Report guardian (UK): Smart businesses will act now to reduce their environmental impact



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Portugeese
Oglobo (Brazil): Mudança do clima oferece risco, mas também chance de inovação, diz ONU
21 Junho 2013
Empresas devem aproveitar oportunidade de desenvolver 'economia verde'.

Dados são de relatório do Pnuma, agência ambiental das Nações Unidas.


Temperaturas elevadas, tempestades vinculadas às mudanças climáticas e uma competição crescente por água e terra indicam tempos difíceis para o futuro dos negócios, mas também uma oportunidade para uma inovação rentável, informou a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) nesta sexta-feira (21).
Mencionando a destruição provocada pelas inundações na Austrália em 2010-2011, que custaram à seguradora Munich Re o montante de US$ 350 milhões e ao grupo de mineração Rio Tinto outros US$ 245 milhões, o informe diz que companhias não tiveram oportunidade de se adaptar.
"De eventos climáticos extremos a pressões crescentes sobre recursos naturais finitos, as mudanças no meio ambiente global aumentarão cada vez mais o impacto sobre custos operacionais, mercados para produtos, disponibilidade de materiais naturais e a reputação de negócios, do financeiro ao turístico, do sanitário ao de transportes", diz o documento do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente, o Pnuma.
"O futuro do setor privado dependerá cada vez mais da habilidade dos negócios em se adaptar ao meio ambiente em rápida transformação e para desenvolver bens e serviços capazes de reduzir os impactos das mudanças climáticas, da escassez hídrica, das emissões de produtos químicos nocivos e outras questões ambientais", acrescenta.

No setor do turismo, por exemplo, uma elevação de 1,4 ºC a 2,2 ºC nas temperaturas médias do inverno provavelmente representaria o fechamento de mais da metade dos resorts de esqui no nordeste dos Estados Unidos em 30 anos


Perdas no turismo

No setor do turismo, por exemplo, uma elevação de 1,4 ºC a 2,2 ºC nas temperaturas médias do inverno provavelmente representaria o fechamento de mais da metade dos resorts de esqui no nordeste dos Estados Unidos em 30 anos.


O relatório diz que as emissões de gases de efeito estufa, relacionados com o aquecimento global, devem dobrar nos próximos 50 anos, conduzindo a um aumento da temperatura média global de 3 ºC a 6 ºC até o final do século.
Risco de apagão

No que diz respeito à escassez hídrica, o documento destaca que as minas de platina no sistema do Rio Olifants, na África do Sul, terão aumentadas em dez vezes as cargas hídricas até 2020, ao competir com as comunidades locais pela commodity cada vez mais escassa.


A demanda global por eletricidade poderia ser até 70% maior em 2025 do que em 2009, continua o informe, indicado para ondas de calor mais frequentes associadas com a mudança climática afetando a confiabilidade da rede.
No ano passado, apagões no norte da Índia causadas por altas temperaturas e poucas chuvas deixaram milhões de pessoas sem energia por várias horas.
Oportunidade de crescimento econômico

Mas enquanto os riscos para os negócios são "significativos", eles também representam oportunidades únicas para empresas que aproveitarem a demanda crescente por tecnologia verde, investimentos e serviços, destacou o informe.


Mais de 80% do capital necessário para responder às mudanças climáticas devem vir do setor privado. "Isto pode resultar em oportunidades de investimentos significativos de 'economia verde' no setor financeiro para prédios verdes, tecnologia de eco-eficiência, transporte sustentável e outros produtos e infraestruturas de baixo carbono", destacou o Pnuma.
"Nas cidades, cerca de 60% da infraestrutura necessária para atender às necessidades da população urbana do mundo até 2050 ainda precisam ser construídas, apresentando oportunidades de negócios significativas para construções urbanas e reformas mais ecológicas", emendou.
Também haveria oportunidades no setor energético, com a expectativa de queda da proporção total do cavão na geração de energia de dois quintos para um terço até 2035, enquanto as renováveis subiriam de 20% para 31%, diz o informe. 'A descarbonização da eletricidade apresentará oportunidades para o setor para avançar nas tecnologias de energia renovável", aponta o relatório.
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Em (Brazil): Meio ambiente representa riscos e oportunidades para os negócios
21 Junho 2013
Temperaturas elevadas, tempestades vinculadas às mudanças climáticas e uma competição crescente por água e terra indicam tempos difíceis para o futuro dos negócios, mas também uma oportunidade para uma inovação rentável, informou a ONU esta sexta-feira.
Mencionando a destruição provocada pelas inundações na Austrália em 2010-2011, que custaram à seguradora Munich Re US$ 350 milhões e ao grupo de mineração Rio Tinto outros US$ 245 milhões, o informe diz que companhias não tiveram oportunidade de se adaptar.
"De eventos climáticos extremos a pressões crescentes sobre recursos naturais finitos, as mudanças no meio ambiente global aumentarão cada vez mais o impacto sobre custos operacionais, mercados para produtos, disponibilidade de materiais naturais e a reputação de negócios, do financeiro ao turístico, do sanitário ao de transportes", diz o documento do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente.
"O futuro do setor privado dependerá cada vez mais da habilidade dos negócios em se adaptar ao meio ambiente em rápida transformação e para desenvolver bens e serviços capazes de reduzir os impactos das mudanças climáticas, da escassez hídrica, das emissões de produtos químicos nocivos e outras questões ambientais", acrescenta.
No setor do turismo, por exemplo, uma elevação de 1,4 a 2,2 graus Celsius nas temperaturas médias do inverno provavelmente representaria o fechamento de mais da metade dos resorts de esqui no nordeste dos Estados Unidos em 30 anos.
O relatório diz que as emissões de gases de efeito estufa, relacionados com o aquecimento global, devem dobrar nos próximos 50 anos, conduzindo a um aumento da temperatura média global de 3 a 6 grau Celsius até o final do século.
No que diz respeito à escassez hídrica, o documento destaca que as minas de platina no sistema do Rio Olifants, na África do Sul, terão aumentadas em dez vezes as cargas hídricas até 2020, ao competir com as comunidades locais pela commodity cada vez mais escassa.
A demanda global por eletricidade poderia ser até 70% maior em 2025 do que em 2009, continua o informe, indicado para ondas de calor mais frequentes associadas com a mudança climática afetando a confiabilidade da rede.
No ano passado, apagões no norte da Índia causadas por altas temperaturas e poucas chuvas deixaram milhões de pessoas sem energia por várias horas.
Mas enquanto os riscos para os negócios são "significativos", eles também representam oportunidades únicas para empresas que aproveitarem a demanda crescente por tecnologia verde, investimentos e serviços, destacou o informe, intitulado "GEO-5 for Business: Impacts of a Changing Environment on the Corporate Sector".
Mais de 80% do capital necessário para responder às mudanças climáticas devem vir do setor privado.
"Isto pode resultar em oportunidades de investimentos significativos de 'economia verde' no setor financeiro para prédios verdes, tecnologia de eco-eficiência, transporte sustentável e outros produtos e infraestruturas de baixo carbono", destacou o Pnuma.
"Nas cidades, cerca de 60% da infraestrutura necessária para atender às necessidades da população urbana do mundo até 2050 ainda precisam ser construídas, apresentando oportunidades de negócios significativas para construções urbanas e reformas mais ecológicas", emendou.
Também haveria oportunidades no setor energético, com a expectativa de queda da proporção total do cavão na geração de energia de dois quintos para um terço até 2035, enquanto as renováveis subiriam de 20% para 31%, diz o informe.
"A descarbonização da eletricidade apresentará oportunidades para o setor para avançar nas tecnologias de energia renovável", destacou o Pnuma.
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German
Deutche Press Agenter-DPA: UN: Klimawandel bedeutet Risiko und Chance für Wirtschaft
21 Juni 2013
Klimawandel und Wasserknappheit sind nach einem Bericht des UN-Umweltprogramms (Unep) für Unternehmen Risiko und Chance zugleich.
London - Klimawandel und Wasserknappheit sind nach einem Bericht des UN-Umweltprogramms (Unep) für Unternehmen Risiko und Chance zugleich.
Einerseits müssten Firmen sich in den kommenden Jahren mit neuen Problemen durch extreme Wetterbedingungen oder den Rückgang von Rohstoffen auseinandersetzen, heißt es in der am Freitag in London vorgestellten Studie.
Andererseits könnten sie, wenn sie die richtigen Weichen stellten, zum Beispiel von der Entwicklung alternativer Energien oder umweltverträglicher Techniken ökonomisch profitieren. Laut Unep ist jede Branche anders betroffen:
- Baubranche: Steigende Energiepreise und Wasserknappheit werden zur immer größeren Herausforderung. Gleichzeitig steigt der Bedarf nach umweltverträglicheren Häusern und entsprechender Infrastruktur - ein Wachstumsgebiet für die Branche. Auch könnte es mehr Aufträge für Dämme oder Bauten, die extremen Wetterbedingungen standhalten, geben.
- Chemiebranche: Der Druck zum besseren Umgang mit Chemieabfällen wächst, zudem dürften die Regularien für die Branche schärfer werden. Wachstumsfelder sind Chemikalien, die zum Beispiel für energieeffizientes Licht oder zur Gewinnung erneuerbarer Energien sowie zur Wasseraufbereitung gebraucht werden.
- Strom: Bis zum Jahr 2035 könnte der weltweite Strombedarf dem Unep zufolge rund 70 Prozent über dem des Jahres 2009 liegen. Die Zukunft sieht der Bericht in erneuerbaren Energien.
- Finanzbranche: Versicherer müssen auf die wachsende Zahl der Katastrophen reagieren und entsprechende Produkte entwickeln, um profitabel zu bleiben.
- Essen und Trinken: Kaum eine andere Industrie ist laut Unep so anfällig für Umweltveränderungen. So können sich verändernde Wetterbedingungen die Anbaugebiete verschieben, zudem sinkt der Fischbestand in den Weltmeeren. Doch die Nachfrage nach ökologisch angebauten Lebensmitteln wächst dem Bericht zufolge, zudem könnten stärker Klima-resistente Lebensmittel Chancen bieten.
- Gesundheitsbranche: Ein Verlust an Artenvielfalt führt dazu, dass weniger Medikamente neu entdeckt werden. Die Nachfrage nach Medizin dürfte durch die steigende Luftverschmutzung und Krankheiten, die durch schmutziges Wasser ausgelöst werden, steigen.
- Tourismus: Extremes Wetter oder andere Veränderungen können das Aus für viele Touristenziele bedeuten. Immer mehr Menschen entscheiden sich jedoch für Natur- und Öko-Tourismus und sind auch bereit, mehr dafür zu zahlen.
- Transport: Strengere Abgas-Vorschriften und extremeres Wetter stellen die Branche vor Herausforderungen. Die Entwicklung von umweltfreundlichen Transportmöglichkeiten hat laut Unep jedoch Zukunft und wird unter anderem von den Regierungen unterstützt.
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Frankfurter Neue Press: UN: Klimawandel ist Risiko und Chance
21 Juni 2013
Klimawandel und Wasserknappheit sind nach einem Bericht des UN-Umweltprogramms (Unep) für Unternehmen Risiko und Chance zugleich.

London.
Einerseits müssten Firmen sich in den kommenden Jahren mit neuen Problemen durch extreme Wetterbedingungen oder den Rückgang von Rohstoffen auseinandersetzen, heißt es in der am Freitag in London vorgestellten Studie.


Andererseits könnten sie, wenn sie die richtigen Weichen stellten, zum Beispiel von der Entwicklung alternativer Energien oder umweltverträglicher Techniken ökonomisch profitieren. Laut Unep ist jede Branche anders betroffen:
- Baubranche: Steigende Energiepreise und Wasserknappheit werden zur immer größeren Herausforderung. Gleichzeitig steigt der Bedarf nach umweltverträglicheren Häusern und entsprechender Infrastruktur - ein Wachstumsgebiet für die Branche. Auch könnte es mehr Aufträge für Dämme oder Bauten, die extremen Wetterbedingungen standhalten, geben.
- Chemiebranche: Der Druck zum besseren Umgang mit Chemieabfällen wächst, zudem dürften die Regularien für die Branche schärfer werden. Wachstumsfelder sind Chemikalien, die zum Beispiel für energieeffizientes Licht oder zur Gewinnung erneuerbarer Energien sowie zur Wasseraufbereitung gebraucht werden.
- Strom: Bis zum Jahr 2035 könnte der weltweite Strombedarf dem Unep zufolge rund 70 Prozent über dem des Jahres 2009 liegen. Die Zukunft sieht der Bericht in erneuerbaren Energien.
- Finanzbranche: Versicherer müssen auf die wachsende Zahl der Katastrophen reagieren und entsprechende Produkte entwickeln, um profitabel zu bleiben.
- Essen und Trinken: Kaum eine andere Industrie ist laut Unep so anfällig für Umweltveränderungen. So können sich verändernde Wetterbedingungen die Anbaugebiete verschieben, zudem sinkt der Fischbestand in den Weltmeeren. Doch die Nachfrage nach ökologisch angebauten Lebensmitteln wächst dem Bericht zufolge, zudem könnten stärker Klima-resistente Lebensmittel Chancen bieten.
- Gesundheitsbranche: Ein Verlust an Artenvielfalt führt dazu, dass weniger Medikamente neu entdeckt werden. Die Nachfrage nach Medizin dürfte durch die steigende Luftverschmutzung und Krankheiten, die durch schmutziges Wasser ausgelöst werden, steigen.
- Tourismus: Extremes Wetter oder andere Veränderungen können das Aus für viele Touristenziele bedeuten. Immer mehr Menschen entscheiden sich jedoch für Natur- und Öko-Tourismus und sind auch bereit, mehr dafür zu zahlen.
- Transport: Strengere Abgas-Vorschriften und extremeres Wetter stellen die Branche vor Herausforderungen. Die Entwicklung von umweltfreundlichen Transportmöglichkeiten hat laut Unep jedoch Zukunft und wird unter anderem von den Regierungen unterstützt
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Focus (Germany): UN- Klimawandel bedeutet Risiko und Chance für Wirtschaft
21 Juni 2013
Klimawandel und Wasserknappheit sind nach einem Bericht des UN-Umweltprogramms (Unep) für Unternehmen Risiko und Chance zugleich.

Einerseits müssten Firmen sich in den kommenden Jahren mit neuen Problemen durch extreme Wetterbedingungen oder den Rückgang von Rohstoffen auseinandersetzen, heißt es in der am Freitag in London vorgestellten Studie.


Andererseits könnten sie, wenn sie die richtigen Weichen stellten, zum Beispiel von der Entwicklung alternativer Energien oder umweltverträglicher Techniken ökonomisch profitieren. Laut Unep ist jede Branche anders betroffen:
– Baubranche: Steigende Energiepreise und Wasserknappheit werden zur immer größeren Herausforderung. Gleichzeitig steigt der Bedarf nach umweltverträglicheren Häusern und entsprechender Infrastruktur – ein Wachstumsgebiet für die Branche. Auch könnte es mehr Aufträge für Dämme oder Bauten, die extremen Wetterbedingungen standhalten, geben.
– Chemiebranche: Der Druck zum besseren Umgang mit Chemieabfällen wächst, zudem dürften die Regularien für die Branche schärfer werden. Wachstumsfelder sind Chemikalien, die zum Beispiel für energieeffizientes Licht oder zur Gewinnung erneuerbarer Energien sowie zur Wasseraufbereitung gebraucht werden.
– Strom: Bis zum Jahr 2035 könnte der weltweite Strombedarf dem Unep zufolge rund 70 Prozent über dem des Jahres 2009 liegen. Die Zukunft sieht der Bericht in erneuerbaren Energien.
– Finanzbranche: Versicherer müssen auf die wachsende Zahl der Katastrophen reagieren und entsprechende Produkte entwickeln, um profitabel zu bleiben.
– Essen und Trinken: Kaum eine andere Industrie ist laut Unep so anfällig für Umweltveränderungen. So können sich verändernde Wetterbedingungen die Anbaugebiete verschieben, zudem sinkt der Fischbestand in den Weltmeeren.

Doch die Nachfrage nach ökologisch angebauten Lebensmitteln wächst dem Bericht zufolge, zudem könnten stärker Klima-resistente Lebensmittel Chancen bieten.


– Gesundheitsbranche: Ein Verlust an Artenvielfalt führt dazu, dass weniger Medikamente neu entdeckt werden. Die Nachfrage nach Medizin dürfte durch die steigende Luftverschmutzung und Krankheiten, die durch schmutziges Wasser ausgelöst werden, steigen.
– Tourismus: Extremes Wetter oder andere Veränderungen können das Aus für viele Touristenziele bedeuten. Immer mehr Menschen entscheiden sich jedoch für Natur- und Öko-Tourismus und sind auch bereit, mehr dafür zu zahlen.

– Transport: Strengere Abgas-Vorschriften und extremeres Wetter stellen die Branche vor Herausforderungen. Die Entwicklung von umweltfreundlichen Transportmöglichkeiten hat laut Unep jedoch Zukunft und wird unter anderem von den Regierungen unterstützt.


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OTHER NEWS

CNN (US): Elephant killings surge as tusks fund terror
20 June 2013

The accelerating pace of the slaughter of elephants for their tusks has put African elephants at catastrophic risk in the coming decades. To make matters worse, some of the region's most notorious armed groups are taking tusks to finance their atrocities.


The Somali terrorists of al-Shabaab, the Sudanese government-supported janjaweed militia that has been responsible for much of the violence during the Darfur genocide, and the Lord's Resistance Army, which has kidnapped hundreds of boys and girls across central Africa to be fighters and sex slaves, are participating in this illegal trade.
These groups typically kill elephants using the automatic weapons that they also use to kill people. And as the militants become more involved in the poaching business, they apply the same lack of discrimination in killing elephants that they have demonstrated with their human victims. For example, poachers thought to be janjaweed from Sudan, working with Chadians, allegedly killed at least 86 elephants, including calves and 33 pregnant females, over the course of a week.
The International Fund for Animal Welfare found that at least 400 elephants were slaughtered between January and March 2012 at the Bouba Ndjida National Park in Cameroon. Animal rights groups say poaching is worse than it's been in decades. They say it may be even worse than it was in the 1980s, before the international ban on ivory was put in place.
Watch: Fighting the Lord's Resistance Army slaughter of elephants
Typically, the elephants are killed only for their tusks. Poachers often hack off their trunks first and then their tusks with hacksaws and machetes, and leave the bodies to rot. Some Lord's Resistance Army groups have reportedly eaten the meat of some of the elephants they have killed, which is not surprising given their frequent hand-to-mouth existence in the bush.
This appalling reality presents an opportunity for conservation groups and anti-atrocity and human rights groups to join forces to combat the threat posed to people and elephants by these armed groups.
Achim Steiner, U.N. undersecretary general and the U.N. Environment Program's executive director, said, "The surge in the killing of elephants in Africa and the illegal taking of other listed species globally threatens not only wildlife populations but the livelihoods of millions who depend on tourism for a living and the lives of those wardens and wildlife staff who are attempting to stem the illegal tide."
According to a report released in March 2013 by UNEP, 17,000 elephants in monitored reserves were killed in 2011. The toll climbed in 2012. The number of elephants killed for their tusks has exploded in recent years because of high prices from rising global demand for ivory, particularly in China and Thailand. The pace of killing outstrips wild elephants' natural reproductive replacement rate.
Armed groups take advantage of the increasing value of ivory to fund their atrocities. Their fighters have the training and weapons to kill large numbers of elephants and trade their tusks for arms, ammunition and food. The Enough Project and the Satellite Sentinel Project recently released a report focused on the LRA's poaching of elephant tusks in the Democratic Republic of Congo's Garamba National Park. The LRA, whose leader Joseph Kony is the subject of an arrest warrant from the International Criminal Court for war crimes and crimes against humanity, has for decades terrorized the people of central Africa. Other groups, such as al-Shabaab and the janjaweed, seem to have made similar calculations.
Ivory poaching for profit by armed groups is not new. In the 1970s, according to University of London researcher Keith Sommerville, the South African military partly funded its support of white Rhodesian forces fighting African rebel groups through revenue from the killing of elephants in Rhodesia, which was then legal. Rebels in Angola and Mozambique, also supported by South Africa, took tusks and sold them through South Africa.
Both poaching and armed groups such as the LRA arise from a vacuum of governance. Indeed, The New York Times correspondent Jeffrey Gettleman and others say that members of the armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda have participated in the illegal ivory trade as well.
Only effective local, national, and transnational action can stop this horror. Anti-atrocity groups such as the Enough Project can advocate for actions to shut off the demand for ivory in Asia. Conservation groups could broaden their focus to include efforts to end wars that have created a symbiotic relationship between ivory poaching and civilian suffering. Both types of organizations should emphasize the longer-term requirement for effective governance to lessen the likelihood of war and ivory poaching.
Joint and parallel action could tap activist organizations, increase the pressure on policymakers for action and broaden the knowledge about both of these problems among those who previously had focused on only one.
The combined efforts of conservation and human rights groups could spur the efforts of governments and international organizations to slow the destruction of the African elephant and free the people of east and central Africa from the threat of Joseph Kony and his ilk. This could be the start of a beautiful friendship, one that could help stop the massacre of both humans and animals in Africa.
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Deutsche Welle (Germany): Kyoto Protocol comes into force in Afghanistan

Media Coverage in other languages
14 June 2013

Afghanistan joined the Kyoto Protocol in April. This came into force this week. The country is one of the most vulnerable to climate change worldwide.


The smog over the Afghan capital Kabul is visible kilometers away. There is a thick layer of dust on buildings and cars. People cannot breathe easily and often use scarves or masks to prevent the fine dust from getting in.
There are few green spaces in Kabul and there is no sophisticated sewage system. Instead most household waste flows in open drains alongside roads.
Afghanistan's National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) says some 3,000 inhabitants die annually from respiratory diseases.
The average particulate matter (PM) count is 190 - much higher than in the Chinese capital Beijing where it is 121 on average according to the World Health Organization.

Smokes rise from a brick factory in Kabul, Afghanistan (Ahmad Massoud)(dtf) Kabul is thick with smog


For a green future
By joining the Kyoto Protocol, the "country has come one step further in the fight against climate change," said Ghulam Hassan Amiry, the head of the climate change department at NEPA. He added that although Afghanistan had observed the protocol unofficially before and had been represented at international climate conferences, by signing it officially, "we can benefit from financial support."
Christoph Bals from the environment NGO Germanwatch agreed: "The main factors driving Afghanistan to sign the Kyoto Protocol are certainly the fight against the environmental damage caused by climate change and the support it receives in so doing. He pointed out that Afghanistan's joining would not have any worldwide impact but the move showed the government was on the right track. “It also shows how vulnerable Afghanistan is because of the consequences of climate change and that people are now beginning to reflect upon it."
The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) says that since 1989 over 6.7 million Afghans have been affected by disasters and extreme weather events such as drought, earthquakes, epidemic diseases, sandstorms and harsh winters.
The fact that the glaciers of the Himalayas are melting is also creating great problems such as extreme drought. Up to 80 percent of Afghans depend directly on natural resources for income and sustenance. Agriculture provides livelihoods for over 60 percent of the population.

An elder Afghan man carries opium poppies EPA/TIAGO PETINGA +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++ Drought is harming agriculture


Almost four decades of war have only exacerbated the damage caused by climate change.
Ghulam Hassan Amiry says there is a great deal to be done especially as environmental protection only really became an issue a few years ago: "We don't have a sewage system and no recycling. Our natural water resources are almost depleted. Afghanistan does not have the means to solve these problems and yet they are extreme hindrances to the country's development."
First step towards a national plan
Air pollution is particularly high in Afghanistan's big cities. Elsewhere it is actually quite low because there has not been much industrialization. According to the World Bank, Afghanistan has one of the world's lowest carbon emissions rate per person, at 0.2 tonnes per capita only. However, the impact of climate change is very tangible in the South Asian country, says Ghulam Hassam Amiry. In the past 10 years, the average temperature has risen by 0.13 degrees.
Classed as a developing country, Afghanistan does not have to adopt any binding emission targets. However, it does have to draw up a plan to reduce greenhouse gases, by developing a low carbon energy and transport system.
The UN provides support for the development of solar, wind and other renewable energy sources.

'The people's cooperation is needed to protect the environment.'


A new environment institute in Kabul is set to raise awareness about these issues and teach people how to find solutions. "We need the people's cooperation to protect the environment," says Amiry. "First, we have to create a culture of environment protection in the Afghan society."
Afghanistan also suffers the effects of high carbon emissions from neighboring Iran and Pakistan which have both signed the Kyoto protocol. Noorullah Kaleem from the ministry of foreign affairs, says that banned fuels and gases often end up in Afghanistan because the borders are so porous. "We've had many discussions with our neighbors and these will continue but so far the delegation has not had any results."

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