈwɔːd/
-awful /ˈɔːfl/
-babysit /ˈbeɪbisɪt/
-bachelor /ˈbætʃələʳ/
-background /ˈbækgraʊnd/
-backward /ˈbækwəd/
-bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/
-baggage /ˈbægɪdʒ/
-ballerina /ˌbæləˈriːnə/
-bandage /ˈbændɪdʒ/
-bankrupt /ˈbæŋkrʌpt/
-barbecue /ˈbɑːbɪkjuː/
-barber /ˈbɑːbəʳ/
-bargain /ˈbɑːgən/
-bark /bɑːk/
-basically /ˈbeɪsɪkli/
-bathroom /ˈbɑːθrʊm/
-beard /bɪəd/
-beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/
-beautifully /ˈbjuːtɪfli/
-because /bɪˈkɒz/ /bɪˈkəz/
-behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjəʳ/
-belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/
-beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/
-besiege /bɪˈsiːdʒ/
-between /bɪˈtwiːn/
-bilabial /ˌbaɪˈleɪbiəl/
-bilingual /ˌbaɪˈlɪŋgwəl/
-birthday /ˈbɜːθdeɪ/
-biscuit /ˈbɪskɪt/
-bishop /ˈbɪʃəp/
-bitterly /ˈbɪtəli/
-blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/
-blind /blaɪnd/
-block /blɒk/
-blood /blʌd/
-blue /bluː/
-boast /bəʊst/
-bored /bɔːd/
-bottom /ˈbɒtəm/
-bowl /bəʊl/
-breast /brest/
-brilliant /ˈbrɪliənt/
-broad /brɔːd/
-broadcast /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/
-browse /braʊz/
-brutal /ˈbruːtl/
-Bulgaria /bʌlˈgeəriə/
-bullet /ˈbʊlɪt/
-calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/
-campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/
-cancel /ˈkænsl/
-candidate /ˈkændɪdət/
-capital /ˈkæpɪtl/
-captain /ˈkæptɪn/
-capture /ˈkæptʃəʳ/
-careless /ˈkeələs/
-careful /ˈkeəfl/
-carnival /ˈkɑːnɪvl/
-carpet /ˈkɑːpɪt/
-carton /ˈkɑːtn/
-castle /ˈkɑːsl/
-caution /ˈkɔːʃn/
-cause /kɔːz/
-century /ˈsentʃəri/
-certain /ˈsɜːtn/
-certificate /səˈtɪfɪkət/
-chairman /ˈtʃeəmən/
-chalk
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