Resource Letter PhD-2: Physics Demonstrations expanded version


Chemical Demonstrations : A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Volume 1, Bassam Z. Shakhashiri (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, first edition, 1983)



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Chemical Demonstrations : A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Volume 1, Bassam Z. Shakhashiri (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, first edition, 1983)

  • Chemical Demonstrations : A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Volume 2, Bassam Z. Shakhashiri (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, first edition, 1985)

  • Chemical Demonstrations : A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Volume 3, Bassam Z. Shakhashiri (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, first edition, 1989)

  • Chemical Demonstrations : A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Volume 4, Bassam Z. Shakhashiri (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, first edition, 1992)

  • Chemical Demonstrations : A Handbook for Teachers of Chemistry, Volume 5, Bassam Z. Shakhashiri with Rodney Schreiner and Jerry Bell (University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, first edition, 2011).

    These five volumes, containing a total of about 2000 demonstrations, are the most extensive set of books of chemistry demonstrations. Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Wisconsin, was Assistant Director of the National Science Foundation for Science and Engineering Education from 1984 to 1990. The first four volumes are written more for chemistry teachers, while the fifth volume, with its focus largely light and color, is also aimed more at the general population of chemistry demonstration lovers. It has sections on the eye and chemical processes in the human visual system. I have found this series very useful in helping to explain many physics demonstrations that are also used in chemistry, in offering alternate ways to present and to discuss the demonstrations. Educational Innovations sells these Shakhashiri books as well as eleven videos of his annual chemistry demonstration program, “Once Upon a Christmas Cheery in the Lab of Shakhashiri.” I recommend these books as part of your demonstration library. (E)


    1. Physical Principles of Electricity and Magnetism, R. W. Pohl, translated into English by Winifred M. Deans (Glasgow, Blackie, and Son, London, 1930).

    2. Physical Principles of Mechanics and Acoustics, R. W. Pohl, translated into English by Winifred M. Deans (Glasgow, Blackie, and Son, London, 1932).

    3. Einführung in die Physik, Robert Wichard Pohl (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1930-present). These books, in the original German, comprise a three-volume series that describes many of the demonstrations using the classic equipment available from Klinger Educational Equipment up through the 1980s. Although this equipment is largely no longer available, the quality of the equipment and the related literature is so substantial that the books are well worth reading if you have reasonable familiarity with German. At least two of the books have been translated into English, as listed above. (E,I)

    4. Novel Experiments in Physics – a selection of laboratory notes now used in colleges and universities, Walter R. French, Jr., John G. King, Harry F. Meiners, W. C. Kelly, H. V. Neher, Alan M. Portis, Howard P. Stabler, Allan M. Sachs (Sponsored by the Committee on Apparatus for Educational Institutions of the American Association of Physics Teachers, Published by the American institute of Physics, New York, 1964). This 450 page book contains reprints and preprints of articles from the American Journal of Physics as well as less formal laboratories used at a number of universities in the U.S. While this book describes use of equipment in laboratories at the level of engineering physics, much of the equipment is useful at this time as classroom demonstrations. About eighty experiments are included, each including drawings or pictures, circuit diagrams where appropriate, and excellent information and analysis of the experiment. (I)

    5. Novel Experiments in Physics II – a selection of laboratory notes now used in colleges and universities, F. E. Christensen, Ronald Bergsten, Sabinus H. Christensen, Ernest Coleman, Harold A. Daw, Robert H. Johns, and John H. Miller III (Sponsored by the Committee on Apparatus, American Association of Physics Teachers, Stony Brook, New York, 1975). This is a continuation, by popular demand, of the first Novel Experiments in Physics, published in 1964. The second book is about 500 pages in length and contains an additional 45 experiments. (I)

    6. Experiments in Physics, second edition, Wallace A. Hilton (William Jewell College, Liberty, Missouri, first edition, 1967, second edition, 1971). This book contains descriptions of about forty experiments useful in laboratories at William Jewell College; many of the experiments are very useful as lecture demonstrations in either engineering or non-calculus physics classes. Each experiment includes photographs of the apparatus (some of which use outdated equipment) as well as nice analyses, which are useful in preparing lectures in which the experiment would be carried out as a demonstration. Experiments include mechanics, heat, sound, electricity and magnetism, optics, and atomic and nuclear physics. (I)

    7. Physics Experiments and Projects: Volume 1. Properties of Materials, W. Bolton (Pergamon Press, Ltd., Oxford, England, 1968).

    8. Physics Experiments and Projects: Volume 2. Waves and Particles, W. Bolton (Pergamon Press, Ltd., Oxford, England, 1968).

    9. Physics Experiments and Projects: Volume 3. Atomic Physics, W. Bolton (Pergamon Press, Ltd., Oxford, England, 1968).

    10. Physics Experiments and Projects: Volume 4. Electricity, W. Bolton (Pergamon Press, Ltd., Oxford, England, 1968).

    The above set of four small books was written to guide students at the High Wycombe College of Technology and Art in a discovery type physics laboratory course: After going through the experiments, the theory evolves as a discussion of the results. The descriptions are short and sketchy, with the student laboratories preceded by a brief classroom discussion of the physical concept. The experiments are neat, and the format is similar to but less detailed than the physics “inquiry” manuals now being used in many laboratories. These labs would certainly serve as a good set of ideas for inquiry learning laboratories at the intermediate level, and would also be useful in suggesting inquiry learning ideas for classroom demonstrations. (E)

    1. Demonstrations and Experiments for Physics, John M. Fowler (Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 1964). This is a very thoughtfully done summary of materials used for a new two-year general physics course at Washington University, carried out with an NSF grant by John M. Fowler and E. D. Lambe from 1962-1964. It includes a number of nice demonstrations, including a relatively inexpensive phase-locked six-harmonic Fourier synthesizer, along with labs and other areas for discussion. Professor Fowler was important in the early development of the American Association of Physics Teachers and the Commission on College Physics. (E)

    2. The Lloyd William Taylor Manual of Advanced undergraduate Experiments in Physics, Thomas Benjamin Brown, Editor-in-Chief (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading Massachusetts, 1959). This book includes experiments in virtually all areas of physics at the upper undergraduate level. Many of the experiments are readily adopted to demonstrations, and can be used in lower level physics courses, and the book is also very useful in understanding the experiment in depth without going to a graduate or post-graduate text. Explanations include lots of drawings, with equations when appropriate. (I)

    3. Experiments in Physics, sixth edition, Leonard Rose Ingersoll, Miles Jay Martin, and Theodore Alton Rouse (McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1953). This book includes discussions of about 80 upper level physics experiments, along with an informative section on physics apparatus in general. Areas covered are A. mechanics, B. Heat, C. Electricity and Magnetism, D. Wave Motion and Sound, and E. Light. Many of these experiments are useful as lecture demonstrations, and the book provides helpful insight into the background and uses of the devices, generally at the level of engineering physics. (I)

    4. Apparatus Drawings Project, Robert G. Marcle, Sponsored jointly by the American Association of Physics Teachers and the American Institute of Physics (Plenum Press, New York, 1962). This is an excellent, but dated, book with drawings and suggestions for construction of thirty experiments. Although the tube type electronics is now virtually obsolete, this book does illustrate the care and thought process that must go into the design and fabrication of a demonstration to achieve its greatest impact. Many of the demonstrations remain basics for a well rounded demonstration facility. This book provides a good template for development of quality demonstrations, so a modern version of this book would be an excellent contribution to the demonstration community. (I)

    5. Building Scientific Apparatus, John H. Moore, Christopher C. Davis, and Michael A. Coplan (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts, 1983). This book contains a large number of basic hints about parts and materials with which you must be familiar if you build demonstration apparatus from scratch. Included in its 480 plus pages are sections on virtually every technique required to construct demonstrations, which would be especially helpful for those with limited access to experienced machinists and technicians. Also included are hints about how to get the most out of your apparatus once it is built, including handling of noise and other electrical issues. These topics are discussed as part of a more general discussion of several issues, such as vacuum technology, optical systems, and data acquisition, with a lot of physics thrown in. If you are developing demonstrations in one of the areas discussed, it is worth reviewing. (I,A)

    6. The Overhead Projector in the Physics Lecture, Walter Eppstein (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 1962) This short booklet, an internal publication of RPI, was written by a professor obviously very adept at the using the overhead projector and very clever at developing some of the early demonstrations using it. Although it is largely out of date, small demonstrations sold by some of the current Japanese manufactures are bringing back use of the overhead projector. In some demonstration facilities it is actually emerging as a more useful and less expensive device to provide simple demonstrations in large lecture halls. (E)

    7. Optics Demonstrations with the Overhead Projector, Douglas S. Goodman (Optical Society of America, 2000). This is a substantial spiral-bound book with 350 pages, showing that use of the overhead projector in physics teaching is still alive and well. It contains a large number of interesting demonstrations covering most areas of classical optics; because the equipment can be small compared with lecture-size apparatus, cost and storage can be minimized. The Optical Society of America and SPIE, an international society advancing light-based research and education, sponsor a number of efforts in teaching of optics, including workshops and publications at all levels. (E,I)

    8. “Science and Fun in a ‘Magic Show of Light,’” in Optical Demonstrations on an Overhead Projector for elementary school students, Joe J. Lones, Nadezhda K. Maltseva, and Kurt N. Peterson, (SPIE, 2007). This is a very detailed and informative article describing use of the book Optics Demonstrations with the Overhead Projector in presenting a program for elementary school students. On the web at: http://spie.org/etop/2007/etop07workshopsI.pdf (E)

    9. Experiments and Demonstrations in Physics: Bar-ilan Physics Laboratory, Yaakov Kraftmakher (World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 2006). The author describes demonstrations and laboratories at the Bar-ilan University. With over 500 pages, this is a relatively complete book, using mostly Pasco Scientific equipment for both lecture demonstrations and laboratories. Also included is a section on student projects. A paperback is available. (E,I)

    10. Physics in 700 Experiments, Michael J. Higatsberger, Translated from the original German by Peter D. Potter (Blick in die Welt, Frankfurt, Germany, 1981). This book includes 713 physics experiments covering most areas of physics. It is unique in that it provides interesting variants of the experiments, such as determination of the caloric value of nutrients, and applications that are generally left out of most texts of this type, but make the concepts really relevant and very interesting. If you want mainstream concepts, with interesting asides and some different ideas for illustrating these concepts, both for the demonstrations that you use in your teaching and in your physics demonstration programs, you will get lots of ideas from this book. (I)

    11. 700 Science Experiments for Everyone – Revised and Enlarged Edition, compiled by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, New York, 1956, 1962). This book contains 700 experiments in science, many of which deal with physics. The expressed purposes of the book include teacher training, sourcebook for science teachers, basis for workshop study in science teaching, and ideas for assembling a collection of science materials and kits. As such, it contains a substantial section on sources of materials, and a section on the psychology of science teaching and learning. The demonstration descriptions are short, and explanations of the science are generally not included. (E)

    12. Turning the World Inside Out and 174 Other Simple Physics Demonstrations, Robert Erlich (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1990). This book describes classroom demonstrations that can be developed and performed in class, even at the University level, with a minimum of effort and expense. Many of these are ways to do classic demonstrations in a simpler way, or adding some interesting sidebar to the demonstration. Erlich discusses his philosophy of demonstrations, gives an extensive table showing how you can keep down the cost of the equipment, and generally provides commentary on the experiments. Lots of reference material is presented, along with tips for use of the demonstrations in class. (E)

    13. Why Toast Lands Jelly-Side Down: Zen and the Art of Physics Demonstrations, Robert Erlich (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1997). This book describes how to design and build your own physics demonstrations equipment, the Erlich provides a large section on his philosophy of what makes a good (or bad) demonstration and how demonstrations can be used most effectively in class. After a thorough 20-page discussion of philosophy, Erlich uses the next 170 pages to describe demonstrations that he has constructed and used following his philosophy. He also provides a nice bibliography of physics demonstration books. Both of Professor Erlich’s books are well worth having available for teaching ideas. (E)

    14. Clouds in a Glass of Beer: Simple Experiments in Atmospheric Physics, Craig F. Bohren (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1987). This book is a compilation of demonstrations that Professor Bohren developed while teaching a university course in meteorology, and was revised from various publications that he wrote with a co-author between 1981 and 1987. While the demonstrations are generally useful at the elementary physics level, the depth into which the explanations go and the sophistication of some of the concepts involved make the book useful for discussions even at the graduate physics level. No matter the level, you will find this book very interesting and challenging. (I)

    15. The Complete Collection of THE AMATEUR SCIENTIST on CD-ROM: Science Fair Edition (Bright Science; CDR edition, 2006). This outstanding CD-ROM contains all of the Amateur Scientist articles from the 1950s through 1999, including articles by Albert Ingalls, C. L. Stong, Jearl Walker, and Forrest Mims, and the complete Amateur Scientist article index from 1928 to 1999. If you are interested in possible science fair projects, or just interested in reading about interesting physics, this is an excellent place to start. (E)

    16. The Flying Circus of Physics With Answers, Jearl Walker (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1977). Note: an earlier version without answers was published in 1975. This is a collection of over 600 “questions” regarding the application of physics concepts to things that most of us experience at one time or another in our daily lives. Although many of the questions are rather complicated, important physical laws and ideas can be identified as relevant or critical in their explanation; this book guides us in our inquiry regarding these phenomena. It includes short answers for each problem, backed up by over 1600 references from physics and other journals. This is an excellent source of ideas for discussion, among parents and children, curious people of all ages, and teachers trying to interest their students in physics and show how physics is relevant to the real world. This book should be in every physicist’s library. (E, I)

    17. Ink Sandwiches, Electric Worms, and 37 Other Experiments for Saturday Science, Neil A. Downie (The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 2003). This unusual book contains 39 unusual, perhaps even off-beat physics and engineering demonstrations, organized into twelve sections that the author has used in an educational outreach program called the Saturday Activity Centre. Each demonstration discussion contains nice sketches and/or electrical circuit drawings, along with a description of the demonstration, explanation of the science involved, hints for using it successfully, references, and a clever quote that you can use in your accompanying PowerPoint slide show. This book is worth having for the uniqueness of its ideas. You will have to read the book to find out what an ink sandwich is. (I)

    18. Physics Can Be Fun, Y. Perelman, translated from the Russian by Arthur Shkarovsky (Mir Publishers, 1986). This unique book has many experiments that you can carry out without lots of equipment, with lots of very interesting applications of the basic ideas to historical issues, with chapters on a variety of physics concepts that we meet in everyday life. Some of these topics include extrapolations of the basic concepts to include illusions, perpetual motion machines, and tricks that were used to verify religious “miracles” in bygone ages. (I)

    19. 101 Classroom Demonstrations and Experiments for Teaching Physics, David Kutliroff (Parker Publishing Company, Inc., West Nyack New York, 1975) David Kutliroff has collected the most effective and reliable physics demonstrations from his experience as a high school physics teacher and his work on the staff of the Summer Institutes for High School Physics Teachers at Rutgers University, making use of equipment normally found in the average high school physics supply room. He includes hints on how to use the demonstrations most effectively and some of the issues that might arise in their use. The book is well illustrated and includes a nice index. (E)

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