Questions 34 through 44 are based on the following passage.
Was the Hoax a Hoax?
For an hour on the evening of October 30, 1938, Orson Welles and other performers from the Mercury Theatre flooded the airwaves with alarming “news bulletins” about a Martian invasion supposedly occurring in Grover’s Mill, New Jersey. They were performing a radio play adapted from The War of the Worlds, a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells. The next day, a frontpage [Q34] headline in the New York Times declared, “Radio Listeners in Panic, Taking War Drama as Fact.” [Q35] The Times article claimed that people had fled their homes and that police stations had been swamped with calls. This version of events persisted, and the legend became that Welles’s broadcast had as many as twelve million people [Q36] who feared that Martians had invaded Earth.
Recently, however, scholars have questioned the accuracy of this legend, suggesting the degree of public hysteria has been grossly exaggerated. The authors of an article published in October 2013 go [Q37] so far to assign blame for the distortion to the newspaper industry. [Q38] At this time, Jefferson Pooley and Michael Socolow, both professors of communication studies, argue that the newspaper industry sought to discredit the newly emerging technology of radio, which was cutting into newspapers’ [Q39] profits. The newspaper industry tried to do this by portraying the new medium as irresponsible.
Proof of ulterior motives is scarce, [Q40] consequently weakening Pooley and Socolow’s argument. For instance, the C. E. Hooper ratings indicate that a mere 2 percent of households had tuned in to the broadcast. Pooley and Socolow also call into question the validity of an oftcited report that was based on a survey conducted six weeks after the broadcast. Just because some people found the broadcast unsettling, the authors contend, doesn’t mean they believed it and reacted with real terror. According to this report, one million people indicated that they had been “frightened” by the broadcast. Ratings, however, reveal that [Q41] far fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast. Furthermore, Pooley and Socolow note that this survey “conflated being ‘frightened,’ ‘disturbed,’ or ‘excited’ by the program with being ‘panicked.’” [Q42]
Pooley and Socolow describe a more likely scenario: most people who heard the broadcast understood they were listening to a piece of fiction, but [Q43] some being influenced by the sensationalized news coverage afterward, later “remembered” being more afraid than they had been. The researchers also suggest that, [Q44] not unlike people who got caught up in the excitement of the story when reading about it in the newspaper, the American public may have been willing to embrace the legend because of its appeal to the imagination.
Question 34.
A. NO CHANGE (headline in the New York Times declared,)
B. headline in the New York Times, declared
C. headline, in the New York Times declared,
D. headline, in the New York Times, declared
Answer choices in context:
Begin skippable content.
A. The next day, a frontpage headline in the New York Times declared, “Radio Listeners in Panic, Taking War Drama as Fact.”
B. The next day, a frontpage headline in the New York Times, declared “Radio Listeners in Panic, Taking War Drama as Fact.”
C. The next day, a frontpage headline, in the New York Times declared, “Radio Listeners in Panic, Taking War Drama as Fact.”
D. The next day, a frontpage headline, in the New York Times, declared “Radio Listeners in Panic, Taking War Drama as Fact.”
End skippable content.
Question 35.
The writer wants to add a supporting detail to indicate that the story was widely reported. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?
A. NO CHANGE (The Times article claimed that people had fled their homes and that police stations had been swamped with calls.)
B. Other newspapers also ran stories claiming that the broadcast had incited mass hysteria.
C. In 2013, many newspapers and magazines featured articles about the seventyfifth anniversary of the broadcast.
D. The Times was then and is now one of the United States’ most popular news sources.
Answer choices in context:
Begin skippable content.
A. The next day, a frontpage headline in the New York Times declared, “Radio Listeners in Panic, Taking War Drama as Fact.” The Times article claimed that people had fled their homes and that police stations had been swamped with calls.
B. The next day, a frontpage headline in the New York Times declared, “Radio Listeners in Panic, Taking War Drama as Fact.” Other newspapers also ran stories claiming that the broadcast had incited mass hysteria.
C. The next day, a frontpage headline in the New York Times declared, “Radio Listeners in Panic, Taking War Drama as Fact.” In 2013, many newspapers and magazines featured articles about the seventyfifth anniversary of the broadcast.
D. The next day, a frontpage headline in the New York Times declared, “Radio Listeners in Panic, Taking War Drama as Fact.” The Times was then and is now one of the United States’ most popular news sources.
End skippable content.
Question 36.
A. NO CHANGE (who feared)
B. that feared
C. fearing
D. to fear
Answer choices in context:
Begin skippable content.
A. This version of events persisted, and the legend became that Welles’s broadcast had as many as twelve million people who feared that Martians had invaded Earth.
B. This version of events persisted, and the legend became that Welles’s broadcast had as many as twelve million people that feared that Martians had invaded Earth.
C. This version of events persisted, and the legend became that Welles’s broadcast had as many as twelve million people fearing that Martians had invaded Earth.
D. This version of events persisted, and the legend became that Welles’s broadcast had as many as twelve million people to fear that Martians had invaded Earth.
End skippable content.
Question 37.
A. NO CHANGE (so far)
B. as far
C. as far and
D. so far as
Answer choices in context:
Begin skippable content.
A. The authors of an article published in October 2013 go so far to assign blame for the distortion to the newspaper industry.
B. The authors of an article published in October 2013 go as far to assign blame for the distortion to the newspaper industry.
C. The authors of an article published in October 2013 go as far and to assign blame for the distortion to the newspaper industry.
D. The authors of an article published in October 2013 go so far as to assign blame for the distortion to the newspaper industry.
End skippable content.
Question 38.
A. NO CHANGE (At this time,)
B. On one hand,
C. In the article,
D. Next,
Answer choices in context:
Begin skippable content.
A. The authors of an article published in October 2013 go so far to assign blame for the distortion to the newspaper industry. At this time, Jefferson Pooley and Michael Socolow, both professors of communication studies, argue that the newspaper industry sought to discredit the newly emerging technology of radio, which was cutting into newspapers’ profits.
B. The authors of an article published in October 2013 go so far to assign blame for the distortion to the newspaper industry. On one hand, Jefferson Pooley and Michael Socolow, both professors of communication studies, argue that the newspaper industry sought to discredit the newly emerging technology of radio, which was cutting into newspapers’ profits.
C. The authors of an article published in October 2013 go so far to assign blame for the distortion to the newspaper industry. In the article, Jefferson Pooley and Michael Socolow, both professors of communication studies, argue that the newspaper industry sought to discredit the newly emerging technology of radio, which was cutting into newspapers’ profits.
D. The authors of an article published in October 2013 go so far to assign blame for the distortion to the newspaper industry. Next, Jefferson Pooley and Michael Socolow, both professors of communication studies, argue that the newspaper industry sought to discredit the newly emerging technology of radio, which was cutting into newspapers’ profits.
End skippable content.
Question 39.
Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?
The sentences containing the underlined portion are as follows:
At this time, Jefferson Pooley and Michael Socolow, both professors of communication studies, argue that the newspaper industry sought to discredit the newly emerging technology of radio, which was cutting into newspapers’ profits. The newspaper industry tried to do this by portraying the new medium as irresponsible.
A. profits, which is what the newspaper industry tried to do when it portrayed
B. profits, by which the newspaper industry portrayed
C. profits and tried to do this by portraying
D. profits, by portraying
Answer choices in context:
Begin skippable content.
A. At this time, Jefferson Pooley and Michael Socolow, both professors of communication studies, argue that the newspaper industry sought to discredit the newly emerging technology of radio, which was cutting into newspapers’ profits, which is what the newspaper industry tried to do when it portrayed the new medium as irresponsible.
B. At this time, Jefferson Pooley and Michael Socolow, both professors of communication studies, argue that the newspaper industry sought to discredit the newly emerging technology of radio, which was cutting into newspapers’ profits, by which the newspaper industry portrayed the new medium as irresponsible.
C. At this time, Jefferson Pooley and Michael Socolow, both professors of communication studies, argue that the newspaper industry sought to discredit the newly emerging technology of radio, which was cutting into newspapers’ profits and tried to do this by portraying the new medium as irresponsible.
D. At this time, Jefferson Pooley and Michael Socolow, both professors of communication studies, argue that the newspaper industry sought to discredit the newly emerging technology of radio, which was cutting into newspapers’ profits, by portraying the new medium as irresponsible.
End skippable content.
Question 40.
Which choice best establishes the main idea of the paragraph?
A. NO CHANGE (consequently weakening Pooley and Socolow’s argument.)
B. but evidence does suggest that reports of panic have been overblown.
C. yet Pooley and Socolow maintain that the newspaper industry intentionally distorted the story.
D. making it difficult to determine what really happened in 1938.
Answer choices in context:
Begin skippable content.
A. Proof of ulterior motives is scarce, consequently weakening Pooley and Socolow’s argument. For instance, the C. E. Hooper ratings indicate that a mere 2 percent of households had tuned in to the broadcast. Pooley and Socolow also call into question the validity of an oftcited report that was based on a survey conducted six weeks after the broadcast. Just because some people found the broadcast unsettling, the authors contend, doesn’t mean they believed it and reacted with real terror. According to this report, one million people indicated that they had been “frightened” by the broadcast. Ratings, however, reveal that far fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast. Furthermore, Pooley and Socolow note that this survey “conflated being ‘frightened,’ ‘disturbed,’ or ‘excited’ by the program with being ‘panicked.’”
B. Proof of ulterior motives is scarce, but evidence does suggest that reports of panic have been overblown. For instance, the C. E. Hooper ratings indicate that a mere 2 percent of households had tuned in to the broadcast. Pooley and Socolow also call into question the validity of an oftcited report that was based on a survey conducted six weeks after the broadcast. Just because some people found the broadcast unsettling, the authors contend, doesn’t mean they believed it and reacted with real terror. According to this report, one million people indicated that they had been “frightened” by the broadcast. Ratings, however, reveal that far fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast. Furthermore, Pooley and Socolow note that this survey “conflated being ‘frightened,’ ‘disturbed,’ or ‘excited’ by the program with being ‘panicked.’”
C. Proof of ulterior motives is scarce, yet Pooley and Socolow maintain that the newspaper industry intentionally distorted the story. For instance, the C. E. Hooper ratings indicate that a mere 2 percent of households had tuned in to the broadcast. Pooley and Socolow also call into question the validity of an oftcited report that was based on a survey conducted six weeks after the broadcast. Just because some people found the broadcast unsettling, the authors contend, doesn’t mean they believed it and reacted with real terror. According to this report, one million people indicated that they had been “frightened” by the broadcast. Ratings, however, reveal that far fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast. Furthermore, Pooley and Socolow note that this survey “conflated being ‘frightened,’ ‘disturbed,’ or ‘excited’ by the program with being ‘panicked.’”
D. Proof of ulterior motives is scarce, making it difficult to determine what really happened in 1938. For instance, the C. E. Hooper ratings indicate that a mere 2 percent of households had tuned in to the broadcast. Pooley and Socolow also call into question the validity of an oftcited report that was based on a survey conducted six weeks after the broadcast. Just because some people found the broadcast unsettling, the authors contend, doesn’t mean they believed it and reacted with real terror. According to this report, one million people indicated that they had been “frightened” by the broadcast. Ratings, however, reveal that far fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast. Furthermore, Pooley and Socolow note that this survey “conflated being ‘frightened,’ ‘disturbed,’ or ‘excited’ by the program with being ‘panicked.’”
End skippable content.
Question 41.
A. NO CHANGE (far fewer than)
B. many less than
C. much less then
D. much fewer then
Answer choices in context:
Begin skippable content.
A. Ratings, however, reveal that far fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast.
B. Ratings, however, reveal that many less than a million people had been listening to the broadcast.
C. Ratings, however, reveal that much less then a million people had been listening to the broadcast.
D. Ratings, however, reveal that much fewer then a million people had been listening to the broadcast.
End skippable content.
Question 42.
To make this paragraph most logical, sentence 4 should be placed
A. where it is now.
B. after sentence 2.
C. after sentence 5.
D. after sentence 7.
Answer choices in context:
Begin skippable content.
A. Proof of ulterior motives is scarce, consequently weakening Pooley and Socolow’s argument. For instance, the C. E. Hooper ratings indicate that a mere 2 percent of households had tuned in to the broadcast. Pooley and Socolow also call into question the validity of an oftcited report that was based on a survey conducted six weeks after the broadcast. Just because some people found the broadcast unsettling, the authors contend, doesn’t mean they believed it and reacted with real terror. According to this report, one million people indicated that they had been “frightened” by the broadcast. Ratings, however, reveal that far fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast. Furthermore, Pooley and Socolow note that this survey “conflated being ‘frightened,’ ‘disturbed,’ or ‘excited’ by the program with being ‘panicked.’”
B. Proof of ulterior motives is scarce, consequently weakening Pooley and Socolow’s argument. For instance, the C. E. Hooper ratings indicate that a mere 2 percent of households had tuned in to the broadcast. Just because some people found the broadcast unsettling, the authors contend, doesn’t mean they believed it and reacted with real terror. Pooley and Socolow also call into question the validity of an oftcited report that was based on a survey conducted six weeks after the broadcast. According to this report, one million people indicated that they had been “frightened” by the broadcast. Ratings, however, reveal that far fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast. Furthermore, Pooley and Socolow note that this survey “conflated being ‘frightened,’ ‘disturbed,’ or ‘excited’ by the program with being ‘panicked.’”
C. Proof of ulterior motives is scarce, consequently weakening Pooley and Socolow’s argument. For instance, the C. E. Hooper ratings indicate that a mere 2 percent of households had tuned in to the broadcast. Pooley and Socolow also call into question the validity of an oftcited report that was based on a survey conducted six weeks after the broadcast. According to this report, one million people indicated that they had been “frightened” by the broadcast. Just because some people found the broadcast unsettling, the authors contend, doesn’t mean they believed it and reacted with real terror. Ratings, however, reveal that far fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast. Furthermore, Pooley and Socolow note that this survey “conflated being ‘frightened,’ ‘disturbed,’ or ‘excited’ by the program with being ‘panicked.’”
D. Proof of ulterior motives is scarce, consequently weakening Pooley and Socolow’s argument. For instance, the C. E. Hooper ratings indicate that a mere 2 percent of households had tuned in to the broadcast. Pooley and Socolow also call into question the validity of an oftcited report that was based on a survey conducted six weeks after the broadcast. According to this report, one million people indicated that they had been “frightened” by the broadcast. Ratings, however, reveal that far fewer than a million people had been listening to the broadcast. Furthermore, Pooley and Socolow note that this survey “conflated being ‘frightened,’ ‘disturbed,’ or ‘excited’ by the program with being ‘panicked.’” Just because some people found the broadcast unsettling, the authors contend, doesn’t mean they believed it and reacted with real terror.
End skippable content.
Question 43.
A. NO CHANGE (some being)
B. some, they were
C. some,
D. some
Answer choices in context:
Begin skippable content.
A. Pooley and Socolow describe a more likely scenario: most people who heard the broadcast understood they were listening to a piece of fiction, but some being influenced by the sensationalized news coverage afterward, later “remembered” being more afraid than they had been.
B. Pooley and Socolow describe a more likely scenario: most people who heard the broadcast understood they were listening to a piece of fiction, but some, they were influenced by the sensationalized news coverage afterward, later “remembered” being more afraid than they had been.
C. Pooley and Socolow describe a more likely scenario: most people who heard the broadcast understood they were listening to a piece of fiction, but some, influenced by the sensationalized news coverage afterward, later “remembered” being more afraid than they had been.
D. Pooley and Socolow describe a more likely scenario: most people who heard the broadcast understood they were listening to a piece of fiction, but some influenced by the sensationalized news coverage afterward, later “remembered” being more afraid than they had been.
End skippable content.
Question 44.
Which choice most effectively signals the comparison the writer is making between the two groups mentioned?
A. NO CHANGE (not unlike)
B. unlike
C. not like
D. different from
Answer choices in context:
Begin skippable content.
A. The researchers also suggest that, not unlike people who got caught up in the excitement of the story when reading about it in the newspaper, the American public may have been willing to embrace the legend because of its appeal to the imagination.
B. The researchers also suggest that, unlike people who got caught up in the excitement of the story when reading about it in the newspaper, the American public may have been willing to embrace the legend because of its appeal to the imagination.
C. The researchers also suggest that, not like people who got caught up in the excitement of the story when reading about it in the newspaper, the American public may have been willing to embrace the legend because of its appeal to the imagination.
D. The researchers also suggest that, different from people who got caught up in the excitement of the story when reading about it in the newspaper, the American public may have been willing to embrace the legend because of its appeal to the imagination.
End skippable content.
Stop.
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