Co-produced water and salt management (CSG) and mine water and salt management (coal mines)

4.3Co-produced water and salt management (CSG) and mine water and salt management (coal mines)

Sixty-six projects were identified with the primary theme of co-produced/mine water and salt management.

4.3.1Australia

Table 4. Project : Assessment of options for using coal seam gas water in the Central Condamine Alluvium - Business case

Project characteristics	Details
Project title	Assessment of options for using coal seam gas water in the Central Condamine Alluvium - Business case
Project location	Queensland, Australia
Principal investigator	Arup
Lead institution	Queensland Government Department of Environment and Resource Management
Project budget	This project was one component (Activity 8.3B) of the $5 million Healthy HeadWaters Coal Seam Gas Water Feasibility Study
Source of funding	Australian Government Water for the Future initiative
Project duration	Project completed April 2013
Current status	Completed
Project summary	This activity examined suitable governance arrangements for implementing and operating a substitution/injection scheme in the Central Condamine Alluvium. The report also reports on additional work on modelling the response of the aquifer to such a scheme.
Outputs	Healthy HeadWaters Coal Seam Gas Water Feasibility Study Business Case report < http://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/106017/act-8-3-cca-recharge-business-case.pdf>
Research themes	Co-produced/mine water
Project information source	UQ CCSG Online Portal, Queensland Government website

Table 4. Project : Coal seam gas, coal and agriculture - water implications

Project characteristics	Details
Project title	Coal seam gas, coal and agriculture - water implications
Project location	Australia
Principal investigator	Lauren Kaye
Lead institution	Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland
Project budget	Unknown
Source of funding	ACARP
Project duration	?-Oct 2012
Current status	Completed
Project summary	This document was commissioned by ACARP to improve the understanding of conflict for water resources between the established coal mining and agricultural sectors and the rapidly expanding Coal Seam Gas (CSG) industry.
Outputs	http://www.acarp.com.au/abstracts.aspx?repId=C21006
Research themes	Co-produced water, water impacts
Project information source	ACARP website

Table 4. Project : Chemicals associated with coal seam gas exploration: towards understanding their ecological risks

Project characteristics	Details
Project title	Chemicals associated with coal seam gas exploration: towards understanding their ecological risks
Project location	Australia
Principal investigator	Kookana, Rai; Batley, Graeme; Apte, Simon
Lead institution	Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Project budget	Unknown
Source of funding	Unavailable
Project duration	Unknown- literature output 2012
Current status	Unknown- literature output 2012
Project summary	To reduce dependence on fossil fuels and as a clean energy source, there is unprecedented interest worldwide in exploring the reserves of natural gas (e.g. coal seam gas and shale gas). In Australia, major expansions in natural gas exploration are currently occurring, for example in the Bowen and Surat Basins of Queensland. Technological advances now allow the industry to source gas reservoirs economically and efficiently through techniques such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as ‘fracking’. The fracking technique requires high pressure pumping of specially engineered fluids containing chemical additives and proppants into the exploration well. There is growing community concern about the potential environmental impact of such exploration activities, in particular the impacts of fracking chemicals on surface and groundwater resources. This presentation will present data from a review of the available published literature on fracking chemicals and attempt a screening level risk assessment of their potential ecological impacts on aquatic ecosystems, especially surface water receiving environments. There is a dearth of reliable data on what fracking chemicals are being used in Australia, as well as on their ecotoxicity, fate and environmental concentrations. For chemicals already listed as being used in Australia and internationally, those that are likely to pose the greatest environmental concerns have been identified. The presentation will highlight the current knowledge gaps that must be addressed to allow a sound understanding of the ecological risks of fracking chemicals in Australian environment. less
Outputs	Kookana et al. (2012). Chemicals associated with coal seam gas exploration: towards understanding their ecological risks. SETAC Australasia 2012. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: SETAC Australasia.
Key personnel	Kookana, Rai; Batley, Graeme; Apte, Simon
Research themes	Co-produced/mine water, hydraulic fracturing, water supplies, water dependent ecosystems
Project information source	Literature

Table 4. Project : CSIRO's Water for a Healthy Country Flagship

Project characteristics	Details
Project title	CSIRO's Water for a Healthy Country Flagship
Project location	Australia
Principal investigator	Batley, Graeme E.; Kookana, Rai S.
Lead institution	Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Project budget	Unknown
Source of funding	Unavailable
Project duration	Unknown- literature output 2012
Current status	Unknown- literature output 2012
Project summary	Coal seam gas reserves are likely to make a major contribution to future energy needs. However, the new technology for exploiting these reserves, termed hydraulic fracturing, raises several environmental issues.
Outputs	Batley and Kookana. (2012). Environmental issues associated with coal seam gas recovery: Managing the fracking boom. Environmental Chemistry. P.O. Box 1139, Collingwood, VIC 3066, Australia: CSIRO.
Key personnel	Batley, Graeme E.; Kookana, Rai S.
Contact	Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag 2007, Kirrawee NSW 2232, Australia
Research themes	Co-produced/mine water, hydraulic fracturing, water supplies
Project information source	Literature

Table 4. Project : Optimal reinjection strategies for the management of coal seam gas production water

Project characteristics	Details
Project title	Optimal reinjection strategies for the management of coal seam gas production water
Project location	Australia
Principal investigator	Janardhanan, Sreekanth; Moore, Catherine; Wolf, Leif
Lead institution	Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Project budget	Unknown
Source of funding	Unavailable
Project duration	Unknown- literature output 2012
Current status	Unknown- literature output 2012
Project summary	Environmental context Coal seam gas reserves are likely to make a major contribution to future energy needs. However, the new technology for exploiting these reserves, termed hydraulic fracturing, raises several environmental issues. We discuss the research required to assess the ecological risks from gas recovery. Abstract Coal seam gas reserves represent a major contribution to energy needs, however, gas recovery by hydraulic fracturing (fracking or fraccing), requires management to minimise any environmental effects. Although the industry is adapting where possible to more benign fracking chemicals, there is still a lack of information on exposure to natural and added chemicals, and their fate and ecotoxicity in both the discharged produced and flow-back waters. Geogenic contaminants mobilised from the coal seams during fracking may add to the mixture of chemicals with the potential to affect both ground and surface water quality. The research needs to better assess the ecological risks from gas recovery are discussed. © CSIRO 2012
Outputs	Janardhanan et al. (2012). Optimal reinjection strategies for the management of coal seam gas production water. 39th IAH Congress. Niagara Falls, Canada: International Association of Hydrogeologists.
Key personnel	Janardhanan, Sreekanth; Moore, Catherine; Wolf, Leif
Research themes	Co-produced/mine water, water dependent ecosystems
Project information source	Literature

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