Science and Math For Technology



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Speed

Speed is a term used to define how fast an object is traveling. Most of the time we are talking about average speed. The most common way to express and understand this is in miles per hour (mph). You walk at about 3 mph. Runners travel at 6 to 10 mph. When you travel in an automobile you can observe the speedometer and compare the movement of the automobile to the speed that the vehicle is traveling.

If an object is moving along a straight line the rate at which speed changes is called acceleration. Acceleration is positive if the object is gaining speed and negative if the speed is decreasing.



Short distances and speeds below three miles per hour are usually measured in feet per second (or meters per second). If you want to change miles per hour into feet per second, multiply the mph by 1.47. If you have feet per second and want to change to miles per hour, multiply the feet per second by .682.





Velocity_Conversion'>Speed & Velocity Conversion

Multiply

By

To Obtain

Multiply

By

To Obtain

feet/sec.

0.3048

metres/sec.

miles/hour

88

feet/min.

feet/sec.

0.6818

miles/hour

miles/hour

miles/hour

feet/sec

metres/sec.

3.281

feet/sec.










Velocity

Speed is a term used when direction is not important in a problem. However, velocity is both the speed an object is moving and the direction in which it is traveling. If two automobiles have the same velocity then they must be traveling in the same direction.

In most cases you will be determining the average speed or distance traveled during a certain amount of time. The speed of an object can be found by using the following formula. Be sure to use the correct units when solving problems dealing with speed.



Most sports that involve running use these formulas:



Speed [ft. per sec] = distance (ft)/ time (seconds)

Speed [miles per hour] = distance (miles)/ time (hours)

Speed [mph] = (ft. per sec) x 60 (sec) x 60 (min) / 5280 (ft in a mile)

Velocity = distance / time

People realize that most runners start at “0” speed, and that runners do not maintain an exact speed during the race. We also use an average speed when figuring out how fast race cars are traveling.



*Note: Speed normally isn’t a constant. You can get a speeding ticket for going 45 mph in a 30 mph zone even if your average speed over an hour was 30 mph!



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